1、contentCONTENTS句子成分就是一個句子的各個組成部分。如果把一個句子看成是一棵樹， 那么一顆樹的組成部分有樹干、樹枝、樹葉；而一個句子的組成部分就有主語、謂語、賓語等。英語中的句子成分主要有：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、同位語定語、狀語、補語、同位語一、主語（一、主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。主句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于語一般位于_ 。主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞或的形容詞或-ed-ed分詞、不定式、分詞、不定式、-ing-ing分詞和分詞和( (主語主

2、語) )從句等。從句等。1名詞充當主語。名詞充當主語。 Young people love pop music Old people prefer classical music句首句首2代詞充當主語。如：代詞充當主語。如： It rains quite often in spring She was in a bad mood3 數詞充當主語。如：數詞充當主語。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名詞化的形容詞或名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當主語。分詞充當主語。 如：如： The disabled are well taken car

3、e of5不定式充當主語。如：不定式充當主語。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分詞充當主語。如：分詞充當主語。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Being with you is terrific Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主語主語 (真正的真正的)主語主語7從句充當主語從句充當主語(該從句稱作主語從句該從句稱作主語從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chi

4、nese surprised us all 關聯詞主語關聯詞主語(從句從句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 關聯詞主語關聯詞主語(從句從句) 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常由由_ 充當充當.動詞常分為實義動詞動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動連系動詞詞,情態動詞和助動詞情態動詞和助動詞.動詞動詞情態動詞情態

5、動詞和和助動詞助動詞不能單獨充當謂語不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.三、賓語三、賓語 賓語賓語(object)表示動作的承受者，在句中一表示動作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動詞之后。般放在及物動詞之后。 賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、定式、-ing分詞、從句等。分詞、從句等。(能做主語的詞能做主語的詞) 1名詞充當賓語。如：名詞充當賓語。如： Dry wood catches fi

6、re easily General questions cant puzzle the clever boy 2代詞充當賓語。如：代詞充當賓語。如： We can invite them to our party If you dont know the way，ask her 3副詞充當賓語。如：副詞充當賓語。如： The athletes left there just now4不定式充當賓語。如：不定式充當賓語。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分詞充當賓語。如：分詞充當賓語。如： You wont forget attending his

7、 farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 6從句充當賓語。如：從句充當賓語。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 雙賓語雙賓語有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語: 直接賓語直接賓語(Direct Object)和間接賓語和間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語稱為雙賓語.這兩個賓語往往這兩個賓語往往一個指人一個指人(一般為一般為間接賓語間接賓語), 另另一個指物一個指物(一般為直接賓語一般為

8、直接賓語). 間間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前. He gave me a book. 間接賓語間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語有時為了強調間接賓語有時為了強調間接賓語, 也可將間接賓也可將間接賓語后置語后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. He gave a book to me. He bought this book for me.注意注意: 如果直接賓語是人稱代詞如果直接賓語是人稱代詞, 則間則間接賓語必須后置接賓語必須后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to sho

9、w it to your parents.系動詞Add your title表示狀態表示狀態Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系動詞感官系動詞變得變得一直保持一直保持看起來，似乎看起來，似乎seem， appear 名詞名詞 His father is a teacher. b. 代詞代詞 This book is mine. c. 形容詞或分詞短語形容詞或分詞短語 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is

10、 very interesting.d. 數詞數詞 One plus one is two.e. 動詞不定式或動名詞短語動詞不定式或動名詞短語 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.f. 副詞或介詞短語副詞或介詞短語 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now.g. 從句從句 The question is why we should put off the meeting.定語：修飾主語、賓語和表語定語：修飾主語、賓語和表

11、語在翻譯時往往譯為 “的”后置定語后置定語前置定語前置定語 形容詞形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist. b. 名詞名詞 Lets listen to the weather forecast first.c. 動名詞動名詞 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分詞短語或動詞不定式短語分詞短語或動詞不定式短語 She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with.e. 介詞短語或副詞介詞短語或副詞 I havent got the s

12、olution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 從句從句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher. 副詞副詞 Who can write beautifully? b. 介詞短語介詞短語 Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside. c. 分詞短語分詞短語 Not knowing what to do, I decided to give up.d. 動詞不定式短語動詞不定式短語 His mother of

13、ten comes to see him.e. 名詞名詞 Please come this way.f. 從句從句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.復合結構：賓語賓補復合結構：賓語賓補nadjadv.介詞短語分詞短語與動詞不定式I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He l

14、eft the girl in the room.八、八、 同位語同位語 在一個句子中在一個句子中, 一個名詞或一個名詞或代詞代詞, 或相當于名詞的短語或或相當于名詞的短語或從句從句, 放在另一個名詞或代詞放在另一個名詞或代詞之后之后, 用以說明它的性質或情用以說明它的性質或情況況, 被稱為同位語被稱為同位語(Appositive). 可作可作同位語的通常有同位語的通常有: 名詞名詞 This is my best friend, Tom. b. 代詞代詞 We all got a surprise. c. 數詞數詞 This prize is for you two. d. 從句從句 I h

15、ad no idea that you were here. 就是一個最簡單的句子構就是一個最簡單的句子構成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當于一棵樹的樹成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當于一棵樹的樹干部分。并由此構成了英語的五種基本結構干部分。并由此構成了英語的五種基本結構 S+V 主語謂語主語謂語 S+V+P 主語系動詞表語主語系動詞表語 S+V+O 主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語 S+V+o+O 主語謂語雙賓語主語謂語雙賓語 S+V+O+C 主語謂語賓語賓補主語謂語賓語賓補content1. S+V 主謂（不及物動詞）英語五種基本句型英語五種基本句型The sun was shinning.The

16、moon rose.We all breathe, eat and drink.Lucy gets up early every morning.He had slept for a long time when I came in.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.content2. S+V+P 主系表英語五種基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell asleep.His face turned red.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.content3. S+V+O 主謂賓英語五種基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.content4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓英語五種基本句型He brought you