1， 非謂語動詞含義非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞），即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外，可以承擔句子的其他成分。2， 形式功能1， 動詞不定式： to do We plan to pay a visit. 我們計劃去參觀。He wants to be an artist. 他想成為一個藝術家。不定式在句子中充當的成分（1） 作主語：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分鐘之內完成這項工作是很難的。To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味著失敗動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分鐘之內完成這項工作是很難的。It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味著失敗。常用句式有：1、It takes sb.+some time+to do2、It+is+adj.+of sb +to do 形容詞常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise（2） 作表語：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打掃大廳。He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。（3） 作賓語：常見動詞后面加to do的有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer（4） 作賓語補足語： 如下動詞常接雙賓語：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.注：有些動詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態時，不定式要加to,如：I saw him cross the road. 我看見他橫過公路。He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看見橫過公路。2， 動名詞 動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。 動名詞的形式：V.-ing否定式：not + 動名詞Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。 （一般式）He came to the party without being invited他未被邀請就來到了晚會。（被動式）We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。（完成式）He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。（完成被動式）I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。（否定式）如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免），excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承認），deny（否認），mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒險），appreciate（感激），be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help（情不自禁地），think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stop（from），protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like3， 分詞 現在分詞：基本形式是doing過去分詞：基本形式是done（1） 表示主動/被動的概念 表示“令人.的”，用現在分詞； 表示“感到.的”或“受到.的”，用過去分詞。例：The competition is quite exciting. He was excited when he heard the news.（2） 表示“正在.的”或“即將.的”，用現在分詞； 表示“已經.的”，用過去分詞。例：The retiring teacher walked into the classroom. The retired soldier died last month.練習：1， They dont allow people here.A. smoke B.to smoke C.smoking D.to smoking2， on the sofa, my father was reading the newspaper.A. Sat B.Seat C.To sit D.Sitting3,Peter is, , a walking dictionary.A. so to tell B.to say so C.so to speak D.so to talk4,I wont consider my job at this time.A. quit B.to quit C.quitting D.to quitting5,Youd better have that bad tooth outA. pull B.to pull C.to be pulled D.pulled6,It is necessary that work today.A. to him to do B.of him to do C.for him to do D.of him doing7. It is very kind so.A. for you to do B.of you to do C.to you to do D.for you doing8,Strictly , your writing is poor.A. speak B.to speak C.speaking D.spoken9, with his sisters grades, his grades are not so good.A. Compare B.Compared C.Comparing D.By comparing10,I meant you, but I forgot.A. to say B.saying C.to tell D.telling11,Your idea, although quite good, needs out.A. try B.to try C.trying D.being tried 12,The boy stood at the sight of blood.A. horrified B.horrible C.to horrify D.horrifying13,Does anyone Mark live here?A. call B.called C.to call D.calling14,She knelt down before him, with tears down her