課時(shí)作業(yè)(三十)選修6Unit5ThepowerofnatureⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·福建福州普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合質(zhì)量檢測)Bookingatriponanonlinetravelsiteisconvenient,buteswithitsownsetofproblems.◆Theyknowwho'sgoingtospendmore.Lastyear,UStravelresearchpanyOrbitztrackedpeople'sonlineactivitiestotestoutwhetherMacusersspendmoreontravelthanPCusers.Itturnedoutthatonaverage,Macuserslayout$20-30morepernightonhotels.Asaresult,onlinetravelsitesshowtheseusersmoreexpensivetraveloptionsfirst.Toavoidpayingmore,sortresultsbyprice.◆Theirsoftwaredoesn'talwayslinkthehotel'ssystem.Aguaranteedreservationisalmostimpossibletoebyanywhere—theriskofyourflightorhotelbeingoverbookedincreaseswiththirdpartyproviders.Themiddleman'ssoftwareisn'timmune(不受影響的)tosystemerrors,soalwayscallthehotelorairlinetomakesureyourbookingisprocessed.◆Youcouldmissoutonloyalty(忠誠)points.Thirdpartyproviderscangetbetweenyouandfrequentflyersmilesorpoints.Manyhotelloyaltyprogramsdon'trecognizeexternalsites,whileothersawardonlyminimumpointswithoutspecialoffers,likedoublepointsonhotelstays.◆Don'tbefooledbypackages:Often,they'relow-enditemsgroupedtogether.Evernoticedhowtravelsitesremendahotel,arentalcar,andtourpackagesallinoneclick?Thesedealsusuallyfeaturetravelthatnoonewants,likeflightswithmultiplelayovers(中途停留).Checkthefine_print.◆Onceyourtripispurchased,you'reonyourown.Anonlinetravelagencycan'tprovideassistancethesamewayanagentcanifaflightiscancelledoraroomissubstandard.Basically,whenyouarriveattheairportorhotel，you'rejustanothercustomerwhobookedatthelowestrate.【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。雖然在線預(yù)訂旅游方便快捷，但是仍然有一系列的問題，包括消費(fèi)增加、第三方平臺軟件有時(shí)無法連上賓館系統(tǒng)、錯(cuò)失消費(fèi)積分、受網(wǎng)上旅游包服務(wù)項(xiàng)目欺騙等。【難句分析】Anonlinetravelagencycan'tprovideassistancethesamewayanagentcanifaflightiscancelledoraroomissubstandard.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中ifaflightiscancelledoraroomissubstandard為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。譯文：如果航班取消或房間不合規(guī)范，在線旅行社將無法像線下旅行社那樣提供幫助。1.Whatdoesthewritermainlyintendtotellreaders?A．Tipsofhowtoreserveflightsonline.B．Problemsofreservingahotelonline.C．Noticesaboutreservingatriponline.D．Trapsinreservinghotelsandflightsonline.答案與解析：C考查寫作意圖。通讀全文可知，第一段“Bookingatriponanonlinetravelsiteisconvenient,buteswithitsownsetofproblems”為文章主題句。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要觀點(diǎn)是：雖然在線預(yù)訂旅游方便快捷，但是仍然有一系列的問題；據(jù)此可知，本文旨在提醒讀者注意在線預(yù)訂旅游過程中的一系列問題，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在flightsonline，與第一段第一句“Bookingatriponanonlinetravelsiteisconvenient,buteswithitsownsetofproblems”的表述不符；B、D項(xiàng)僅為文章的細(xì)節(jié)之一，無法說明全文的目的。2.Whydopeopleprobablyspendmoreontheironlinereservationsfortrips?A．Theybookatpricesofferedfirstbytravelsites.B．Theyareshownlessexpensivetraveloptionsfirst.C．SomeofthetravelexpensesareearnedbyMacusers.D．Theirflightsorhotelsareoverbookedbytouristagencies答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第二、三句“Itturnedoutthatonaverage,Macuserslayout$20-30morepernightonhotels.Asaresult,onlinetravelsitesshowtheseusersmoreexpensivetraveloptionsfirst”可知，在線預(yù)訂的旅館價(jià)格較高是因?yàn)樵诰€旅行網(wǎng)站會先向用戶展示價(jià)格更高的選擇，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlined“fineprint”？A．Detaileditems.B．Discountedprices.C．Gooddeals.D．Specialservices.答案與解析：A考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)該段標(biāo)題“Don'tbefooledbypackages:Often,they'relow-enditemsgroupedtogether”可知，該段主要提醒在線預(yù)訂旅行的顧客不要受網(wǎng)上旅游包服務(wù)項(xiàng)目欺騙。結(jié)合該句“Checkthefine_print”可以判斷，該處表示要仔細(xì)檢查服務(wù)條款，故A項(xiàng)正確。4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thethirdpartieswillprovidegoodtravelservicesonline.B．Fewpeoplebooktripsonlinebecauseofpossibletroubles.C．Travelers'interestsmaynotbeguaranteedwithbookingonline.D．Thosebookingtripsonlinewillbenefitmuchfromloyaltypoints.答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了在線預(yù)訂旅游的一系列問題，包括消費(fèi)增加、第三方平臺軟件有時(shí)無法連上賓館系統(tǒng)、錯(cuò)失消費(fèi)積分、受網(wǎng)上旅游包服務(wù)項(xiàng)目欺騙等。據(jù)此可以判斷，網(wǎng)上預(yù)訂的旅行無法保證旅行者的利益，故C項(xiàng)正確。B(2018·河北石家莊高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測二)It'scoldanddarkoutside,andyourbedissowarmandfortable.Goingforarunseemslikesuchabadidea.Butbeforeyouhideyourrunningshoes,itmightbeworthgivingthatcrazyideaago.AccordingtoTheHuffingtonPost,anoutdoorruninwinter,asopposedtooneonatreadmill(跑步的),burnsmorecaloriesbecausethebodyisworkinghardtoregulate(調(diào)節(jié))itscoretemperature.Furthermore,researchshowsthatracetimesarefasterincoldweatherthaninwarmertemperatures—andquickerrunsburnmorecalories.Similarly,coldweatheralsomakestheheartworkhardertodistributebloodthroughthebody,makingthatvitalmuscleevenstronger.Outdoorexercisealsoturnsupyourenergyandridsyouofthestressanddepressionthatbuildupeveryday.Theheatandhumidityinsummercandragyoudownandtireyoufaster,butcoldweatherisrefreshing.Itadjustsyoutoyoursurroundings,makingyoufeelalive.Ofcourse,thethreatofsmoginsomebuilt-upareasisafurtherhurdletowinterexercise.Heartattacks,strokes,lungcancerandasthmaarealldangersofrunninginsmog.Thebinationofairpollutionandexerciseincreasesthepotentialproblems.Ifyoudochoosetorunoutsideonsmoggydays,takeapathinaparkorresidentialareatoavoidcarexhaust(廢氣),andgoearlyinthemorning,beforerushhour.Butstayinginsideonsmoggydaysandwaitingforthenextcleardaytorunisbest.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了冬季戶外跑步的意義和方法。冬季戶外跑步能燃燒更多的熱量，讓肌肉更強(qiáng)健，心臟更健康，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)避免在霧霾時(shí)進(jìn)行戶外活動。【難句分析】Outdoorexercisealsoturnsupyourenergyandridsyouofthestressanddepressionthatbuildupeveryday.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中thatbuildupeveryday為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞thestressanddepression。譯文：戶外鍛煉還可以讓你更有活力，并能消除你每天積累起來的壓力和沮喪。5．Howdoescoldweatherbenefitrunners,paredwithwarmweather?A．Theycanrunmoreslowly.B．Theycantakeinmorecalories.C．Theirheartscanfunctionharder.D．Theirbodytemperaturecangetlower.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“benefit”和“paredwithwarmweather”可將答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly...makestheheartworkhardertodistributebloodthroughthebody,makingthatvitalmuscleevenstronger”可知，與溫暖的天氣相比，在寒冷的天氣里戶外跑步能使心臟更健康，故C項(xiàng)正確。6.Howdoessummeraffectrunners?A．Itbuildsuptheirenergyquickly.B．Itmakesrunnerstiredeasily.C．Itlessensrunners'stress.D．Itcausesheartattacks.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“Theheatandhumidityinsummercandragyoudownandtireyoufaster”可知，夏季的炎熱和濕氣容易讓跑步的人很快就感到疲勞，故B項(xiàng)正確。7.Whataretherunnerssupposedtodoonsmoggydays?A．Stopdrivingcars.B．Domoreexercise.C．Avoidoutdoorexercise.D．Runlateinthemorning.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Butstayinginsideonsmoggydaysandwaitingforthenextcleardaytorunisbest”可知，如果有霧霾，最好待在室內(nèi)，等到天氣晴朗時(shí)再跑步，故C項(xiàng)正確。8.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．RefreshwithaWinterRunB．TakeOutdoorExerciseinSummerC．GotoRuninaParkD．FollowtheTipstoReduceStress答案與解析：A考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了冬季早晨戶外跑步的意義和方法。冬季跑步能燃燒更多的熱量，讓肌肉更強(qiáng)健，心臟更健康，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)避免在霧霾天氣進(jìn)行戶外活動。據(jù)此可以判斷，A項(xiàng)最能概括文意，故A項(xiàng)正確。C(2018·云南高三年級11校跨區(qū)調(diào)研考試)Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethinginmonwithguitarstrings.Thelong,thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate(振動).Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft,naturally-madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar,aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies(頻率).Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourtship(求愛),solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey'reamale,butthey'retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself-madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【文章大意】本文介紹了蜘蛛吐出的蛛絲可以傳播不同頻率的振動，這些振動讓它們知道蜘蛛網(wǎng)上落下了什么東西并且這些振動在求愛中也非常重要。【難句分析】Theyarealsoimportantincourtship(求愛),solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatther'reamale,butthey'retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。本句含有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句以及that和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。譯文：振動在求愛方面也很重要，所以很多雄蜘蛛會制造一種獨(dú)特的音樂形式，雌蜘蛛不僅可以憑此確定它們的性別，還能確定它們的物種，以及它們是否愿意交配。9．Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A．Throughitssenseofsight.B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.D．Throughamusicalpattern.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通過蛛網(wǎng)的振動知道有東西落到蛛網(wǎng)上了。故選B項(xiàng)。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Insects.B．Strings.C．Spiders.D．Vibrations.答案與解析：A考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知，蜘蛛在它們的蛛網(wǎng)上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆蟲。它們制造出傳遍整張蛛網(wǎng)的小振動。所以They指代的是昆蟲。11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.D．Thetightnessofsilkcan'tbeadjustedonceit'smade.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛網(wǎng)的緊密度對蜘蛛捕獵至關(guān)重要，故選C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethinginmonwithguitarstrings”可知，蛛網(wǎng)和吉他弦有一些共同之處，故排除A。根據(jù)第三段的“solotsofmaleswillactually...they’reamale”可排除B。根據(jù)第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial…inthemiddleoftheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的緊密度，它們可以有效地調(diào)整蛛網(wǎng)的屬性，故可排除D項(xiàng)。12.Thetextmainlytellsreaders______________.A．guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB．spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC．spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD．vibrationsarevitalinaspider'slife答案與解析：D考查主旨大意。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，尤其是“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate，orsomethingtastytoeat”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。D(2018·濟(jì)南模擬)Tea,themosttypicalEnglishdrink,becameestablishedinBritainbecauseoftheinfluenceofaforeignprincess,CatherineofBraganza，thequeenofCharlesⅡ.AsaloverofteasinceherchildhoodinPortugal,shebroughttea-drinkingtotheEnglishroyalcourtandsetatrendforthe_beverageinthe17thcentury.Thefashionsoonspreadbeyondthecircleofthenobilitytothemiddleclasses,andteabecameapopulardrinkattheLondoncoffeehouseswherepeoplemettodobusinessanddiscusseventsoftheday.Manyemployersservedacupofteatotheirworkersinthemiddleofthemorning,thusinventingalastingBritishinstitution,the“teabreak”.However,drinkingteainsocialsettingsoutsidetheworkplacewasbeyondthemeansofthemajorityofBritishpeople.Itcamewithahighpricetagandteawastaxedaswell.Around1800,theseventhDuchessofBedford,AnnaMariaRussell,beganthepopularpracticeof“afternoontea”，aceremonytakingplaceataboutfouro'clock.Untilthen,peopledidnotusuallyeatordrinkanythingbetweenlunchanddinner.Atapproximatelythesametime,theEarlofSandwichpopularizedanewwayofeatingbread—inthinslices,withsomethinglikejamorcucumbersbetweenthem.Beforelong,asmallmealattheendoftheafternoon,involvingteaandsandwiches,becamepartoftheBritishwayoflife.Asteabecamemuchcheaperduringthe19thcentury,itspopularityspreadrightthroughallcornersoftheBritishsociety.Thus,teabecameBritain'sfavoritedrink.Inworking-classhouseholds，itwasservedwiththemainmealoftheday,eatenwhenworkersreturnedhomeafteraday'slabor.Thismealhasbeeknownas“hightea”.Today,teacanbedrunkatanytimeoftheday,andaccountsforovertwo-fifthsofalldrinksconsumedinBritain—withtheexceptionofwater.【文章大意】本文介紹了茶在英國的發(fā)展歷史及其受歡迎的原因。13.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutteainthetext?A．ItsdevelopmentinBritain.B．Itstraditionalwaysofdrinking.C．Itsinfluencearoundtheworld.D．ItspopularityinEurope.答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。從文章第一段的“inthe17thcentury”、第二段的“Around1800”及第三段的“duringthe19thcentury”可知，本文主要介紹了茶在英國的發(fā)展。故選A項(xiàng)。14.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thebeverage”probablyreferto?A．Teadrinking.B．Asmallmeal.C．Awayofeatingbread.D．Achoiceofdrinks.答案與解析：A考查詞義猜測。從文中的“shebroughttea-drinkingtotheEnglishroyalcourtandsetatrendforthe_beverage”可知，她把喝茶的習(xí)慣帶到了英國皇室并開啟了英國人喝茶的潮流，故選A項(xiàng)。15.WhywasteaunabletobeacceptedasamondrinkinBritaininthe17thcentury?A．ItwasmerelyservedinLondon.B．Itwastaxedasanalcoholicdrink.C．Itwasforbiddeninbusinesssettings.D．Itwastooexpensiveformostpeople.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從文章第一段的“However，drinkingteainsocialsettingsoutsidetheworkplacewasbeyondthemeansofthemajorityofBritishpeople.Itcamewithahighpricetagandteawastaxedaswell”可知，17世紀(jì)，在英國茶不能作為一種普遍的飲料的原因是對大多數(shù)英國人來說，它的價(jià)格高并被征稅。故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“merely”文中未提及；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“alcoholic”，文中并未提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“forbiddeninbusinesssettings”，與文章第一段的內(nèi)容不符。Ⅱ.七選五(2018·長郡中學(xué)新高三實(shí)驗(yàn)班選拔考試)Weeatinourcars,atourdesks,onthego,andinfrontoftheTV.Weeattake-out,packagedandpreparedmeals.Why?Becauseitfitsournot-enough-time-in-the-daylifestyles.__1__Well,I'mcertainlynotthefirstonetothinkitorsayit,butweallneedtoslowdown.Consumertrendsaroundtheglobeshowthatoverthepastthreedecadespeoplearepurchasingmorepreparedfoodsatgroceriesandeatingoutmorethaneverbefore.It'spredictedthatwe'llspendmoreatrestaurantsintheingyears.__2__However,we'regettinglesshealthy.Whiledebatescanbeseenindifferentmediaoverthefoodindustry'scontributiontoourgrowingwaistlinesandourhealthproblems,thebottomlineisthis：__3__Wecanchoosetoeatafast-foodlunchonthego.Wecanthrowafrozenmealinthemicrowaveandcallitdinner.Wecaneatwithoutthinking,infrontofthetube,atourputers,andwhiledrivingacar.__4__Studieshavesh