1、. .jz*初一英語學習知識點總結一、初一英語語法詞法1、名詞 a名詞的數 我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞， 而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式， 但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分，復數的構成如下：一在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas 二x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三1以輔音字母加 y 結尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies,2 以元音字母加y 結尾的直接加 s。如： day-

2、days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四 以 o 結尾加 s 外來詞。 如： radios, photos, 但如是輔音加 o 的加 es ： 如: tomatoes西紅柿 , potatoes馬鈴薯五以 f 或 fe 結尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es(s) 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六單復數一樣不變的有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子, chinese, japanese 七 一般只有

3、復數，沒有單數的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八單詞形式不變，既可以是單數也可以是復數的有：police警察局，警察 , class班，同學 , family家，家庭成員九合成的復數一般只加主要名詞，多數為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man或 woman所組成的合成詞的復數那么同時為復數。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十有的單復

4、數意思不同。如：fish 魚 fishes魚的種類 , paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文 , work工作 works 作品，工廠 , glass玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange. .jz*桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或 s。 如：is (i s), ks (k s) 。但如是縮略詞那么只加s。如： ids, vcds, sars 十二 特殊形式的有：child-ch

5、ildren, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen b名詞的格當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：一單數在后面加s。如： brother s, mike s, teachers二復數以 s結尾的直接在 s后加，如果不是以 s結尾的與單數一樣處理。 如：teachers day教師節 , classmates ; children s day六一節 , women s day三八節三 由 and并列的名詞所有時， 如果是共同所

6、有同一人或物時， 只加最后一個s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如：mike and ben s room邁克和本的房間共住一間，mike s and ben s rooms邁克和本的房間各自的房間2、代詞工程 人稱代詞物主代詞 指示代詞反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱單數 i me my mine myself . .jz*復數 we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱單數 you you your yours yourself 復數 you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱單數 she her her hers hersel

7、f he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復數 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、動詞 a 第三人稱單數 當動詞是第三人稱單數時，動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加 s，如下：一一般在詞后加s。如： es, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三 1 以輔音字母加 y結尾的變 y為 i 再

8、加 es 。 如： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2以元音字母加 y 結尾的直接加 s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四以 o 結尾加 es 。如： does, goes 五特殊的有： are-is, have-has b 現在分詞當我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：一一般在后加 ing。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, w

9、atch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二 以不發音 e的結尾的去掉 e再加 ing。 如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三以重讀閉音節結尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母注意除開字母組合如. .jz*show showing, draw-drawing 要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

10、 四以 ie結尾的變 ie為 y 再加 ing。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級 我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進展比照時，那么要使用比擬或最高級形式。構成如下：一一般在詞后加 er或 est(如果是以 e結尾那么直接加 r 或 st)。 如： greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二 以重讀閉音節結尾且 1個元音字母 1個輔音字母 (字母組合除外，如 few-fewer fewes

11、t) 結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。 如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三以輔音字母 y結尾的變 y為i 加 er/est。 如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四特殊情況： (兩好多壞，一少老遠 )good/well - bet

12、ter bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill worse worst little- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、數詞 (基變序，有規那么；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th；y結尾，變為 i, eth跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twe

13、ntieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英語語法句式1.陳述句 肯定陳述句a) this is a book. (be 動詞) b) he looks very young. ( 連系動詞 ) . .jz*c) i want a sweat like this. ( 實義動詞 ) d) i can bring some things to school. ( 情態動詞 ) e) there s a puter on my desk. (there be構造) 否認陳述句a) these aren t their books. b) they d

14、on t look nice.c) kate doesn t go to no. 4 middle school. d) kate can t find her doll.e) there isn t a cat here. (=there s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) please go and ask the man. b) let s learn english!c) e in, please. 否認祈使句 a) don t be late. b) don t hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句a) is jim a student b) can i h

15、elp you c) does she like salad d) do they watch tv e) is she reading 肯定答復 : a) yes, he is. b) yes, you can. c) yes, she does. d) yes, they do. e) yes, she is. . .jz*否認答復: a) no, he isn t. b) no, you can t. c) no, she doesn t. d) no, theydon t. e) no, she isn t.2) 選擇疑問句is the table big or small 答復 it

16、 s big./ it s small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 how old is lucy she is twelve. 問種類 what kind of movies do you like i like action movies and edies. 問身體狀況how is your uncle he is well/fine. 問方式 how do/can you spell it l-double o-k. how do we contact you my address is cindyjones163. 問原因 why do you want to join the clu

17、b 問時間 what s the time (=what time is it) it s a quarter to ten a.m.what time do you usually get up, rick at five o clock. when do you want to go let s go at 7:00. 問地方 where s my backpack it s under the table. 問顏色 what color are they they are light blue. what s your favourite color it s black. .jz* 問

18、人物 who s that it s my sister.who is the boy in blue my brother. who isn t at school peter and emma.who are lisa and tim talking to 問東西 what s this/that (in english) it s a pencil case.what else can you see in the picture i can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11問 xx what s your aunt s

19、 name her nameis helen./she s helen.what s your first name my first name s ben.what s your family name my family name s smith.12 問哪一個which do you like i like one in the box. 13 問字母 what letter is it it s big d/small f.14 問價格 how much are these pants they re 15 dollars. 15 問 what s your phone number

20、it s 576-8349. 16 問謂語 (動作 ) what s he doing he s watching tv.17 問職業 (身份 ) what do you do i m a teacher. .jz*what s your father he s a doctor.三、初一英語語法時態1、一般現在時表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時，它有：be 動詞： she s a worker. is she a worker she isn t a worker.情態動詞：i can play the piano. can you play the piano i can

21、t play the piano.行為動詞： they want to eat some tomatoes. do they want to eat any tomatoes they don t want to eat any tomatoes.gina has a nice watch. does gina have a nice watch gina doesn t have a watch.2、現在進展時表示動詞在此時正在發生或進展就使用進展時態，構造為sb be v-ing sth + 其它. i m playing baseball. are you playing baseball i m not playing baseball.nancy is writing a letter. is nancy writing a letter nancy isn t writing a letter.they re listening to the pop music. are they listening the pop music they aren t listening to the pop