1、按一下添加標題按一下添加標題配色方案修改： 配色方案在【格式】-【幻燈片設計】-【配色方案】-【編輯配色方案】下調整。LOGO的添加： Logo添加修改在【視圖】-【母版】-【幻燈片母版】下調整。直接選擇logo圖片刪除或修改。字體格式的設置： 標題和文本格式的設置在【視圖】-【母版】-【幻燈片母版】下調整。默認設置： 首頁主標題34號（中文黑體英文Arial）加粗；副標題24號（中文黑體英文Arial）加粗 內頁標題32號（中文黑體英文Arial）加粗；內頁內容文字28號（宋體） 萬木春萬木春英美文學英美文學ContentsThe author and his lifeThe themeBa

2、ckground information:American NaturalismCharacter analysisMain plotEnlightenment of Sister CarrieTheodore Dreiser 西奧多西奧多德萊塞德萊塞 (1871-1945) 1. His life 2. His works 3. His style His life Born in Indiana， being the 12th of 13 children， Dreiser spent his childhood in extreme poverty; From 15, he was on

3、 his own by doing a variety of menial(卑賤的) jobs. From 23, he served as a newsman in several cities. His education was from experience and independent reading and thinking. In 1900, he began to give his entire time to writing fiction. Sister Carrie was published this year. He was regarded as an Ameri

4、can realistic or naturalist writer.Major works uSister Carrie (1900)uJannie Gerhardt (1911)珍妮姑娘(姊妹篇)u“Trilogy of Desire”（欲望三部曲）: The Financier金融家 The Titan巨頭 The Stoic斯多葛uThe “Genius”天才(1915)-autobiographical noveluAn American Tragedy(1925)美國悲劇-greatest and most successful noveluDreiser Looks at Rus

5、sia(1928)德萊塞訪蘇印象記 Major Writing Features 1.As a naturalistic writer, Dreiser stressed determinism in his novels. His characters cant assert their will against natural and economic forces. Dreiser held that people are not entirely to blame for what they are and what they do. 2. He developed the capac

6、ity for photographic observation, thereby truthfully reflecting the society and people of his time and making his novels very believable and convincing. Almost all of his main characters are based on the real people. Vivid description of environmental setting and social background.3. His novels are

7、full of tragedies, serious subjects and miserable sides of the society. Dreiser broke through the genteel tradition , revealed the life of the lower class people and dared to expose the vulgar and ugly side of the society. 4. His powerful frankness widens the social and sexual range possible for lit

8、erature in America.1. Language: awkward, simple words2. Serious in tone: never satirical or comic3. Without good construction and lack in imagination4. Deficient characterization5. Journalistic method of reiteration 重復新聞手法重復新聞手法6. Techniques in painting (word-picture, sharp contrast, truth in color,

9、 movement in outline)Background:American NaturalismNaturalismwas a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailedrealismto suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literarymovement that

10、 seeks to replicate abelievableeveryday reality, as opposed to such movements asRomanticism orSurrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth ofliterary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-centuryFrance

11、and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by Charles Darwins theory of evolution: The struggle for existence; Survival of the fittest, and natural selection They believed that ones heredity and social environment largely determine ones character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subj

12、ects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine “scientifically” the underlying forces (e.g. the environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include uncouth粗野的 or sordid subject matter.Major features of Naturalism The core of naturalism i

13、s determinism（決定論） An individuals course in life is wholly determined by some combinationS of animal instinct, heredity, and environment. Humans lack freedom of their own will. All of their actions are controlled, determined. The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires. L

14、ife becomes a struggle for survival. Two of the naturalists recurrent concerns are: social systems that destroy and dehumanize, and individual experience of loss and failure.Major features of Naturalism Naturalism is a harsher and extreme form of realism. The naturalists have a major difference from

15、 the realists. They feel realists as far too “genteel”. Naturalists do not look at the average, but at the violent, sensational, sordid, unpleasant and ugly aspects of life. They would go to the slums and write about the life of poverty and crime. They write about war, prostitution, criminals, and a

16、ll of these other aspects of life that are not too pleasant to consider.CharacteristicsA. Characters. Frequently but not invariably ill-educated or lower-class characters whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity, instinct, and passion. B. Setting. Frequently an urban setting.C. Techniques

17、and plots. Walcutt says that the naturalistic novel offers panoramic, slice-of-life drama that is often a chronicle of despair.NaturalismNaturalism1. survival, determinism, violence, and taboo as key themes. 2. The forces of heredity and environment affect individual lives.ThemesNaturalismThemes4. N

18、ature as an indifferent force acting on the lives of human beings.5. An indifferent, deterministic universe. Naturalistic texts often describe the futile attempts of human beings to exercise free will, often ironically presented.American Naturalism Representatives: Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack

19、London and Theodore Dreiser. Cranes Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the first American naturalism work. Norriss McTeague is the manifesto of American naturalism. Dreisers Sister Carrie is the work in which naturalism attained maturity. -These writersdetailed description of the lives of the downtrod

20、den and the abnormal, their frank treatment of human passion and sexuality, and their portrayal of men and women overwhelmed by blind forces of nature still exert a powerful influence on modern writers. Social Backgroud of Sister CarrieThe novel reflected the American experience guided by the develo

21、ping capitalist economy. In the process of this development, thousands of rural Americans rushed to the cities to find jobs and to build themselves new lives and identities. Sister Carrie captures the excitement of that experience. Sister Carrie Structure of the story Plot of the story Characters Th

22、emes Enlightenment of Sister CarrieStructure of the storySister Carrie is written in a chronological order, with Carrie moving from the countryside to Chicago and then to New York. The developing plot is just like a precise document, in which the details of life of what Carrie sees and experiences w

23、ith her poor sister, with the dandy Drouet in Chicago, and with the helpless Hurstwood in New York, are closely followed and depicted. In fact, Hurstwoods story was meant to complement Carries story. Therefore, the story forms 2 lines that move among the 3 different individual worlds of Carrie, Hurs

24、twood, and Drouet. Plot of the storyThe novel begins with Carrie boarding a train for Chicago. She is going to live with her sister in the city and find a job there.(去芝加哥謀生去芝加哥謀生)But when Carrie meets Drouets friend, George W. Hurstwood, she finds him more elegant and becomes engaged to Hurstwood .

25、(認識經理認識經理)George is a wealthy man with a good reputation who makes a bad decision that forces him to leave Chicago in haste. By telling a lie he manages to take Carrie with him and together they go to New York. (與經理私奔與經理私奔)Carrie is a woman who wants a good home and money to buy the things she wants

26、, so when George does not live up to her expectations, she leaves him.( 離開經理離開經理)Carrie manages to establish a career and a name as an actress while George becomes unemployed and poor.(演員與乞丐演員與乞丐)Plot of the storyThe Characters u Caroline Meeber. Carrie, a young woman from rural Wisconsin; the prota

27、gonist . u Minnie Hanson, Carries elder sister who lives in Chicago and puts her up on arrival.a humble housewife .u Sven Hanson, Minnies husband, of Swedish extraction and bad temper. u Charles H. Drouet, a gentle traveling salesman. Carrie meets on the train to Chicago. u George W. Hurstwood, a we

28、ll-to-do, sophisticated man who manages Hannah and Hoggs resort. A promising , affectionately manu Julia Hurstwood, Georges strong-willed,social-climbing wife. The Characters The Characteristic Feature of Carrie hopeful , innocence vainglorious,vain immoral ambitious hopeful , innocence When Carrie

29、was taking the train to Chiago , she imagined a bright future She hopes to seek employment so that she can get and buy all the nice things that she wants. Carrie does not have any idea how hard this is going to be. Vainglorious,vain During her life in the city. she lives with two men as their mistre

30、ss. They give her the material things she desires. Her judgement in selecting men is based on their appearance and not on their character. Finally, she is without support and forced to make it on her own. superficial, hypocritical She measures mens worth in direct proportion to their ability to prov

31、ide her with the food, shelter, clothing, and pleasure. ambitious The first day when she is working in the factory, “she felt, as she could hardly endure such a life. Her idea of work had been entirely different.” -The above description about Carrie indicates that Carrie, unlike other ordinary new c

32、omers from countryside whose aim is only to find a job to earn bread, she also was wishful to get respected job which can offer her high salary and social position.Charlie DrouetCharlie Drouet Charlie Drouet is a charming, flashy (浮華的) salesman with a strong appetite for romance. Although he is warm

33、-hearted, he never takes any of his romantic affairs seriously. He provides Carrie with a place to stay after she is forced to stop living with her sister; he also promises to marry her, but he never really intends to. He loses Carrie to Hurstwood and then, years later, after she has become a famous

34、 actress, tries unsuccessfully to win her back. George Hurstwood If Carrie is the positive conviction of the theory that the fittest survive, then Hurstwood is negative evidence. He is driven by his instinctive drives and elopes with Carrie to a new environment. He is still conventional and cannot t

35、hrow away the long-held social morals. Therefore he is not fitted to live in New York. He has failed because he leaves his original place. His tragedy is the triumph of the natural desires and of the theory that the fittest survive.Themes v American DreamEach of Dreisers characters in Sister Carrie

36、search for their own “American Dreams”-the ones offered by a growing and prosperous democratic country. Carrie, a poor country girl, arrives in Chicago, filled with the expectations of acquiring the finer things in life.v Change and TransformationCarrie and Hurstwood undergo dramatic changes from th

37、e beginning of the novel to the end. Themes v Choices and ConsequencesHurstwood makes one choice that dramatically affects the rest of his life. While all choices result in consequences, those consequences can be positive or negative. Hurstwoods decision to take the money from his employers safe starts his downward spiral to his eventual suicide.v SexIn the early 1900s, the morals and virtues of the Victorian era still guided peoples actions. People with proper upbringing did not speak of sex.The p