Session1Verbsanditsclassification

動(dòng)詞

?動(dòng)詞分類

*動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

?詞根詞綴

Partone動(dòng)詞的分類

1.及物動(dòng)詞TransitiveVerb和不及物動(dòng)詞IntransitiveVerb

英語(yǔ)中根據(jù)動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語(yǔ)，可把動(dòng)詞分成不及物動(dòng)詞與及物動(dòng)詞。

及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)?？梢杂糜冢?主+謂+賓"；"主+謂+雙賓"；"主+謂+賓+賓

補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.

Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.

Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.

不及物動(dòng)詞后不能跟賓語(yǔ)，只能用于"主+謂"結(jié)構(gòu)

ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived.

不及物動(dòng)詞如果要加賓語(yǔ)，必須在其后先添加介詞，如t。,of,at,然后可加上賓語(yǔ)。不及

物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Studentsarelisteningtothemusic.

Shealwayslaughsatme.

2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞PredicativeVerb和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Non-predictiveVerb

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、和

助動(dòng)詞等。

Heworksveryhard.

Mymotherbringsmeanumbrella.

Itisasunnydaytoday.

Lilycanswimwell.

Tomwillbecomeascientistwhenhegrowsup.

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又叫非限定動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定

式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)

立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。

PartTwo動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)種類時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(SimplePresentTense)write(writes)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(SimplePastTense)wrote

一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)(SimpleFutureTense)will(shall)write

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)(PastFutureTense)should(would)write

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(PastPresentTense)be(was,were)writing

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(SimplePresentTense)be(am,is,are)writing

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(PresentPerfectTense)have(has)written

過(guò)去完成時(shí)(PastPerfectTense)hadwritten

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(PresentPerfectProgressivehave(has)beenwriting

tense)

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(PastPerfectProgressivetense)hadbeenwriting

?句子填空：選用括號(hào)里的詞的正確形式完成句子

1.Hekeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture(belong)tothewell-

educated.

2.Ifhe(follow)myadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.

3.Tomislookingforthewatchhisuncle(give)himlastmonth.

4.You'dbetterstayuntiltherain(stop).

5.1(ride)mybicycletothebookshopwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.I

wasallwetthrough.

Partthree動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。主要有下列幾種情況：不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;

沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者；句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

以tell為例，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成如下：

時(shí)態(tài)種類被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(am,is,are)told

一般過(guò)去時(shí)be(was,were)told

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

be(amzis,are)beingtold

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have(has)beentold

一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall(will)betold

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)be(was,were)beingtold

過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeentold

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should(would)betold

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

can(mayzmust)betold

尸0句子填空：選用括號(hào)里的詞的正確形式完成句子

1.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings(build)inourschoolin

thenextsemester.

6.Mymotherisn'tathomenow.She(ask)togoshopping.

PartFour非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受主語(yǔ)的限定，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，具有名詞、開鄉(xiāng)容詞和副詞的特征，在

句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。故又稱非限定動(dòng)詞。

不定式

1.Tofinishtheworkin10minutesisveryhard.

2.Hisjobistocleanthehall.

3.Myteacherorderedustofinishthehomework.

4.Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.

動(dòng)名詞

Readingaloudisveryhelpful.

Intheantcity,thequeensjobislayingeggs.

Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?

Theyhaven7tfinishedbuildingthehouse.

現(xiàn)在分詞

Inthefollowingyears,heworkedevenharder.

Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.

Youcanhearhersinginginthenextroom.

Workinginthefactory,heisanadvancedworker.

過(guò)去分詞

Thewindowisbroken.

Ourclasswentonanorganizedtriplastweek.

Praisedbyhisneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.

曾

1u句子填空：選用括號(hào)里的詞的正確形式完成句子

1.WhenIarriveathome,Ismellsomething(burn)inthekitchen.

2.1havealotofreadings(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.

3.(encourage)bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetup

windfarmsontheirland.

4.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit(grow)onhisown

farm.

5.Hisfirstbook(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.

6.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone(repair)firstis

thelibrary.

Partfive詞根詞綴

一個(gè)單詞可由前綴+詞根+后綴組成。詞根可以是表示實(shí)際意義的詞，前綴與后綴通常

不能單獨(dú)用作單詞，只能附加在實(shí)義詞上表示一定意義，前綴多用來(lái)限定單詞的功能與方

向，后綴多用來(lái)引導(dǎo)詞性。

①常見的動(dòng)詞詞綴

en如sharpen,strengthen,threaten,enlarge,enable

ate如frustrate,demonstrate,differentiate

fy使……化，如beautify,satisfy,terrify,purify

ize使...成為，如realize,organize,specialize,globalize

②常見的名詞詞綴

-ce如difference,importance,entrance

-or/er如actor,visitor,writer,speaker,reader,player

-ment如development,management,movement,encouragement

-tion如discussion,collection,education,production,introduction

③常見的形容詞綴

-able如comfortable,suitable,reliable,reasonable,fashionable

-ous如dangerous,adventurous,mysterious

-ful如handful,mouthful,careful,sorrowful

選詞成句：選擇合適的單詞完成下列各句

1.Thousandsofforeigners(A)attendedtotheBeijingOlympic

Games.(B)attained

(C)attracted

(D)attached

■

「kHomework

1.一Howabouttheexhibitionyesterday?

—Itwasverynoisy,butthatdidn'tme.

A.impress

B.hurt

C.change

D.bother

2.—Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?

—Sorry.Iprefer____ratherthan

A.togoout;stayathome

B.tostayathome;goout

C.stayingathome;togoout

D.goingout;stayathome

3.WorldExpo2010ShanghaiChinapeoplefromallovertheworldtothe

theme"BetterCity,BetterLife".

A.attends

B.attracts

C.allows

D.advises

4.Theyoungmanusedtotowork,butheisusedtotoworknow.

A.drive;walking

B.drove;walked

C.drive;walks

D.driving;walk

5.—Look!Thereisatalltreeoverthere.Canyou,Dave?

—Yeszletmeatry.

A.fallitoff;make

B.senditup;tohave

C.comeitdown;give

D.climbitup;have

6.—It'sraining,Daisy.Pleaseanumbrellawithyou.

—Thanks.I'llreturnittoyouwhenIbacknextweek.

A.take;come

B.take;willcome

C.bring;come

D.bring;willcome

7.—TheSummerPalaceiswonderful.Haveyouevervisitedanyother

interestingplaces?

—Yes.Also,wetotheGreatWall.

A.havegone

B.havebeen

C.hadgone

D.hadbeen

8.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsagowhenweataradiostationtogether.

A.haveworked

B.hadbeenworking

C.wereworking

D.hadworked

9.一I'mafraidnoonewillagreeyou.

—Idon'tthinkit.

A.with;minds

B.with;matters

C.on;works

D.in;trouble

10.Whenyouatthedoor,ITVwithmyparents.

A.knocked;watched

B.wasknocking;watched

C.knocked;waswatching

D