試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2025年上海市閔行區二模英語試卷(考試時間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分)I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitstheblank.Interestedinwriting,photographyorcurrentevents?Lookingforanexperience1(inspire)yourcollegeessays?Orhopingtoexploreaworld-classcitywithnewfriendsthissummer?2so,checkouttheBostonUniversitySummerJournalismAcademy.It’saprogramcreatedandrunbyBostonUniversity,3highschoolstudents:●Learnfromaward-winning,workingjournalists—includingtwowho4(share)PulitzerPrizesfortheirreporting.●ReportonactualeventsaroundBostonoryourhometown.●PlacestorieswithBoston’sDailyFreePress,oneofthetopcollegenewspapers.●Improvetheirwriting,interviewing,andresearchskills—applicabletoanymajorandcareer.Theacademyofferstwooptions:5on-campus,residentialprogramoverthreeweeksforstudentswithjournalismexperience,andalearn-from-homeprogramovertwoweeksforallexperiencelevels.Forstudents6(draw)tophotography,weofferaspecialphotojournalismtrackforboth.Everyoption7(organize)inthreesections:●Classroomstartseachdaywithareviewofjournalismfundamentalsinacollegiateformat.Auniversity-leveljournalismtextbookprovidesdailyreadingsandwritingassignments.●Newsroomprovidestimeforstudentstoapply8theylearnintheclassroomtohands-onjournalismassignments.Overtherestoftheirday,studentsconductinterviewsandgatherinformation.●GuestTalksofferstudentsadviceandinsight9journalismexpertsintopicssuchasradioreportingandjournalismlearningincollege.SessionsfeatureaGuestTalkduringeachthree-weeksession.Studentsalsovisitcitynewsroomstohearfromfamousreporters.Applicationsfortheon-campussessionfromJune24toJuly12aredue:April19.Applicationsforlearn-at-homesessions10(start)fromJune17,July1,andJuly15aredue:May10.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.switch

B.cost

C.deadliest

D.flooding

E.items

F.shippingG.translates

H.packed

I.sticks

J.lightweight

K.recycle

Plasticiseverywhere,butit’snotgreatforourhealthortheplanet.Inthepast,atypicalboxfromAmazon—anonlineshoppingplatform—arrived11withplasticairpillows(枕頭)madefromflexibleplasticfilm.Whenplasticfilmisthrownaway,itoftenendsupinlandfillsorintheenvironment,includingtheoceans,whereitcaninjureandkillmarinelife.Instudiesof80marinespeciesthatdiedafterswallowingavarietyofplasticrubbish,flexibleplasticprovedtobethe12.NowAmazonannouncedthatbyOctober2024,ithadremovedallplasticairpillowsfromitsdeliverypackaging.“Wewanttomakesurethefinalpackageiseasyto13athome,”saysPatLindner,Amazon’svicepresidentofsustainablepackaging.Tomakethe14,thecompanyhadtomakesurethatareplacementwouldworkaswellastheplasticversion.Itactuallyturnedouttoperformbetter.Thenumberofpackagesthatgetdamagedinshipmentwasreduced.Amazonworkedwithsupplierstofinda15,100%recycledpaperthat’seasiertowraparoundanobjecttoprotectit.Thepaperalsotakesuplessspace,sonowmore16fitinasmallerbox.That17tousinglessgasorelectricity,inthecaseofthecompany’selectricvanstomakeadelivery.It’sawelcomechangefollowingyearsofpressurefromenvironmentalgroupstostopplasticpollution18intooceans.“Thefactthattheworld’slargeste-commercecompanyhasmadeplasticairpillowsathingofhistorygloballyisfantasticnewsfortheworld’soceans,”thenonprofitOceanasaidinastatementinresponsetoAmazon’sannouncement.Plasticischeap,butthenewsystemsavesthecompanymoneysincethere’slessriskthatsomethingwillbreakduring19andneedreplacement,Lindnersays.“Andsothefactthatwecandeliverpackagesmoresafelyandwithlessdamageisa20savingtous.”II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Languageallowsustodescribeactions,qualities,andrelationshipsinbothrealandimaginedexperiences.Akeyquestioninlinguistics(語言學)ishowlanguagesdeveloped.Recentresearchsuggeststhaticonicity—theconnectionbetweenformandmeaning—mayhaveplayedacrucialroleinthe.Peoplecan’tovercomelanguagebarriersandunderstandeachotherwithouticonicity.Weoftenuseourhandsandbodies,,toactoutmeanings,showingthesizesandshapesofobjects.Thekeytoformingnewsymbolsistheuseoficonicity.Notlimitedto,iconicityappearsinvisualcommunicationtoo.Trafficsigns,foodpackaging,andmapsalluseiconicitytomakeinformationeasytounderstand,regardlessofthe.Iconicityalsoexistsin.Toexplorethis,researchersorganizedacontestwhereparticipantsrecordedsoundstoexpressdifferentmeanings.Thesesoundscouldnotcontainactualwordsorexpressionslike“BOOM”foranexplosion.Listenersthentriedtomatchthesoundstoasetofwrittenoptions,andthecontestantwhosesoundsweremostaccuratelywonthecontest.Theresultsweresurprising—listenerssuccessfullyidentifiedtheintendedofthesounds.Yet,allthecontestantsandlistenerswereEnglishspeakers.Thus,itwaspossiblethatlisteners’successreliedonculturalknowledge.Totestifthisphenomenonexistedacross,researchersconductedabroaderInternetsurvey,translatingtheexperimentinto25languages.Participantsfromdifferentlinguisticbackgroundslistenedtothesoundsandtheirmeaningsfromsixwrittenoptions.Thefindingsshowedaccuracylevelsacrossdifferentlanguagegroups.Englishspeakershadthehighestaccuracyrateat74%,whilePortuguesespeakersscored34%.Thoughfarfromperfect,theseresultsweremuchhigherthantheexpectedchancerateof8%.Thesestudiesshowthatourcapacityforiconiccommunicationhasplayedafundamentalroleinlanguage.Iconicityenablesindividualstoexpressmeaningsinwaysthatarenotdependentonspecificlinguisticknowledge.Withoutthis,languagemayneverhavedevelopedintothecomplexsystemwehavetoday.21．A．description B．style C．interaction D．process22．A．asaresult B．inparticular C．forexample D．inotherwords23．A．objects B．formation C．understanding D．gesturing24．A．language B．evidence C．hints D．explanation25．A．cultures B．sounds C．labs D．competitions26．A．sound-imitating B．carefully-chosen C．imaginary D．shocking27．A．heard B．repeated C．interpreted D．recorded28．A．meanings B．purposes C．volume D．speed29．A．extensive B．shared C．traditional D．classic30．A．cultures B．generations C．careers D．situations31．A．added B．clarified C．acquired D．guessed32．A．similar B．varying C．satisfactory D．experimental33．A．ability B．acquisition C．evolution D．diversity34．A．skillfully B．routinely C．vividly D．entirely35．A．knowledge B．ability C．awareness D．findingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Therockdove,abirdnativetoEuropeandWesternAsia,istheancestorofthecommonurbanpigeon.SettlersintroducedrockdovestoNorthAmericainthe1600sformeatand,overtime,thesebirdsescapeddomesticationandgrewwellinurbanareas.Citieshavealottoofferpigeons,astallbuildingsandwindowshelvescanserveasnestingsitesforrockdoves.Urbanresidentsprovideplentyoffoodforpigeonseitherintentionallybyfeedingpigeonsbirdseedorbreadorunintentionallybyleavingoutfoodwaste.Inadditiontohuman-sourcedfood,pigeonshaveabroaddiet,includingseeds,berries,andinsects.Pigeonenthusiastsalsosetdomesticatedbirdsfreeintotheurbanenvironment,wheretheylaterbringforthyoung.Pigeons’abilitytoreproduceyear-roundleadstohighlynumerouspigeonsinthecity,whichisanissueforurbanwildlifemanagers.Althoughpigeonsaresociallypaired,theyliveingroupsofupto500birdsandthispersistentcongregationcancauseconsiderableconflictswithpeople.Toeaseconflictswithpigeons,managershaveusedseveralmethodstopreventpigeonpresenceorreducepigeonnumbers.Managershaveuseddeadlytoolssuchaspoisons.However,thisapproachtypicallydoesn’thavesustainedresultsbecausetheremainingpigeonsmultiplyrapidly.Further,manypoisonsarenotspecies-specificandmayharmotherurbanbirds.Otherprogramsaimedatreducingnestsuccessinvolveremovingtheeggsandreplacingthemwithfakeeggs.Theyoftenfailbecauseitcanbedifficulttoaccessnestsorattractpigeonstonesthouses.Preventingconflictsultimatelyreliesonremovingfoodsourcesforurbanpigeons.Forexample,manyurbanresidentsfeedpigeonsinparks.Thiscouldbelimitedthroughpubliceducationcampaignsorbycarryingoutfeedingregulations.36．WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforthesurvivalofpigeonsinurbanareas?A．Pigeon-friendlyclimate. B．Availabilityofhabitats.C．Richfoodsupply. D．Freeingdomesticatedpigeons.37．Theword“congregation”(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto________.A．introduction B．gathering C．reproduction D．nesting38．Fromthesentence“thisapproachtypically...”inthelastparagraph,wecaninferthattheapproach________.A．needstobeusedrepeatedly B．isnoteffectiveinthelongrunC．reducespigeonnumbersgreatly D．workswhenpigeonsmultiply39．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A．urbanpigeonstendtoactindependentlyB．itisdifficultforpigeonstoadapttocitiesC．stoppingfeedingpigeonsiskeytocontrollingtheirnumbersD．alternativemethodstoreducepigeonnumbersarebeingexplored(B)HowtoStreamlineYourProjectManagementProcessEffectiveprojectmanagementisthecornerstoneofanysuccessfulattempt.Onewaytoensuresuccessisstreamliningyourprojectmanagementprocess.Here’sastep-by-stepguidetomakinganyprojectrunsmoothly.Step1:DefineGoalsandObjectivesStartwithaclearunderstandingofyourgoalsandobjectives.Awell-definedpurposehelpskeeptheteamfocused.Step2:DevelopaComprehensiveProjectPlanIncludethekeycomponents:adetailedtimeline,taskbreakdown,resourcedistribution,budgetconsideration,andriskassessment.Step3:TrackProgressAndMilestonesUsereliabledigitaltoolstojudgewhetheryouareontrackornot.Step4:___________Assessindividualstrengthsandassigntasksaccordingly.It’salsonecessarytousetimeandfundswisely,aswellasadoptsuitabletoolstoautomatetasks.Step5:EnsureEffectiveCommunicationsTeammembersshouldcommunicateclearlyinacentralizedprojectmanagementplatformwithmessagingandcommentingfeatures.Step6:ClosetheProjectCollectfeedbackfromparticipants,documentkeylessonslearned,andstoreallproject-relateddocuments.It’salsoimportanttorecognizeteammembersfortheirefforts.Thestreamlinedprojectmanagementprocesscanbeappliedtovarioustypesofprojects,whetheryouarelaunchinganewbusinessinitiative,managingalarge-scaleeventororganizingacommunityserviceproject.40．Thispassageisintendedforprojectmanagers________.A．aimingtoimprovetheimpactoftheirprojectsB．interestedinstreamliningtheirmanagementmeetingsC．seekingtoenrichtheirmanagementknowledgeandskillsD．lookingtomaketheirprojectmanagementefficient41．WhichofthefollowingbestfitstheblankinStep4?A．ManageYourResources B．AutomateAssignmentsC．DetermineResponsibilityRange D．IdentifyLabour-savingMode42．Davidisorganizingacharityfundraiser.Arrangethefollowingquestionsheneedstoconsiderinthecorrectorderbasedontheprojectmanagementsteps.(1)Arekeyparticipantshappywitheverything?(2)HowmuchmoneyintotalcanIexpecttoraise?(3)Whichappcanbeusedtorecordtheamountofmoneycollectedatdifferenttimes?(4)Isemailaneffectivechannelforteammemberstostatetheirpoints?(5)Whattasksareyourteammembersbestat?(6)Whatarethespecifictasksinvolvedinorganizingthefundraiser?A．(2)(3)(5)(4)(6)(1) B．(6)(3)(2)(1)(4)(5)C．(2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1) D．(6)(5)(1)(2)(3)(4)(C)Foryears,peoplehavewonderedwhethercreativityisarare,inborngiftoraskillthatanyonecandevelop.Whilesomeindividualsappearnaturallygiftedinartisticorintellectualpursuits,recentstudieschallengethelong-heldbeliefthatcreativityisauniquegiftpossessedbyaselectfew.Instead,thesestudiessuggestthatcreativityisnotamysteriousquality,butaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpurposefulpractice,persistence,andtherightmindset.Takeayoungmusicianwithmoderatetalent.Studieshaveshownthatexpertmusiciansengageinapracticemethodknownas“deeppractice,”whichinvolvesbreakingcomplexpiecesintosmallerparts,repeatingchallengingsections,andidentifyingmistakeswithfocusedattention.Thismethodforcesthebraintoformnewbrainconnections,enhancingbothtechnicalabilityandoriginality.Incontrast,merelyplayingapiecerepeatedlywithoutanalyzingmistakesdoeslittletoencouragecreativity.Beyondpractice,creativitygrowsinenvironmentsthatencourageexplorationandproblem-solving.Manybreakthroughsinmusic,science,andartdonotemergefromsuddeninspirationbutratherfromsustainedeffortandexperimentation.Acomposermightspendweekstestingdifferentchord(和弦)progressionsbeforediscoveringauniquecombination.Similarly,ascientistmayconductnumerousfailedexperimentsbeforeuncoveringagroundbreakingsolution.ThomasEdison,forexample,famouslysaidthathissuccesswasbuilton“1,000waysthatwon’twork”beforeinventingthelightbulb(燈泡).Psychologistshavefoundthatindividualswhoadopta“growthmindset”—thebeliefthatabilitiescanbeimprovedthrougheffort—aremorelikelytoachievecreativesuccess.Ratherthanviewingfailureasasignofpersonallimitation,theytreatitasanopportunitytoimprovetheirskills.Thisperspectiveallowsthemtopushpastfrustrationandcontinueexperimentinguntiltheyreachabreakthrough.Incontrast,thosewitha“fixedmindset”tendtobelievethatcreativityisaninbornquality,leadingthemtogiveupmoreeasilywhenfacedwithchallenges.Whilenaturaltalentmaygiveaninitialadvantage,itisnotthedeterminingfactorinlong-termsuccess.Thebrain’sadaptabilityallowsanyonetodevelopcreativitypotentialthroughcontinuouspracticeandlearning.43．Inparagraph1,theauthor’smainargumentisintroducedby_________.A．presentingthelong-heldbelief B．providingexamplesofcreativeindividualsC．contrastingtwoopposingviews D．sharingpersonalexperiences44．TheroleoftheexampleofThomasEdisoninparagraph3is_________.A．toillustratethatfailurecanleadtosuccessB．toshowthatperseveranceisessentialforcreativityC．toemphasizethatsuccessdependsontheinitialtalentD．toarguethatfailureisthemainsourceofcreativity45．Accordingtothepassage,howdoesa“growthmindset”helpcreativity?A．Ithelpspeoplepersistthroughdifficultiesandimprove.B．Itallowsindividualstobelievetheyarenaturallygifted.C．Itencouragespeopletomakefulluseofeveryopportunity.D．Itensuresthatalleffortsleadtoimmediatesuccess.46．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Hownaturaltalentdeterminescreativity. B．Theroleofdeeppracticeincreativesuccess.C．Theconnectionbetweenfailureandinspiration. D．Thedevelopmentofcreativityasaskill.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TheManWhoInventedtheFutureKnownasthefatherofsciencefiction,JulesVerne’sworkstransportedreadersonexcitingadventuresacrosstheEarthandbeyond.Inhisimaginativenovels,Vernepennedmorethanadventurestories.47InIntheYear2889,Vernedescribedaworldwithglobalmultimediacommunication.Thecharacterisabletocommunicatewithhiswifeonanothercontinent,usingthe“phonotelephote”—adevicecapableofsendingsoundandimagesoverlongdistances.InFromtheEarthtotheMoon,Verneevenenvisionedalunarvoyagedecadesbeforethefirstactualmoonlanding.Unlikefantasiesorsupernaturaltales,Verne’sworksfocusedonimaginingthefuture.48Thisapproachlaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcentury,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofscientificaccuracy.Vernewasanadvocateofscientificprogressandinnovation.49Manyofhisstoriesfeaturebrilliantyetmadscientists.Forexample,characterslikeCaptainNemoinTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSeausetheirinventionsfordestructivepurposes,suggestingthatitishumannature,notthetechnologyitself,thatdetermineswhetheritbecomesaforceforgoodorharm.50Heshapesthewaygenerationsthinkabouttechnologyandthehumanmind’spotential.ThatisthegreatestachievementofVerne’stimelessworks.A．Buthiswritingsofferadifferentperspective.B．Verne’sinfluenceextendsfarbeyondliterature.C．Thismethodrequiredextraordinarytalentsandscientificinsights.D．Hisvisionsweregroundedinscienceandhisownthoroughresearch.E．Histalesmayreducethepopularityofsupernaturalstoriestosomeextent.F．Healsoimaginedtechnologicaladvancementslongbeforetheybecamereality.III.SummaryWriting51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Crown(樹冠)ShynessDoyouloveforestbathingortakingwalksintheforests?Thenonceinawhile,you’vewitnessedasomewhatappealingphenomenoninwhichtreecrownsintheforestseemtodeliberatelykeeptothemselvesandavoidtouchingeachother.Strangeasthismayseem,itis,infact,anaturalphenomenonandhasaname:crownshyness.Therearemanytheoriesbehindthisfascinatingphenomenon,butthemostconvincingonerelatestocompetitionanddefense.Togrowbetter,treesdependonvitalelementssuchassunlight,water,andsoilnutrients.Bymaintaininggapsbetweentheircrowns,theycanmaximizetheirintakeofthesenecessities,ensuringhealthygrowthandabalancedecosystem.Additionally,crownshynessactsasaprotectivebarrieragainstinsectsanddiseases.Thephysicalseparationbetweentreetopsreducesthespreadofharmfulorganismsandlowerstheriskofwidespreadinfectionthatcouldthreatenlargeareasoftheforest.Thisphenomenon,however,isnotuniformacrossalltrees.Theextentandintensityofcrownshynesscanvary,withsomegapssmallandotherseparationsobvious.Somepeoplemightthinkthisnaturalphenomenonismerelyarandomoccurrencewithnorealpurpose,butthisisnotthecase.Crownshynessallowseachtreetoaccessenoughsunlightbypreventingtheoverlapofbranches.Itensuresthatsunlightcanreachthelowerbranchesandleaves,promotingtheirgrowthandenablingefficientenergyproduction.Moreover,crownshynessaidsintheefficientdistributionofrainfall.Whenrainfallsthroughthetreetops,thegapsbetweentreecrownsactaschannels,guidingwatertotheforestfloor.Italsoplaysaroleinreducingwindresistance.Thegapsbetweentreecrownscreatepathwaysforwindtopassthroughtheforest,reducingpotentialdamagecausedbystrongwinds._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IV.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52．駱駝會本能地適應干旱的沙漠環境。（instinct）（漢譯英）53．這件絲綢睡衣摸起來無比柔軟，值得回購。(feel)(漢譯英)54．倘若人工智能完全取代人類勞動，那豈不是每個人都面臨失業的風險？(risk)(漢譯英)55．這座擁有百年歷史的圖書館坐落于市中心，館藏豐富，讀者可以在這里找到各種珍貴的書籍。(whose)(漢譯英)V.GuidedWriting56．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是明啟中學的高三學生李華，你的學校決定開設時長為30分鐘的體育大課間。現向同學們征集課間活動方案。你對此有一些想法，便寫信給學生會。信件內容包括：1.具體的活動安排；2.設計這些活動的理由。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁1．toinspire2．If3．where4．haveshared##shared5．an6．drawn7．isorganized##willbeorganized8．what9．from10．starting【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了波士頓大學暑期新聞學院的相關信息。1．考查非謂語動詞。句意：尋找能激發你大學論文靈感的經歷嗎？此處用不定式作后置定語，修飾experience，表示“一種用來啟發……的經歷”。故填toinspire。2．考查連詞。句意：如果是這樣，那就來看看波士頓大學暑期新聞學院吧。ifso表示“如果是這樣”，固定搭配。故填If。3．考查介詞。句意：這是一個由波士頓大學為高中生創建和運營的項目。空處引導非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞aprogram，先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關系副詞where引導該從句。故填where。4．考查時態。句意：向屢獲殊榮的在職記者學習——其中包括兩位因報道而共享普利策獎的記者。空處為句子的謂語動詞。這里可以強調過去的動作對現在的影響，用現在完成時。也可用表示過去發生的動作，用一般過去時。故填haveshared/shared。5．考查冠詞。句意：學院提供兩種選擇：一個為期三周的針對有新聞經驗學生的校園住宿項目，以及一個為期兩周的適合所有經驗水平的在家學習項目。program為可數名詞，此處表示泛指“一個校園住宿項目”，且on-campus發音以元音音素開頭，需用不定冠詞an修飾。故填an。6．考查非謂語動詞。句意：對于喜歡攝影的學生，我們為兩者都提供了專門的新聞攝影課程。空處需填非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾名詞students，二者為邏輯動賓關系，需用過去分詞形式作定語。故填drawn。7．考查時態和語態。句意：每個選項都分為三個部分。主語Everyoption與organize之間是被動關系，且此處描述的是一般情況，用一般現在時的被動語態。也可以表示將要發生的動作，用一般將來時的被動語態。故填isorganized/willbeorganized。8．考查賓語從句。句意：新聞編輯室為學生提供了將課堂上學到的知識應用到實際新聞工作中的時間。此處是賓語從句，引導詞在從句中作learn的賓語，表示“……的東西”，用what引導該從句。故填what。9．考查介詞。句意：嘉賓演講為學生提供來自新聞專家的建議和見解，主題包括廣播報道和大學新聞學習等。結合語境可知，此處表示“來自新聞專家的建議和見解”，需用介詞from。故填from。10．考查現在分詞。句意：從6月17日、7月1日和7月15日開始的在家學習課程的申請截止日期為5月10日。此處作后置定語，修飾sessions，sessions和start是主動關系，用現在分詞。故填starting。11．H12．C13．K14．A15．J16．E17．G18．D19．F20．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了亞馬遜公司為減少塑料污染，將其快遞包裝中的塑料氣枕替換為可回收紙包裝的舉措及相關益處。11．考查過去分詞。句意：在過去，來自亞馬遜——一個在線購物平臺——典型包裹到達時被裝滿了由柔性塑料薄膜制成的塑料氣枕。根據下文“withplasticairpillows(枕頭)madefromflexibleplasticfilm.”可知，“bepackedwith”符合句意，是固定短語，意為“被裝滿”，此處用過去分詞“packed”作狀語，表示被動和完成的動作，故填H。12．考查形容詞最高級。句意：在對80種因吞食各種塑料垃圾而死亡的海洋物種的研究中，柔性塑料被證明是最致命的。根據語境及定冠詞“the”可知，此處應填形容詞最高級“deadliest”，表示“最致命的”，符合句意。故填C。13．考查動詞。句意：我們希望確保最終的包裝在家里易于回收。“beeasytodosth.”是固定結構，意為“做某事是容易的”，此處需要一個動詞，“recycle”意為“回收”，符合語境，故填K。14．考查名詞。句意：為了進行這種轉變，公司必須確保替代品能像塑料版本一樣有效。“maketheswitch”是固定搭配，意為“進行轉變”符合句意，故填A。15．考查形容詞。句意：亞馬遜與供應商合作，找到了一種輕便的、100%回收的紙，這種紙更容易包裹物體以保護它。此處需要一個形容詞修飾“paper”，“lightweight”意為“輕量的，輕便的”，符合語境，故填J。16．考查名詞。句意：這種紙也占用更少的空間，所以現在更多的物品能裝進一個更小的盒子里。根據“fitinasmallerbox”可知，此處指更多的物品，“items”意為“物品”，符合語境，故填E。17．考查動詞。句意：這意味著在公司的電動貨車送貨的情況下，使用更少的汽油或電力。“translateto”是固定短語，意為“意味著，轉化為”，主語“That”是第三人稱單數，所以用“translates”，符合句意。故填G。18．考查非謂語動詞。句意：這是在多年來環保組織施加壓力要求阻止塑料污染涌入海洋之后受到歡迎的改變。“stopsth.fromdoingsth.”是固定結構，意為“阻止某物做某事”，“floodinginto”意為“涌入”符合語境，為動名詞作賓語。故填D。19．考查名詞。句意：塑料很便宜，但新系統為公司節省了資金，因為在運輸過程中東西損壞并需要更換的風險降低了。此處指在運輸過程中，“shipping”意為“運輸”，作賓語。符合語境，故填F。20．考查名詞。句意：所以我們能夠更安全地遞送包裹并且減少損壞，這對我們來說是成本的節省。“costsaving”意為“成本節省”符合語境，故填B。21．D22．C23．D24．A25．B26．A27．C28．A29．B30．A31．D32．B33．C34．D35．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要探討了語言中“象似性”（iconicity）的重要性及其在跨文化溝通中的作用，通過實驗證明象似性在語言發展和理解中的基礎性功能。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，象似性——形式與意義之間的聯系——可能在這一過程中起到了至關重要的作用。A.description描述；B.style風格；C.interaction互動；D.process過程。根據前文“howlanguagesdeveloped”可知，此處討論討論語言發展過程，故選D。22．考查短語詞義辨析。句意：例如，我們經常用手和身體做出各種動作來表現意義，展示物體的大小和形狀。A.asaresult因此；B.inparticular尤其；C.forexample例如；D.inotherwords換句話說。根據后文“actoutmeanings”可知，此處是前文內容的具體例子，故選C。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：象似性不僅局限于手勢語言，它也出現在視覺交流中。A.objects物體；B.formation形成；C.understanding理解；D.gesturing手勢。前文“Weoftenuseourhandsandbodies,2,toactoutmeanings,showingthesizesandshapesofobjects.”提到用手勢（gesturing）表達，故選D。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：交通標志、食品包裝和地圖都運用象似性，讓信息變得易于理解，而不受語言的限制。A.language語言；B.evidence證據；C.hints暗示；D.explanation解釋。根據“regardlessof”和后文“researchersconductedabroaderInternetsurvey,translatingtheexperimentinto25languages.”的跨文化實驗，可知，此處強調脫離語言的限制，故選A。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：象似性同樣存在于聲音之中。A.cultures文化；B.sounds聲音；C.labs實驗室；D.competitions比賽。后文“Toexplorethis,researchersorganizedacontestwhereparticipantsrecordedsoundstoexpressdifferentmeanings”用實驗描述用聲音表達意義，故選B。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些聲音不能包含實際的單詞，也不能有類似“BOOM”（模擬爆炸聲）這樣模仿聲音的表達。A.sound-imitating擬聲的；B.carefully-chosen精心挑選的；C.imaginary想象的；D.shocking令人震驚的。根據下文“like“BOOM”foranexplosion”可知，“BOOM”是擬聲詞的舉例，故選A。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，聽眾嘗試將這些聲音與一組書面選項進行匹配，其聲音被最準確解讀的參賽者將贏得比賽。A.heard聽到；B.repeated重復；C.interpreted解釋；D.recorded記錄。根據前文“Listenersthentriedtomatchthesoundstoasetofwrittenoptions”可知，實驗要求聽眾匹配聲音與解讀，故選C。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：結果令人驚訝——聽眾成功識別出了這些聲音想要表達的意義。A.meanings意義；B.purposes目的；C.volume音量；D.speed速度。根據前文“Toexplorethis,researchersorganizedacontestwhereparticipantsrecordedsoundstoexpressdifferentmeanings..”可知，實驗目的是理解聲音表達的意義，故選A。29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，聽眾的成功很可能依賴于共同的文化知識。A.extensive廣泛的；B.shared共有的；C.traditional傳統的；D.classic經典的。根據前文“allthecontestantsandlistenerswereEnglishspeakers.”可知，實驗參與者均為英語使用者，依賴共同文化背景，故選