1、1附錄(Appendixes)礦物代號Ab = Albite Ac = AcmiteAct = Actinolite Ae =Aegirine Af = Alkalifeldspar Alm =Almandine Als = Al2SiO5mineral Am =Amphibole An =Anorthite And =Andalusite Andr =Andradite Anl =Analcite Ann = AnniteAnt = AnthophylliteAr =Aragonite Aug = AugiteBi = Biotite Brc =Brucite Cc = Calcite Ch

2、= Chlorite Cld =ChloritoidCo=Corundum Coe =coesite Cpx =Clinopyroxene Crd =Cordierite Crs =Crossite Cum =Cummingtonite Der =Deerite Di = DiapsideDia = Diamond Dol =Dolomite En = EnstatiteEp = Epidote F =Fluid(H2O) Fa =Fayalite Fo=ForsteriteFs = Ferrosilite Gl =Glaucophane Gra =Graphite Gro =Grossula

3、r Gt = GarnetHb = Hornblende Hd =Hedenbergite Hu =Heulandite Hy =Hypersthene Ill = IlliteJd=Jadeite Jed=JedriteKao = Kaolinite Kf =K-feldspar鈉長石Kp = Kalinophilite鉀霞石錐輝石Ky = Kyanite藍晶石陽起石L = Liquid = melt液體 = 熔體霓石Lc=Leucite白榴石堿性長石Lm = Laumontite濁沸石鐵鋁榴石Lw = Lawsonite硬柱石Al2SiO5礦物Mar=Margarite珍珠云母角閃石Mc=

4、Mica云母鈣長石Mgn = Magnesite菱鎂礦紅柱石Mi = Microcline微斜長石鈣鐵榴石Mm = Montmorillonite蒙脫石方沸石Ms = Muscovite白云母羥鐵云母Mt = Magnetite磁鐵礦直閃石Ne = Nepherine霞石文石Ol = Olivine橄欖石普通輝石Om =Omphacite綠輝石黑云母Opx = Orthophyroxene斜方輝石水鎂石Or = Orthoclase正長石方解石Pg = Paragonite鈉云母綠泥石Phl = Phlogopite金云母硬綠泥石Phn = Phengite多硅白云母剛玉Pie = Piemo

5、ntite紅簾石柯石英Pig = Pigeonite易變輝石單斜輝石Pl = Plagioklase斜長石堇青石Prh = Prehnite葡萄石青鋁閃石Prl = Pyrophyllite葉臘石鎂鐵閃石Pu = Pumpellyite綠纖石迪爾石Px = Pyroxene輝石透輝石Pyr = Pyrope鎂鋁榴石金剛石Q = Quartz石英白云石Rie = Riebeckite鈉閃石頑火輝石San = Sanidine透長石綠簾石Sps = Spessartine錳鋁榴石流體(H2O)St = Staurolite十字石鐵橄欖石Stp = Stilpnomelane黑硬綠泥石鎂橄欖石Tc=

6、Talc滑石鐵輝石Tr=Tremolite透閃石藍閃石Ts=Tschermakite契爾馬克分子石墨V =Vapour蒸汽鈣鋁榴石Ver=Vermiculite蛭石石榴石Wm = White mica白色云母普通角閃石Wo=Wollastonite硅灰石鈣鐵輝石Wr=Wairakite斜鈣沸石片沸石Se = Sericite絹云母紫蘇輝石Ser = Serpentine蛇紋石伊利石Sil = Sillimanite夕線石硬玉Sm=Smecite蒙皂石鋁直閃石Sp = Spinel尖晶石高嶺石Wu=Wustite方鐵礦鉀長石Zo = Zoisite黝簾石2AAKF 圖(A KF diagram)

7、 ACF 圖( ACF diagram)AFC 模式(assimilation and fractional crystallization) AFM 圖( AFM diagram)A 型花崗巖 (A-type granites) I 型花崗巖 (I-type granites) M型花崗巖 (M-type granites) P-T-t 軌跡( P-T-t path) S 面( S-safaces 或 S-planes) S 型花崗巖 (S-type granites) 阿波羅(Apollo)阿爾卑斯型超基性巖體 (Alpine-type ultrabasicrocks) 阿拉斯加型 (Al

8、aska-type) 安山巖( andesite) 岸礁( shore reef) 暗拼巖( appinite ) 暗色體( melanosome) 奧長花崗巖 (tronndhjemite)B白榴石響巖 (leucite phonolite) 白榴巖( leucitite ) 白片巖( white schist ) 白云石化(dolomitization) 斑點構造( spotted structure )斑脫巖( bentonite ) 斑雜構造 ( taxiticstructure ) 斑狀變晶結構( porphyroblastictexture ) 斑狀結構(porphyritic t

9、exture) 板塊(plate)板劈理( slaty cleavage ) 板巖 (slate) 板狀等粒結構( equant tabular texture ) 板狀構造( slaty structure) 板狀交錯層( platecross-bedding ) 半晶質結構( hemicrystallinetexture ) 半自形變晶( hypidioblastic ) 半自形晶粒狀結構( hypidiomorphic-granular texture )包含結構 (poikilitic texture) 包卷層理( convoluted structure ) 包卷構造( convol

10、utedstructure ) 雹痕( hail print ) 堡礁( barrierreef ) 爆發 (explosions) 碧玄巖( basanite) 碧玉巖( jasperite) 變斑晶 (porphyroblast) 變晶( blast) 變晶鮞 (metacrystal ooid) 變晶結構( blastic texture ) 變晶系( crystalloblasticseries ) 變嵌晶( poikilolblast ) 變形(deformation) 變形帶( deformation band ) 變形結構( deformation texture ) 變形雙晶(

11、 deformation twins ) 變形紋( deformationlamellae ) 變余構造( palimpsest structure) 變余結構( palimpsest texture ) 變余糜棱巖( blastomylonite ) 變質帶( metamorphic zone)變質反應(metamorphic reaction)。變質分異(metamorphicdifferentiation) 變質構造( metamorphic structure ) 變質級( metamorphic grade) 變質結構(metamorphic texture) 變質結晶作用(meta

12、morphic crystallization) 變質相( metamorphic facies ) 變質相系( metamoprhic faciesseries) 變質巖 (metamorphic rocks) 變質巖巖屑砂巖(metamorphic fragment sandston)e變質作用 P/T 比類型( P/Tratio type of metamorphism) 標準礦物 (normativeminerals) 表鮞 (superficial ooid) 表生成巖作用( epidiagenesis) 賓漢塑性流( bingham plastic flow )漢英對照巖石學名詞索

13、引3冰川( glacier ) 冰筏( ice raft ) 冰磧物( till ) 冰山( iceberg) 波痕構造( ripple mark ) 波狀層理( wavy bedding ) 波狀交錯層( wavycross-bedding ) 波狀消光( undulose extinction ) 玻基安山巖(hyalo-andesite) ?；郀罱Y構(vitrophyric texture) ?；鋷r( vitrobasalt ) 玻璃質結構( hyaline texture ) 玻璃質碎屑結構( vitriclastic texture ) 玻屑 (glass shards) 補償

14、深度(carbonate compensation dept，h簡記為CCD)不等粒結構( heterogranular texture ) 不等粒結構 (inequigranular or seriatetexture) 不連續反應( discontinuous reaction ) 不平衡結構( disequilibrium texture ) 部分熔融(partial melting)部分熔融結構(partially melted texture)C殘積物( residual sediments) 殘縷結構( helicitic texture ) 殘余構造( relict struct

15、ure ) 殘余結構( relict texture ) 槽狀交錯層( troughcross-bedding ) 層 (條帶 )狀混合巖 (stromatite) 層礁( stratigraphicreef ) 層理( bedding ) 層流 (laminar flow ) 層系( set) 層系組( coset)層狀構造或帶狀構造( layered structure, stromatic structure ) 層狀侵入體 (layered intrusions ) 長石砂巖( feldspar sandstone) 長石石英砂巖( feldspathic quartz sandsto

16、ne) 長石巖屑砂巖( feldsparlithic sandstone ) 長英質( quartz-feldspathic )超變質作用( ultrametamorphism ) 超高壓( ultrahigh-pressure ) 超基性巖( ultrabasic rocks ) 超基性巖包體 (ultrabasic rock inclusion ) 超臨界狀態( super-critical state ) 超糜棱巖( ultramylonite ) 超碎裂巖( ultracataclasite ) 沉積構造( sedimentary structure )沉積混雜巖( diamictit

17、e ) 沉積物( deposits) 沉積學( sedimentology ) 沉積巖(sedimentary rocks)沉積作用( 廣義 )( sedimentation ) 沉積作用 (狹義 )( deposition )沉凝灰巖( tuffite ) 成分層( compositional layering ) 成分成熟度( compositional maturity ) 成分 - 共生圖解( composition-paragenesis diagram ) 成核( nucleation )成巖格子( petrogenetic grid ) 成巖作用 (diagenesis) 充填樣

18、式( packing style ) 沖擊變質作用( impactmetamorphism ) 沖刷構造( scour structure) 沖刷痕( scour marks)沖洗交錯層( swash cross-bedding ) 初糜棱巖( protomylonite ) 初始熔融 (incipient melting) 雛晶( crystallite ) 穿時的( diachronous ) 垂向序列( verticalsuccession) 次變石榴石 (kelyphite) 次生沉積構造( secondary sedimentary structure ) 次生石英巖(seconda

19、ry quartzite) 次要元素 (minor elements) 。 粗安巖( trachy-andesite ) 粗安巖( tristante ) 粗晶(macrocrystal)粗礫巖( cobble conglomerate )4粗粒( coarse grained) 粗粒結構( coarse grained texture ) 粗粒雜砂巖( course wacke ) 粗面巖( trachyte ) 粗砂巖( coarse sandstone)粗尾粒序( coarse-tail grading ) 粗玄結構 (間粒結構 )( intergranulartexture ) 粗玄巖

20、( dolerite ) 脆性流( brittle flow ) 脆性行為 (brittlebehavior)D大理巖 (marble) 大氣空落( air fall ) 大洋盆地玄武巖( oceanic basalts) 大洋中脊玄武巖( Mid-Ocean ridge basalts: MORBS ) 帶狀侵入體 (zoned intrusions)單成分礫巖( oligomict conglomerate ) 單成分粘土巖( monogenicclaystone ) 彈性行為 (elastic behavior) 淡色英云閃長巖( leucotonalite ) 島弧(island ar

21、c)島嶼結構( island texture ) 等變線( isograd) 等厚環邊膠結物 (isopachous cement) 等化學變質作用( isochemical metamorphism ) 等粒結構 (equigranular texture) 等粒結構( homogranular texture ) 等量體 (equivalent) 等色巖( shonkinete ) 底劈作用( diapirism ) 底涌流 (base surge) 底載荷( bed load) 地盾( shield) 地幔不相容元素 (mantle incompatibleelements) 地幔相容元

22、素 (mantle compatible elements) 地面涌流(ground surge) 地熱梯度 (geothermal gradient) 地外變質作用(extraterrestrial metamorphism) 遞增變質( progressivemetamorphism )點礁( patch reef) 疊層構造( stromatoliticstructure ) 疊層石灰巖 (stromatolitic limestone)疊瓦構造( imbricated structure ) 碟狀構造( dish structure ) 頂峰變質條件(peakmetamorphic c

23、onditions) 頂蝕作用( stoping )：定向充填( oriented packing ) 定向構造( directional structure ) 定向壓力 (directedpressure) 動力變質作用( dynamicmetamorphism ) 動態重結晶 (dynamicrecrystallization) 斷層巖( fault rock ) 堆積后的晶體( postcumulus crystals) 堆晶( cumuluscrystals ) 堆晶結構 (cumulate texture) ： 盾形火山( shielled volcano ) 惰性組分( iner

24、tcomponents )E鮞粒 (ooid) 二長花崗巖( monzonitegranite ) 二長巖 (monzonite)F反 應 邊 ( reaction rim )反 應 邊 結 構(reactionrimtexture)反 應 等 變 線( reaction isograd ) 反應結構( reactiontexture ) 泛流玄武巖( flood basalt ) 放射蟲巖( radiolarite ) 放射鮞 (radialooid) 霏細結構( felsitic texture ) 沸石相(zeolite facies) 分 離 結 晶 作 用(fractionalcry

25、stallization)分 離 作 用(fractionation) 分凝( segregation) 分選度( sorting ) 分選作用( sorting ) 分異作 用(differentiation)粉 砂 巖( siltstone )5構造角礫巖 (tectonic breccia) 構造礫巖(tectonic conglomerate)孤立組分( indifferent components ) 古成體( paleosome) 古登堡不連續面 (Gutenberg Continuity) 固定組分( fixedcomponents ) 固結 solidified 固溶體分解曲線

26、( solvus ) 冠狀體( corona ) 硅板巖( lydite ) 硅華( geyserite ) 硅化(silification) 硅鎂質盆地( ensimatic basin ) 硅藻軟泥( diatomaceous ooze) 硅藻巖( diatomite ) 硅質巖( siliceousrocks 或 silicastone) 過渡型洋中脊玄武巖( T-MORB ) 過渡性支撐( transitional support ) 過鉀質 (perpotassic) 過濾分異或壓濾分異作用 (filter pressing) 過剩組分( excesscomponents)H骸晶(

27、skeleton crystal ) 海綠石石英砂巖( glauconiticquartzarenite ) 海綿巖( spangolite )含磷巖( phospho-rus-bearing rocks ) 核形石 (oncolite) 黑曜巖( obsidian ) 黑云母安山巖 (biotite- andesite) 橫交結構( diablastic texture ) 后成合晶( symplectite ) 弧內盆地(intra-arc basin) 花斑結構( graphophyric texture ) 花斑巖( granophyre ) 花崗斑巖( granite-porphyr

28、y ) 花崗變晶多邊形結構( granoblastic-polygonal texture ) 花崗變晶多縫合結構( granoblastic-polysutured texture ) 花崗變晶結構( granoblastic texture ) 花崗閃長斑(玢)巖( granodiorite-porphyrite )糞團粒( fecal pellet ) 風暴流( storm current ) 風成交錯層( wind-dune cross-bedding ) 縫合線( stylolites ) 浮巖( pumice ) 俯沖作用 (subduction)負鮞 (negative ooid

29、) 負荷壓力 (lithostatic pressure)復變質巖(polymetamorphic rock) 復成分礫巖( polymict conglomerate ) 復成分粘土巖( polygenic claystone ) 復鮞 (compound ooid) 副變質巖( parametamorphite ) 富集地幔 (fertilemantle) 富集型地幔 (enriched mantle) 富集型洋中脊玄武巖( E-MORB ) 富鐵巖( iron-rich rocks )G鈣硅酸鹽角巖(calc-silicate hornfels)鈣硅酸鹽粒巖(calc-silicatef

30、els)鈣 堿 性 系 列(calc-alkiline series) 鈣 質(calcareous)鈣 質 長 石 砂 巖 (calcareousfeldspathic arenite ) 干酪根( kerogen) 橄欖安粗巖(mugaerite) 橄欖粗安巖( mugeariite)。 港灣結構( embayed texture ) 高地(月球上的)(high land)高嶺 石 粘 土 巖 ( kaolinitic clayston ) 高 鋁 玄 武 巖(high-aluminabasalt)高 熱 變 質 作 用(pyrometamorphism )高 原 玄 武 巖(platea

31、ubasalt ) 根痕構造( root traces) 更長環斑花崗巖( rapakivite ) 共生分析( paragenesis analysis) 共生相標志( syngenetic facies indicator ) 共軸增生(syntaxial overgrowth) 構造( structure) 構造超壓( tectonic overpressure )6花崗閃長巖( granodiorite ) 花崗細晶巖( granite-aplite) :花崗巖( granite ) 花崗巖化作用( granitization ) 花崗巖類(granitoid rocks) 滑動反應(

32、 sliding reaction ) 滑石菱鎂巖(listvenite) 化學沉積分異( chemical sedimentdifferentiation ) 化學成分( chemistry composition)還原色( reduced colour ) 環帶結構( zoned texture ) 環礁( atoll )環狀超鎂鐵雜巖體 (ring ultramafic complexes) 緩流( tranguil flow ) 黃長巖( melilitite ) : 黃鐵絹英巖 (beresite)黃土( loess) 煌斑巖 (lamprophyre) 恢復 (recovery)

33、輝長結構 (gabbro texture) 輝長閃長巖( gabbro-diorite ) 輝長巖( gabbro ) 輝綠結構 (ophitic texture) 輝綠巖( diabase)輝石安山巖 (pyroxene -andesite) 輝石角巖(pyroxene-hornfels) 輝石角巖相 (pyroxene-hornfels facies)會聚 (convergent) 混合( mixing ) 混合水( mixed water ) 混合水白云巖( dorag dolostone) 混合巖 (migmatite) 混合巖化作用( migmatization ) 混染( assi

34、milation ) 混雜堆積(melage) 混雜巖( melange) 混雜巖漿( hybrid magma ) 混雜作用( hybridization ) 活動大陸邊緣(active continentmargins)活動組分( mobile components ) 火成巖(igneousrocks)火山塵 (dust) 火山彈 (bomb) 火山灰 (ash) 火山角礫巖 (volcanic breccia) 火山口沉陷作用( cauldronsubsidence)： 火山礫 (lapillus) 火山礫角礫巖 (lapilli stone)火山碎屑流 (pyroclastic fl

35、ow) 火山碎屑巖( pyroclasticrocks ) 火山巖塊 (block) 火山巖巖屑砂巖( volcanicfragment sandstone )J機械沉積分異( mechanical sediment differentiation ) 機械雙晶( mechanical twins ) 基底式膠結 (basal cementation)基體( substrate) 基性( basic) 基性巖類( basic rocks) 基質( matrix ) 基質支撐( matrix-support ) 極粗砂巖( verycoarse sandstone) 極細砂巖( very fin

36、e sandstone ) 急流( torrent flow ) 集塊熔巖( agglomelate lava) 集塊巖( agglomerate) 擠入構造( diapirs )脊蓋處熔體分凝作用( ridge crest segregation ) 繼承礦物( inherital minerals ) 加大邊結構 (enlargement texture) 鉀鎂煌斑巖(lamproite)鉀玄巖系列 (shoshonite association)假等變線( false isograd) 假晶 (pseudocrystal) 假晶( crystal pseudomorph ) 假塑性流(

37、pseudo-plastic flow )假團粒( pseudopeloid ) 假象( pseudomorph) 假玄武玻璃 (pseudotachylite) 堿流巖( pantellerite ) 堿性粗面巖( alkali trachyte ) 堿性橄欖玄武巖( alkali olivine basalt ) 堿性花崗巖( alkali-granite ) 堿性輝長巖( alkali gabbro ) 堿性流紋巖( soda liparite ) 堿性巖 (alkaline rocks) 堿玄巖( tephrite ) 漿源( juvenile ) 交叉結構( dicussate te

38、xture)交錯層理( cross-bedding) 交代 (replacement) 交代變質作用(metasomatic metamorphism) 交代作用( metasomatism或 replacement) 交換反應( exchange reaction) 交面線理( intersecton lineation )交生結構(intergrovoth texture)膠結類型 (cementation type) 膠結物( cements) 膠結物的世代( cement generation) 膠結作用 (cementation) 礁蓋( reef cap) 礁核( reef core) 礁后( back