1、傳感器名詞解釋1. 傳感器定義2 傳感器的靜態(tài)特性 ：3 傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)特性 ：4. 線性度 ：5. 應(yīng)變效應(yīng) ：6 電渦流效應(yīng) ：7 熱電效應(yīng) ：8. 中間導(dǎo)體定律 ：9. 正電壓效應(yīng) ：10. 逆電壓效應(yīng) ：11. 光電導(dǎo)效應(yīng) ：12. 光生伏特效應(yīng) ：13. 傳光型光纖傳感器 ：14. 霍爾效應(yīng) ：15 磁阻效應(yīng) ：17. 相對(duì)濕度 ：18. 熱釋電效應(yīng) ：19. 莫爾條紋 ： 簡(jiǎn)答題1、有源傳感器與無(wú)源傳感器有什么差別，請(qǐng)舉出三個(gè)不同類(lèi)型的例子。2、試說(shuō)明如圖所示的應(yīng)變式加速度傳感器的工作原理。3、分析電容傳感器邊緣效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因，畫(huà)圖給出消除其影響的措施，并進(jìn)行論述。4、簡(jiǎn)述電渦流效應(yīng)

2、的原理，并說(shuō)明如何實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)距(參見(jiàn)圖1)。5、熱電偶測(cè)溫時(shí)什么要進(jìn)行冷端溫度補(bǔ)償，冷端溫度補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒ㄓ心男?、試說(shuō)明圖示的霍爾式位移傳感器的工作原理。7、簡(jiǎn)述超聲波無(wú)損探傷的工作原理。8、如書(shū)上圖所示是電容式差壓傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖及其轉(zhuǎn)換電路，介紹其工作原理。9、什么是正壓電效應(yīng)和逆壓電效應(yīng)？10、莫爾條紋是如何形成的？它有哪些特性？ 1、某溫度傳感器為時(shí)間常數(shù) =3s 的一階系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)傳感器受突變溫度作用后，試求傳感器 指示出溫差的三分之一和二分之一所需的時(shí)間。2、一只二階力傳感器系統(tǒng)，已知其固有頻率f0=800Hz ，阻尼比 =0.14 ，現(xiàn)用它作工作頻率 f =400Hz 的正弦變化的外力測(cè)

3、試時(shí)，其幅值比 A( )和相位角 ( )各為多少；若該傳感器的阻尼比 =0.7 時(shí)，其 A( )和 ( ) 又將如何變化 ?3、在材料為鋼的實(shí)心圓柱試件上，沿軸線和圓周方向各貼一片電阻為120 的金屬應(yīng)變片R1 和 R2，把這兩應(yīng)變片接人差動(dòng)電橋。若鋼的泊松比=0.285，應(yīng)變片的靈敏系數(shù) K=2 ，電橋的電源電壓 Ui=2V ，當(dāng)試件受軸向拉伸時(shí)，測(cè)得應(yīng)變片R1 的電阻變化值 R=0.48，試求電橋的輸出電壓 U 0；若柱體直徑 d=10mm ，材料的彈性模量 E=2×1011N/m2，求其所受 拉力大小。差動(dòng)電橋電路4、一臺(tái)采用等強(qiáng)度梁的電子稱(chēng)， 在梁的上下兩面各貼有兩片電阻應(yīng)變

4、片， 做成稱(chēng)重傳感器， 如習(xí)題圖 212所示。已知 l=10mm ， b0=llmm ，h=3mm，E=2.1×104N/mm2，K=2，接入直 流四臂差動(dòng)電橋，供橋電壓 6V ，求其電壓靈敏度 (K u=U o/F) 。當(dāng)稱(chēng)重 0.5kg 時(shí)，電橋的輸出 電壓 Uo為多大 ?(a)習(xí)題圖 2-12懸臂粱式力傳感器5、有一懸臂梁，在其中部上、下兩面各貼兩片應(yīng)變片，組成全橋，如圖所示。請(qǐng)給出由這四個(gè)電阻構(gòu)成全橋電路的示意圖。若該梁懸臂長(zhǎng) L =0.25m ，寬 b= 0.06m，厚 h=0.003m ，彈性模量 E 7 1010 Pa ，應(yīng)變片 靈敏度系 K=2，應(yīng)變片空載電阻 R 1

5、20 ，應(yīng)變片中心距固定端 x= 0.4L，現(xiàn)受一向下 力 F =1N ，試求此時(shí)四個(gè)應(yīng)變片的電阻值。(梁上各處應(yīng)變6(L 2 x)bh EF)Fh6、在壓力比指示系統(tǒng)中采用差動(dòng)式變間隙電容傳感器和電橋測(cè)量電路，如習(xí)題 43 圖所示。已知： 0=0.25mm ； D =38.2mm； R=5.1k ； Usr=60V(交流 )，頻率 f=400Hz 。試求：(1) 該電容傳感器的電壓靈敏度 Ku (V/ m)；(2) 當(dāng)電容傳感器的動(dòng)極板位移 =10m時(shí)，輸出電壓 Usc值。習(xí)題圖 4 37、所示差動(dòng)式同心圓筒柱形電容傳感器，其可動(dòng)內(nèi)電極圓筒外經(jīng) d=9.8mm ，固定電極外圓 筒內(nèi)經(jīng) D=1

6、0mm，初始平衡時(shí)，上、下電容器電極覆蓋長(zhǎng)度 L1=L2=L0=2mm ，電極間為空氣 介質(zhì)。試求：(1)初始狀態(tài)時(shí)電容器 C1、C2 的值；(2)當(dāng)將其接入習(xí)題圖 4-14(b)所示差動(dòng)變壓器電橋電路，供橋電壓 E=10 V (交流)， 若傳感器工作時(shí)可動(dòng)電極筒最大位移 x= 0.2mm ，電橋輸出電壓的最大變化范圍為多少？(a) (b) 習(xí)題圖 4-148、有一只差動(dòng)電感位移傳感器，已知電源電Usr=4V ， f=400Hz ，傳感器線圈銅電阻與電感量分別為R=40 ， L= 30mH ，用兩只匹配電阻設(shè)計(jì)成四臂等阻抗電橋，如習(xí)題圖316 所示，試求：(1)匹配電阻 R3和 R4的值；(2

7、)當(dāng) Z=10 時(shí)，分別接成單臂和差動(dòng)電橋后的輸出電壓值；(3) 用相量圖表明輸出電壓 Usc 與輸入電壓 U sr之間的相位差。9、有一壓電晶體，其面積為 30mm 2 ，厚度為 20mm，當(dāng)受到壓 力 p 10Mpa 作用時(shí)，求下面兩種情況下產(chǎn)生的電荷及輸出電壓： 零度 X 切的縱向石英晶體； 利用縱向效應(yīng)的 BaTiO 3 。10、石英晶體壓電式傳感器，面積為100mm2，厚度為 1mm，固定在兩金屬板之間，用來(lái)測(cè)量通過(guò)晶體兩面力的變化。材料的彈性模量為9×1010Pa，電荷靈敏度為 2pC N，相對(duì)介電常數(shù)是 5.1 ，材料相對(duì)兩面間電阻是 1014。一個(gè) 20pF 的電容和

8、一個(gè) 100M 的電阻與極 板并聯(lián)。若所加力 F=0.01sin(1000t)N ，求：(1)兩極板間電壓峰 峰值；(2)晶體厚度的最大變化。證明題1、根據(jù)光折射和反射的斯涅爾 (Snell) 定律，證明光線由折射率為 n0 的外界介質(zhì)射入纖 芯時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)全反射的臨界角 (始端最大入射角 )為 sinn12 n22 / n0 ，并說(shuō)明上式的物理意義。Kn2n0kkKBiDCr2、為了減小變極距型電容傳感器的極距，提高其靈敏度，經(jīng)常在兩極板間加一層云母或塑 料膜來(lái)改善電容器的耐壓性能， 如圖所示。 試推導(dǎo)這種雙層介質(zhì)變間隙型電容傳感器的電容 與動(dòng)極板位移的關(guān)系式。"If we don

9、9;t do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it."His comments came hours after Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FA's celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.byCSKA general d

10、irector Roman Babaev says the matter has been "exaggerated" the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: "It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them."It is a no

11、nsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense."We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination. "This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh

12、sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football."The (lack of) air up theretaskforce, is in London forAssociation's 150th celebrations and willWatch m Cayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism the Football anniversary attend City'sPremier Leagu

13、e match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet YayaToure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings agai

14、nst CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure

15、9;s complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, condit

16、ions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Evere

17、st (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space

18、 at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be

19、 like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water,he will begin to slow as heapproaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he