1、文化段落漢英對照考試復習學習 好資料文化段落（文化一瞥）漢英對照供段落翻譯（漢譯英）考試復習之用1.在許多國家，開始寒暄幾句是商務拜訪的習俗。但觀察家發現，這個習俗在美國卻不受歡迎。美國人在生意場上很少進行禮節性交往，他們不會在輕松的環境里悠閑地談生意，也不會通過打高爾夫球來增進彼此的信任感，他們一般通過工作而不是社交方式來評估了解他人。這是因為美國人深感人生的短暫，他們深深懂得，光陰一去不復返。因此他們會仔細規劃時間，盡量讓每分鐘都過得有意義。Making opening exchanges is the convention of the business call in many cou

2、ntries. But observers find it not welcomed in the States. Americans seldomconduct ritual interactionin business, they donleisurthavely business chat inrelaxed surroundings, neither do they play golf to develop a sense of trust. Theygenerally probe and assess their visitors professionally rather than

3、 socially. Thisis because Americans have an acute sense of shortness of lifetime, they know verywell time can t be replaced. Consequently, they carefullybudget time and wantevery minute to count2. 春節是中國最具特色的重要傳統節日，標志著中國農歷新年的開始，從除夕一直持續到正月十五元宵節。春節是家人團圓的節日，這一點和西方的圣誕節很相似。在外地工作的人，都會不遠千里回到家里和父母團聚。在除夕之夜，一家

4、人聚在一起包餃子、吃年夜飯，即團圓飯。春節期間家家戶戶都會貼春聯、貼年畫。晚上 12 點左右，家家燃放煙花爆竹，辭舊迎新，希望送走不幸，迎來好運。春節第一天，大家互相拜年，送上最美好的祝愿。春節期間活動豐富多彩，如敲鑼、打鼓、走高蹺、舞龍舞獅等。The Spring Festival is the most unique and important traditional Chinese holiday. It marks the beginning of the Chinese lunar New Year, lasting from the New YearsEve to the Lant

5、ern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month. Like Christmas in the精品資料學習 好資料West, the Spring Festival is a time for family reunion. People working away fromhome will travel a long distance to come back to join their parents. On New YearsEve, the whole family gets together, makingjiaozi and

6、 enjoying the meal of the Eve, or family reunion dinner. Every household will paste up Spring Festival couplets andChinese New Year pictures. Around 12 oclock at night, every family will set offfireworks and firecrackers to greet the new days and send off the old ones, hoping to cast away bad luck a

7、nd bring forth good luck. On the first day of the Spring Festival,people pay New Yearscalls, giving best wishes to one another. There are variousactivities during the Spring Festival, such as beating drums and striking gongs, as well as stilt-walking, dragon and lion dances3. 農歷正月十五元宵節是中國人的傳統節日。元宵節又

8、稱燈節或上元節，是春節后的第一個重要節日，標志著春節的結束。正月是農歷的元月，古人稱夜為 “宵”，而元月十五晚上又是一年中第一個月圓之夜，所以稱正月十五為元宵節。元宵節的習俗在全國各地不盡相同，其中賞花燈、猜燈謎、吃元宵等是幾項最常見的民間習俗。很多地方舉辦元宵節燈會，會上設計各異的燈籠吸引人們前來觀賞。吃元宵是元宵節的另一項重要內容。據說，吃元宵的習俗起源于漢代，唐宋時期開始流行。元宵有“團圓 ”之意，因此吃元宵喻示著家庭團圓、和諧幸福。如今，元宵已成為人們的日常飲食之一。在超市一年四季都可以買到。The Yuanxiao Festival in China is a traditional

9、 festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month on the lunar calendar. The festival, also known as Lantern Festival or Shangyuan Festival, is the first important festival after the Spring Festival, marking the end of the latter. The first month of the lunar calendar is called theyuan mo

10、nth, and in olden times night was calledxiao in Chinese. The fifteenth day of the yuan month sees the first full moon of the lunar year. Therefore, the day is called Yuanxiao Festival. Although customs of the festival vary from region to region, the most common ones include appreciating lantern exhi

11、bits, trying to solve riddles written onlanterns, and eating yuanxiao。In many places lantern fairs are held on this day,attracting people to come and appreciate the lanterns of various designs. Eating yuanxiao is another important part of the festival. It is said that the custom of eating yuanxiao o

12、riginated from the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Tang and精品資料學習 好資料Song periods. Yuanxiao has the connotation of“ reunion ” , thus eating yuanxiaosignifies family life. Nowadays, yuanxiao has become a food in people s daily life,which is available in supermarkets all the year round.4. 梁山

13、伯與祝英臺是中國古代民間傳說之一，也是一個在世界上產生了廣泛影響的中國民間傳說。梁祝的故事家喻戶曉，在民間流傳已有一千多年，仍經久不衰。從古到今，有無數人被梁山伯與祝英臺的凄美愛情所深深感動。有人認為，它是中國古典悲劇之最，完美地表現了東方男女純潔忠貞的愛情。 20 世紀 50 年代，梁祝被譜寫成小提琴協奏曲，走上了國際舞臺。梁山伯與祝英臺被稱為中國的羅密歐與朱麗葉。The Butterfly Lovers, one of the ancient Chinese folk legends, has a wide impact around the world. Widely known and

14、 spread as it has been for over 1,000 years among the folk people, the story ofThe Butterfly Lovers still endures today. Since ancient times, there have been countless people who are deeply moved by the tragic love of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, the lovers in the story.Some people regard it as the

15、 best of the classical Chinese tragedies and the perfect expression of pure and faithful love between oriental men and women. In the 1950s, The Butterfly Lovers was composed into violin concerto, thus making it onto the international stage.The Butterfly Lovers is known as China Romeos and Juliet.5.

16、每年農歷七月初七的七夕節，簡稱七夕，是中國傳統節日中最具浪漫色彩的一個節日。傳說每年的七月初七是牛郎、織女相會的日子。在這一天，人間的喜鵲（ magpie）要飛到天上去，為牛郎和織女搭一座鵲橋，好讓二人渡過天河相見。在這一天的晚上，如果靜靜地躲在葡萄架下，就能聽到牛郎、織女說的悄悄話。The Double-Seventh Festival, called Qixi in Chinese, falls on the seventh day of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is a traditional Chinese

17、 festival full of romance. According to the legend, Niu lang(Cowherd) and Zhinv(Weaver Maid) get together on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, all the magpies will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two lovers can meet each other. People can hear th

18、eir loving whispers if they hide quietly under the grape trellis精品資料學習 好資料6.北京烤鴨（ Peking duck ）是北京最受歡迎的菜肴之一。北京烤鴨的起源可以追溯到大約 600 年前的明朝。那時候，來自中國各地的廚師前往北京為皇帝下廚。直到清朝統治期間，北京烤鴨才在社會的不同階層得到享用。一整只烤鴨會被放在餐桌上，服務員會把它片成薄片兒。做北京烤鴨的方法是先把宰殺過的鴨子放入開水中浸泡，然后掛在烤箱里烤上好幾小時。最終吃法是配上醬汁和餅皮。Peking duck is one of the most popular d

19、ishes in Beijing. The origin of the Peking duck dates back to the Ming Dynasty, about 600 years ago. Cooks from all over China traveled to Beijing to cook for the Emperor. Until the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the Peking duck became widely appreciated among different classes. The whole roasted duck is

20、 kept on the dining table where the restaurant staff slices it thinly. The method of making Peking duck is firstly to soak the duck killed in boiling water and then hang it in an oven for many hours. It is finally served with a choice of sauces or traditional pancakes.7. 昆明是云南省省會，中國首批歷史文化名稱之一。昆明夏無酷暑

21、，冬無嚴寒，年溫差為全國最小，四級氣候宜人，故被稱為 “春城 ”。昆明的旅游景點很多，最著名的是石林、滇池和世博園。引人入勝的石林明朝以來就有 “天下第一奇觀 ”之城。石林位于石林彝族自治縣，包括大小石林和許多其他景點。滇池是云南省最大的淡水湖，有 “高原明珠 ”之稱。 1988 年，滇池被列入國家級風景名勝區名單。世博園是昆明的另一個重要人文景觀，這里是1999 年昆明世界園藝博覽會會址。? Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, is one of the first historic and cultural cities in China. N

22、either very hot in summer nor very cold in winter, Kunming boasts the minimum difference in annual temperature in China and a comfortable climate all the year round, hence its alternative name“SpringCity”. Among the abundant tourist attractions in the city, the most famous are the Stone Forest, the

23、Dianchi Lake, and the Kunming Expo Garden. The enchanting Stone Forest has been known as the“First Wonder of the World”精品資料學習 好資料since the Ming Dynasty. Located in Shilin Yi Nationality Autonomous County, the attraction includes both large and small stone forests as well as many other scenic spots.

24、Dianchi Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan, is called the“the Pearl of the Plateau”.In 1988, Dianchi was listed as a national-level siteof scenic beauty and historic interest. The Expo Garden, another cultural attraction of significance in Kunming, is the site of the 1999 Kunming World Hort

25、iculture Exposition.? 8. 筷子是廣泛適用于東亞各國的傳統餐具。筷子的歷史起源于中國古代，最早可以追溯到商代。筷子通常由竹子、塑料、木材或不銹鋼制成。第一雙筷子可能用于烹飪，撥火而不是作為飲食器具。直到漢代，筷子才開始用作餐具。直到明代，筷子才開始被普遍使用于上菜或者吃飯。然后它們被取名 “筷子 ”，并擁有了今天的形狀。? Chopsticks are the traditional eating utensils in East Asian countries. Chopsticks originated in ancient China and dates back

26、to as early as the Shang Dynasty. They are commonly made of bamboo, plastic, wood or stainless steel. The first chopsticks were probably used for cooking, stirring the fire and not as eating utensils. Chopsticks began to be used as eating utensils during the Han Dynasty. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that chopsticks were widely used for both serving and eating. They then acquired the name kuaizi and the present shape.? 9. 中國有幾千年的文明史，文化寶藏光輝燦爛。其中有四部著名的古典長篇小說放射著耀眼的光芒，它們是西游記、水滸傳、三國演義和紅樓夢。這四部作品在中國家喻戶曉，老少爭