定語從句TheAttributiveClause匯報(bào)人：6.注意that引導(dǎo)定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別目錄考綱解讀1.定語從句的概念2.掌握定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法3.掌握“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句4.區(qū)分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句5.注意that引導(dǎo)定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別abeautifulgirlhisfathertwochildrenclothesshopthestudentsinclass我喜歡愛閱讀的女孩Ilikeagirl.Thegirllikesreading.who/that先行詞定語從句關(guān)系詞定語從句的構(gòu)成：Ilikethegirl

who/thatlikesreading.定義：定語是對名詞或代詞的修飾或限定。如果定語部分表達(dá)的內(nèi)容較多，一個(gè)詞或詞組無法表達(dá)出來，就可以用從句，固充當(dāng)定語的從句稱為定語從句。eg:不到長城非好漢Hewhodoesn'treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定語的位置）1.Thereisanemptystreet.2.Thereisastreetfullofpeople.單個(gè)的詞作定語時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的前面，作前置定語。短語作定語時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的后面，作后置定語。關(guān)系副詞先行詞在句中的成分when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)模糊地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason原因狀語【注意】先行詞為一個(gè)地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間，原因時(shí)作狀語，使用where、when，why作主語或賓語使用that/which（作賓語時(shí)還可省略）這主要看兩點(diǎn)：一：先行詞在從句中所作成分；二：定語從句中的謂語動詞是否是一個(gè)及物動詞。1.Iwillneverforgetthedays_____________wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgettheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Hangzhouisacity_______thereisabeautifullake.Hangzhouisacity__________hasabeautifullake.3.Thereason_____________hegaveisn'tbelievable.Thereason_____________hedidn'tcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.when

(that/which）wherewhy/forwhich(that/which)that/which知識結(jié)構(gòu)圖prep+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)在由“代詞/名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，先行詞指人用whom,指物用which1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.AtheseBthoseCthatDwhich2.HereareplayersfromAmerica,someof_____areouroldfriends.AthemBwhichCwhomDwhoDC注意：在這種從句中，逗號起了很重要的作用；若把逗號換成連詞and，第2例就成為了并列句，答案就應(yīng)該選A，成為：HereareplayersformAmericaandsomeofthemareouroldfriends.因?yàn)楦臑椴⒘芯浜螅瑂omeofthem是分句中的主語。1.根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞或形容詞固定搭配確定Thisisthehouse__________welivedlastyear.

2.根據(jù)先行詞來確定Thiswastheday__________Ijoinedthearmy.3.根據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的意義來確定Iboughtapairofglasses_________________Ican'tseeclearly.inwhichonwhichwithoutwhichliveinthehouseonthedaywithout....glassesThereisaholeinthewallthroughwhichwecanseewhatisgoingonintheroom.這個(gè)定語從句的先行詞是hole,先行詞與定語從句間被inthewall隔開，屬于分隔式定語從句seethroughahole4.有時(shí)需要同時(shí)考慮動詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和先行詞的搭配關(guān)系介詞若與從句中的動詞詞組有關(guān)，可置于關(guān)系代詞前，也可置于動詞后，但若介詞與動詞分開后造成歧義，則介詞不前置。e.gThisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor?Isthisthebookforwhichyouarelooking?(wrong)介詞的位置限制性定語從句VS非限制性定語從句?

Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他沒說使她生氣的話Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不發(fā)，這讓她生氣Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.(不止一位姐姐）Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.（只有一位姐姐）試比較不同限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式與先行詞之間不用逗號隔開與先行詞之間一般用逗號隔開功能與先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切，限制了先行詞的意義。如果去掉該從句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意義是先行詞的附加說明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整先行詞先行詞一般為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞先行詞既可為單個(gè)的名詞或代詞，也可為整個(gè)句子或其中一部分引導(dǎo)詞可用所有的關(guān)系代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)，且關(guān)系詞作賓語時(shí)可省略在所有的關(guān)系詞中不能用that或why引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且其他引導(dǎo)詞不能省略翻譯時(shí)譯為“......的”可譯為并列句1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,______,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what2.ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland,_____hewasburiedin1977.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./改錯(cuò)：Allthebooksthere,thathavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.exercisesBAthat改為which判定方法Itwastheclassroom_______Ifoundmykeys.Itwasintheclassroom________Ifoundmykeys.wherethat定語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句若將“Itis/was和that/who"去掉，而句中不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，則說明原句為定語從句定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別1.從語法角度上看，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何句子成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞，除了起連接作用外，還在從句中作句子成分，如主語，賓語等。e.gThenewsthatwe'llgoonapicnictomorrowisn'ttrue.

that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，進(jìn)一步說明thenews的具體內(nèi)容，that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分Thenews(that)you'veheardisn'ttrue.that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，that在從句中作賓語定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別2.從語義角度上看，同位語從句與先行詞是等同關(guān)系，一個(gè)具體，一個(gè)抽象，兩者常可轉(zhuǎn)換為主表關(guān)系，如上例可改寫為：Thenewsisthatwe'llgoonapicnictomorrow.定語從句與它前面是所屬關(guān)系，表示“.....的",如上例我們不能改寫為：Thenewsisthatyou'veheard.宜用that不用which的情況1.傳統(tǒng)的語法解釋：1.定語從句修飾的詞（先行詞）前面有形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)2.先行詞被theonly,thelast,thevery等修飾時(shí)3.先行詞是all,every(thing),some(thing),any(thing),no(thing),none,little,few等4.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)5.先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時(shí)6.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Oh,myGod!這也太難記了吧！定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)Thisisthebestfilm

that

I'veeverseen.The

onlything

thatmattersistofindourwayhome.Thefirstthingthat

weshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.Isthereanything

that

Icandoforyou?首先，我們要知道that的意思是"那一個(gè)“，是特指，具有明確的指示功能；而which的意思是”哪一個(gè)“，是有選擇性的，不具備明確的指示功能。其次，我們通過對以上例句的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，那就是定語從句先行詞的意義，不再具有選擇性，指代非常明確。總結(jié)當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞不具備選擇性時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。Whichisthedictionarythatyouwant?Who

thathassuchahomedoesn'tlove

it?為了避免重復(fù)，不用which或whoTheytalkedabout

themenandthings

that

theyrememberedatschool.which不能指人，而that既可以指人又可以指物，所以當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that1.Thisistheveryreason______weallknow.AwhyBthatCforwhichDwhich先行詞被thevery修飾，用that2.Thisisthefirstplace______Ivisitedlasttime.AwhereBinwhichCthatDhowBC3.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.AthethingBthatCwhatDwhichB先行詞是all，用that先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾，用that即學(xué)即練4.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons_____theysawafewdaysago.AthatBwhatCwhoDwhichA先行詞有人又有物時(shí)，用that5.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?AwhichBwhoCthatDwhatCwho開頭的問句中，用that即學(xué)即練2.宜用which不用that的情況(指物）介詞之后逗號之后定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)e.gHebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.3.宜用who不用that的情況定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby6:30p.m.Wedon'twantanyonewhocan'taffordthetuitionfeetodropoutofschool.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Ihavesolvedtheproblem.(關(guān)系詞作狀語）Thisistheway(that/which)hetoldustosolvetheproblem.（關(guān)系詞作賓語）1.Theway______________youanswerthequestionswasadmirable.2.Idon'tliketheway_______________youlaugh.3.Theway____________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.4.Thisistheway___________helpsmealot.(that/inwhich)(that/inwhich)(that/which)that/whichExercises5.as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別相同點(diǎn)：都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞都可指整個(gè)主句；都可在從句中作主語，賓語或表語。不同點(diǎn)：as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末，并有逗號和主句隔開；而which引導(dǎo)的從句，只可放在主句后面。as還有“正如.....","正像....."之意，而which沒有。定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.TheysaidtheywereFrench,whichwasn'ttrue.as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句首或句末as還有“正如”的意思which引導(dǎo)的從句不可放在句首不同點(diǎn)：as作為關(guān)系代詞還可用于thesame....as和such....as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Ihaveboughtthesamebook_____youhave.Iwillprovideyouwithsuchinformation_____youmayneed.asasthat也可以用在same的后面，但that和as所表示的意義是不同的。試比較：ThisisthesamepenasIusedlasttime.這和我上次使用的是同樣的筆ThisisthesamepenthatIusedlasttime.這和我上次使用的是同一支筆

注意thesame....as....和.....是同一類thesame....that...和....是同一個(gè)6.不能重復(fù)作用相當(dāng)于先行詞的詞TherearemanyplacesthatwecanvisittheminChina.ThisisthebookthatIamlookingforthebook.定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)7.表示抽象的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的詞近年來，高考對于關(guān)系副詞when和where的考查趨于復(fù)雜化，從先行詞為明顯的“時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)”發(fā)展為“模糊的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)”當(dāng)先行詞為point,situation,case,position,stage,condition,degree等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場合，階段”等抽象意義時(shí)，如果定語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句當(dāng)先行詞是time,day,season,age,occasion等表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，如果定語從句缺少時(shí)間狀語，常用when引導(dǎo)定語從句定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)Exercises1.Wehavereachedanewstage_________wehavealmostnorightsatall.2.Wearelivinginanage_______manythingsaredonebycomputer.3.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.4.Haveyoueverhadacase_______someoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?5.Occasionsarerare_______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.wherewhenwherewherewhen8.定語從句中謂語動詞的形式(1)定語從句中，若關(guān)系代詞作主語，其后從句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。e.g.Iamnotonewhoisafraidofsnakes.Don'tchooseme,whoamnotfitforthisjob.(2)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式此時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，所以定語從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式定語從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)e.g.T