1、unit three 語法篇 _ 重點(diǎn)掌握可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞及there be 句型的用法。 重點(diǎn)語法：可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞（表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集體名詞（表示作為一個(gè)整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來計(jì)算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)，如meat, rice, water, milk, orang

2、e 等）和抽象名詞（表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。二、關(guān)于可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：book books room rooms house houses day days2. 以s, ch, sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasses 3. 以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將

3、y改為i再加-es。如：city cities body bodies 4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives 5. 特例 悄悄話：特例常常考，要記住。 child children man men woman women policeman policemen（規(guī)律：man men） tomato tomatoes potato potatoes初中英語以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只有這兩個(gè)詞加-es，其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth悄悄

4、話： oo變成ee。 sheep, chinese, japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形悄悄話：變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞形不變。 people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,要求謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指“多個(gè)民族”。三、關(guān)于不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義往往發(fā)生變化。3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)為不可數(shù)，表示種類時(shí)就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。四、名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意”1、可數(shù)名詞是可以用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：desk-desks, apple-appl

5、es等。不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。2、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a（an），表示特指時(shí)，前面要用定冠詞the; 而不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a（an）修飾，表示特指時(shí)，前面一定要用定冠詞the。3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾，表示"一些，許多"。4、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞+of"來表示數(shù)量。5、可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用單

6、數(shù)形式，但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)"單位詞"時(shí)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：there are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。6、對可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如：how many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少個(gè)蘋果？how much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：對不可數(shù)名詞前的"單位詞"的修飾語提問時(shí)，疑問詞用how many。 如：how many pieces of

7、 bread are there on the plate?盤子里有多少片面包？   英語中的名詞按其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。這兩種名詞在用法上是有區(qū)別的，現(xiàn)歸納如下： 一、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，如：   mapmaps；oniononions；bakerbakers     不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如： some water；a lot of bread 二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a （an）；而不可數(shù)名詞不能用a（an）。友情提醒 在表示特指

8、時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞the。三、可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用many等詞修飾。如：many apples，a lot of tomatoes，a few pens      不可數(shù)名詞則要用much、a little等詞修飾。 如：much meat，a little bread，little water 四、可數(shù)名詞前通常可用具體的數(shù)詞來修飾。如： three women，ten babies     不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí)，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即“數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞（可數(shù)名詞）+of

9、+ 不可數(shù)名詞”。如：  two glasses of milk兩杯牛奶  five pieces of bread五片面包 五、可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語修飾時(shí)，謂語動詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。六、對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many；對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much，但對不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用how many。七、另外，有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)名詞，但不同的是，它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，如people，police，family等；

10、而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如clothes，glasses（眼鏡）等；有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如japanese，sheep，chinese等。如： 重點(diǎn)語法：there be句型基本用法a)there be句型的基本用法:某地/某存在有某人/某物1.形式為“there be代詞或名詞(短語)地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語”。b)there besb.doing sth.地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語:有某人在做某事注意1. there be句型中be動詞與主語要保持主謂的一致性。2. 如果作主語的是一個(gè)短語，則常常考查短語中的修飾語。可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any, some, few, a few, m

11、any或用數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million, hundreds/thousands/millions of, no等修飾；不可數(shù)名詞可以受any, some, no, little, a little，much等詞的修飾。3. 注意不定代詞的用法。1) 不定代詞在句中作主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。2) 不定代詞受形容詞修飾時(shí)要放在形容詞前面。4. there be句型的反意疑問句，要注意陳述部分的形式。 若陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle，few，no，nobody，none等否定詞時(shí)，簡短問句要用肯定形式。但含否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)則仍看做肯定句式。5. 要注意句子前后

12、意思的一致性。有的句子單獨(dú)看其意義時(shí)，可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合于它，但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。6.就近一致原則：即be動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離它最近的一個(gè)主語保持一致。 1.he is very hungry. please give him_. a.two bread b.two piece of bread c.two pieces of breads d.two pieces of bread2.those are my_. a.glass b.a glass c.glasses d.the glasses3.i have two_of bread and one_of red t

13、ea for breakfast. a.piece;cup b.pieces;cups c.piece;cups d.pieces;cup4.there_some apple juice and two bottles of milk on the table. a.is b.are c.have d.has5.there are_american girls in the classroom. a.a b.any c.the d.some解析：1.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí)，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即“數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞（可數(shù)名詞）+of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”。題目中是兩片面包，所以表示數(shù)量的

14、名詞（可數(shù)名詞）要用復(fù)數(shù)，而后面的bread是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)，故選d。2.從those表示那些可以看出是復(fù)數(shù)，glass是可數(shù)名詞，所以選c。3.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí)，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即“數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞（可數(shù)名詞）+of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”。題目中是兩片面包，所以表示數(shù)量的名詞（可數(shù)名詞）要用復(fù)數(shù)，而后面的bread是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)；后面是一杯紅茶是單數(shù)，所以選d。4.此題考查的there be 句型，there be句型中be動詞與主語要保持主謂的一致性。從后面的apple juice可知是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用單數(shù)is。故選a。5.從后面的girls可以看出是可數(shù)

15、名詞復(fù)數(shù)，此句又是肯定句，所以用some。故選d答案：dcdad基礎(chǔ)演練一、選擇填空1.the deer has four _ a. foot b. feet c. feets d. foots2.her two brothers are both _. a. policeman b. policemans c. policemen d. policemens3.there are four _ and two _ in the group. a. japanese, germen b. japaneses, germen c. japanese, germans4.two _ would c

16、ome to the village. a. woman-doctors b. women doctor c. women doctors d. woman doctors5.can you see nine _ in the picture? a. sheep b. dog c. pig d. horse6.the _ has two _. a. boys, watches b. boy, watch c. boy, watches d. boys, watch7.the boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. a. tooth b. t

17、ooths c. teeth d. teeths8.the japanese _ will not leave china until she finishes her study. a. woman b. women c. man d. men9.there are lots of _ in the basket on the table. a. tomatos b. tomato c. tomatoes d. tomatoss10.the cat caught two _ last night. a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices二、用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)

18、形式填空。1.there are three_ (cup) of tea.2.how many _ (dictionary) are there on this shelf.3.would you like some _ (book) to read?4.both of my _ (parent) are teachers.5.they are all _ (doctor).6.one of the most interesting_ (country) is in africa.7.the blue _ (trouser) are too long.8.lets _ (have) a eng

19、lish class.鞏固提高三、根據(jù)中文提示完成下列各句。1.我們小組中的四個(gè)同學(xué)每天喝很多水。for students_every day.2.你每餐吃多少肉？ _at every meal?3.約翰喜歡吃些零食當(dāng)作早餐。 john_.4.我認(rèn)為每天吃個(gè)蘋果是很好的。 i think_every day.5.每天喝兩杯以上的加糖飲料對我們的健康有害。 it_two glasses of drinks with sugar every day.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.there are some bottles of water in the fridge.(轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問句） _ in the

20、fridge?2.the beef is $ 10.99 a kilo today.(對劃線部分提問)_ today?3.jim has one egg, two pieces of bread and an oranges for breakfast.(對畫線部分提問）_ breakfast?4.a lot of people in asia eat rice almost every day.(對畫線部分提問）_rice?5.there is some tea in the teapot. (改為否定句）_teapot.答案：一、1-5：bccca 6-10：acacb二、1.cups 2

21、.dictionaries 3.books 4.parents 5.doctors 6.countries 7.trousers 8.have三、1.in our group drink a lot of water 2.how much meat do you have 3.likes eating snacks for breakfast 4.it is good to eat an apple 5.is bad for our healthy to drink more than四、1.are there any bottles of water 2.how much is the be

22、ef 3.what does jim have for 4.how often do a lot of people in asia eat 5.there isnt any tea in the一、單選。1.-whats _mums favorite food, grace? -my mum? oh, a green salad. she is a vegetarian. a.their b.his c.her d.your2.-_is the beef? -the unit price is $ 5.99/1b. a.how much b.what c.how many d.which3.

23、-what delicious oranges! -exactly. they will_me nearly $ 10 this time. a.pay b.spend c.cost d.take 4.these bananas are so cheap. the total foe 3 kilos_only $ 5.00. a.is b.are c.has d.have5.-how many_do you want,madam? -half a kilo,please. a.chicken b.carrots c.potatoes d.beef6.-dad, _i have two hot

24、gods, please? -youd better not. they arent healthy enough. a.do b.must c.can d.should7.-jane,would you like something_? -no, thanks. a.drinking b.to be drinking c.drink d.to drink8.-is there anything to drink? -yes,here are_on the table. a.two bottles of orange juice b.a lot of milk c.a cup of tea d

25、.some coffee9.most parents think hamburgers are not healthy_they are my favorite food. a.and b.or c.but d.so10.-excuse me. do you have_books on science? a.some b.a c.an d.any 二、完型填空。（10分） most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything we give them and a child 1 hates food whet

26、her it is badly cooked. on the other hand,we have many ways to improve a childs appetite. never ask a child whether he likes or dislike a food and never_2_ what we like or dislike in front of him or let anybody else do it that way. if the father says he hates fat meat or the mother says that she ref

27、uses vegetable in the childs presence, he is more likely to copy these _3 _ .if we dont do these things, were _4_ that he likes everything and he probably will. a child should not _5_any healthy food from the meal because of a supposed dislike. at meal times it is a good _6_to give a child a little

28、food and let him _7_ back for a second helping rather than give him as _ 8_ as he is likely to eat all at once. dont talk too much to the child during meal times _9_ let them get on with his food, and dont allow him to leave the table right after a meal or he will _10_learn to swallow his food, so h

29、e can hurry back to his toys. the last tip is that we never coax a child or force him to eat the food. in this way, our children will enjoy their meals every day.1. a. seldom b. often c.usually d.always2. a. tell b. show c. talk d.feel3. a. appetites b. thoughts c.examples d.ideas4. a. easy b.hard c

30、.sure d.different5. a. forget b.lose c.know d.miss6. a. order b.advice c.idea d.plan7. a. look b.come c. return d.take8. a. much b.little c.few d.many9. a. and b.or c.because d.but10. a.hurriedly b.soon c.slowly d.fast答案：一、1-5：dacab 6-10：cdacd二、1-5：abccd 6-10：cbadb_1、 單選。(2014年七年級英語下冊期中測試附答案)1、_slee

31、ps during the day but at night he gets up and eats food.    a、a panda           b、a dog               c、a koala        &

32、#160;    d、a giraffe2、when youre hungry, where can you get something to eat?   _.     a、in a pool         b、in a restaurant         c、in a garden  

33、60;    d、in a library3、when i grow up, i want_ a football player.    a、be                    b、to be            

34、60;   c、am                    d、are4、its_ in australia when its winter in china.    a、cold                 b、h

35、ot                   c、winter               d、snowing5、look! emma is_ her bedroom. her room is always_.   a、clean, clean  

36、60;   b、clean, cleaning  c、cleaning, clean   d、cleaning, cleaning二、用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?. the beef is two_(dollar) a pound.2. we want three _(cup) of_(coffee).3. -may i take_(you) order,please? -ok.4. sam doesnt like _(carrot) or_(tomato). however,hr likes_(potato) very much.5. ho

37、w much (be) four sandwiches?6. there_ (be) a bottle of mineral water and two_(hamburger)on the table.7. you can take any_ (gift) you like.8. i dont have any_ (book) to read.9. please put this basket of _(banana) here.10. that bag of apples_(be) red.三、用“have, has” ， “there is ，there are” 或者“is there

38、，are there”填空。1. i _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a book on the desk. 3. he _ a tape-recorder. 4. they _ a nice garden. 5. what do you _ ? 6. _ a reading-room in the building? 7. what does mike _ ? 8. _ any books in the bag? 9. my father _ a story-book. 10. _ any flowers in the garden? 11.

39、how many students _ in the classroom? 12. my parents _ some nice pictures. 13. _ some maps on the wall. 14. davids friends _ some dogs. 15. _ many children on the hill.四、按要求完成句子1.there is a computer in my house. (一般疑問句) _ _ a computer in _ house? 2.there are some flowers on the teachers desk. (一般疑問句

40、) _ _ _flowers on the teachers desk ? 3.there arent any apples on the tree.(變回肯定句） there _ _ apples on the tree. 4.there is a pear in the box.(變否定句) there _ a pear in the box. 5.there are fifty students in my class.(對劃線部分提問) _ _students are there in your class? 五、語言知識運(yùn)用。根據(jù)中文意思完成句子。1.今天雞肉的價(jià)格是多少？ _tod

41、ay?2.我想要一份牛肉三明治和一杯牛奶。id_.3.爸爸認(rèn)為熱狗不健康，而沙拉又有點(diǎn)單調(diào)。dad thinks_ while_.4.游泳運(yùn)動員每天吃很多魚肉、米飯和蔬菜。swimmers_every day.5.在我們班，絕大多數(shù)學(xué)生都吃很多水果，和運(yùn)動員是一樣的。in our class, most students_ sportsmen.六、閱讀理解(a) in the morning, mr. martin comes into his garden. he sees too much snow in the garden. mrmartin wants to take his car

42、 out, so he asks a cleaner to clean the road(路) from his garage(車庫) to the gate. he says to the cleaner, “dont put any snow on the flowers or on the wall. and dont put any into the street, or the policeman will come.” then he goes out.when he comes back, the road is clean. there is no snow on the fl

43、owers, on the wall or in the street. but when he opens the garage to get his car out, he sees: it is full of snow, the snow from the road, and his car is under the snow!1、what is the weather like?_ a、its very hot.    b、its raining.      c、its cold

44、60;         d、its windy.2、who cleans the snow on the road? _ a、mr martin.      b、a policeman.    c、mrs martin.     d、a cleaner.3、why cant the cleaner put any snow into the street?

45、_ a、because theres too much snow, too.      b、because the policeman will come. c、because there are flowers in the street.   d、because theres a car in the street.4、where is the snow after the cleaner cleans the road? _ a、on the flowers.   &#

46、160;                                b、in the garage. c、in the street.            

47、0;                     d、we dont know.5、what does mr martin think of the cleaner? _ a、he is smart.                 

48、                 b、he does a right thing. c、he does a wrong thing.                  d、he helps mr martin.（b）one day mrs jones goes shop

49、ping alone(獨(dú)自地). when mr jones comes home in the evening, she begins to tell him about a beautiful dress. “i see it in a shop this morning,” she says, “and” “and you want to buy it,” says mr jones, “how much is it?” “fifteen pounds.” every evening, when mr jones comes back from work, his wife goes o

50、n talking only about the dress. and at last, after a week, he says, “oh, buy the dress! heres the money!” she is very happy. but the next evening, when mr jones comes home and asks, “have you got the famous(著名的) dress?” she says, “no.” why not?” he says. “well, it is still in the window of the shop

51、after a week. i think nobody else wants this dress. so i think it is not a good one!”1、mrs jones goes shopping_ one day. a、with mr jones                  b、with her friend c、by herself      

52、                 d、with the other woman2、mrs jones tells mr jones about the dress every day because_. a、it is really beautiful               

53、0;              b、she wants the shop c、she wants mr jones to buy it for her      d、she likes it very much3、mrs jones is very happy after_. a、mr jones agree(同意) to buy it for her b、mr jones gives her the mo

54、ney for the pants c、she gets the beautiful dress d、she sees the dress is still in the shop window4、mr jones thinks its the famous dress because_. a、it is a beautiful dress              b、it is in the shop window for a week c、his w

55、ife has it                   d、his wife talks about it again and again5、from the story we can know_. a、mrs jones is a housewife, she doesnt have much money b、mr jones doesnt like his wife c、mr jones comes home for l

56、unch every day d、mrs jones doesnt like the things if others like them（c）tom lived in a town near new york. his father had a shop there and his mother was a doctor. he was seven years old this year and began to go to school this september. it was a little far(遠(yuǎn)的) from their shop and his father drove

57、a car to take him to school five days a week. so he was never(從不) late for class and his teachers likes him very much.it was monday that day. miss green was teaching them to count(數(shù)數(shù)) from one to ten in the morning. tom was studying hard. soon he could count them. green was happy and asked, “how many people are there in your family, tom?”tom stood up and said, “two, miss.”“who are the