職稱英語(yǔ)資格考試模擬試題

詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)

句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分

確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

1、Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.

out

off

in

up

2、Theecononycontinuedtoexhibitsignsof

deciineinSeptentoer.

3、Thistabieisstronganddurable.

4、HeenduredgreatpainbeforehefinalIyexpired.

5、Thegirlisgazingatherseifintheniirror.

6、ThepriceofvegetablesfIuctuatesaccording

tothev^eather.

7、Didyoudothattoirritateher?

8、IVferyIookedpaleandv\eary.

9、The\Aaterinthispartoftheriverhasbeen

contarmnatedbysev\age（污水）.

10、Hertreatnentofthesubjectisexhaustive.

11、Thesearetheirm）tivesfordoingit.

12、Theriverwdensconsiderablyasitbeginsto

turnv\est.

13、HenrycannotresisttheIureofdrugs.

14、Theseprogransareofintensevaluetoold

people.

15、Agreatdealhasbeendonetorenedythe

situation.

CosneticSurgery

Surgerythatcaninprovethev\ayapersonIooksis

beconiingn?reandrra）repopularintheUhitedStates.

ThiskindofsurgeryiscalIedcosneticsurgery,and

bothnenandv\onenareturningtothistreatmentasa

wayofkeepingtheirappearanceyoungasv\elIaskeeping

conpetitive（有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的）intheirjobs.Wnespecially

arebeginningtoturntoface-lifts（面部拉皮手術(shù)），

Iiposuction（takingfatoutofthebody）,andinplants

（puttingartificialpartsintotheirbodies）tohelp

themIookyounger.Asconpaniesdownsize（縮編）and

nwveyoungererrployeesintohigherpositions,older

enployeesintheirIatefortiesandearlyfiftiesfeel

theneedtoIookandactyoungerinordertostay

operationsarenotwthoutdangers,hov^ver.

Cheyoungv\onanhadaneyeoperationtogetridof

thebagsunderhereyes.Shedescribedherexperience

assaid,"Wienhestartedcutting,Iv\asfulIy

thoughhe'dgivenneaninjectionnearnyeyes,Isaw

everything."Shev\entontoexplain,"IknewIhad

tokeepstillbecauseofvtiathev\asdoing.Hev\as

scraping（舌U）av\ayfatunderneathnyeyes.Ittookabout

tennhnutes.Afterhefinished,IfeltIcouldn't岫Ik.

I\Aassofaint."Hertroublesdidnotendafterthe

operationfortv\ov\eeks.Hereyesv\ereS\AOIIen（腫

月長(zhǎng)的）andaln?stconpletelyclosed,andevendark

glassescouldnothidethesideeffectsofthe

operation.

Liposuction,takingfatoutofthebody,is

probablythen?stpopularcosneticoperationinthe

UhitedStates.Itseenssinpleenough.First,asnalI

cutisnadeovertheplace汕erethepatientv\antsthe

fat,asnalIpipeisputintothecut.AnachineIike

avacuumcleaneristhenusedtosuckthefatoutof

thebody.Hov^ever,asonedoctorexplained,sone

probleracalIhappenaftertheoperation.Hev\arned,

"IrregularIunpsandIooseskincanresetfromthis

operation.Ifitisnotevenlydone,Iiposuctioncan

produceaveryIunpyresult."

Patientsoftenmisthavem)reIiposuctionto

correcttheproblem

問(wèn)題

Cosneticsurgeryisn?repopularintheIEthan

anyvtiereelse.

n?ntioned

17、Thev\ayananIookshaslittletodowththe

jobopportunitieshenayhave.

nentioned

18、Therearehardlyanyrisksinvolvedincosnetic

operations.

nentioned

19、Theyoung\Aonanv\asbynon?anssatisfiedwth

theeyeoperation.

nentioned

20、Theeyeoperationv\assuchafaiIurethatthe

\Aonanrefusedtopayforit.

nentioned

21、hbteveryoneisagoodcandidatefor

Iiposuction.

nentioned

22、SonetinesIiposuctionpatientsnayhaveto

undergonorethanoneoperation.

nentioned

Cloning（克隆）:FuturePerfect?

1.AcloneisalIexactcopyofaplantoraninal

producedfromanyonecelI.SineeScottishscientists

reportedthattheyhadnanagedtocloneasheepnaned

DolIyin1997,researchintocloninghasgrovnrapidly.

In腳1998,scientistsinIVftssachusettsrranagedto

createtv\oidenticalcalves（牛犢）usingcloning

technology.Arra）usehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfulIy.

ButthedebateovercloninghunansrealIystarted汕en

ChicagophysicistRichardSeednadeasurprising

announcenent:"捱W11havenanagedtocloneahunan

beingwthinthenexttv\oyears,"hetoldtheId.

2.Seedsannouncen?ntprovokedaIotofn?dia

attention,nwstofitEurope,nineteennationshave

alreadysignedanagreenentbanninghunancloningand

intheUSthePresidentannounced,“%v\HIbe

introducingaIawtobanalIhunancloningandnany

statesintheIBw11havepassedanti-cloningIav\sby

theendoftheyear.

3.Nftnyresearchersarenotsonegativeabout

cloning,theyarewjrdedthatIav\sbanninghunan

cloningw11threateninportantresearch.Inl\^rch,The

l\hwEnglandJournalof收dicinecalIedanyplantoban

researchoncloninghunansseriouslyniistaken.kftny

researchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptsto

banit,hunancloningw11havebeeoneroutineby2016

becauseitisinpossibleto.stoptheprogressof

science.

4.Istherereasontofearthatcloningw11Iead

toanightnarew）rld?Thepublichasbeenbontoarded（轟

炸）wthne\ASpaperarticles,televisionshov\sand

fiIns,asv\elIcartoons.Suchinfornationisoften

niisleading,andnakespeoplevoider汕atonearththe

scientistsw11bedoingnext.Wthinthenextfiveto

tenyearsscientistsw11probablyhavefoundav\ayof

cloninghunans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonv\eW11

beabletochoosethepersonthatv\ev\antourchiIdto

Iookhowv^oulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundreds,

theanti-clonersask.Prettycool,ansv^erthe

pro-cloners（贊成克隆的人）.

問(wèn)題

23、Paragraph1.

24、Paragraph2.

25、Paragraph3.

26、Paragraph4.

youstand汕iIev\aitingtocross

youv\alk

yousitonabus

yougotobed

polIutionIeveIsrise

yougetup

27、RichardSeedclainedtobeableto

clone.

28、RichardSeedsannouncerrentreceived

29、TheUhitedStatesw11iintroduce

30、Wthintenyearsscientistsw11probably

have.

rushhours

springandautumn

toxicair

auturrmandwnter

exposuretonuclearradiation

thedovnwndside

CrystalEar

OnedayafriendaskednywfeJi11ifIventeda

hearingaid,"Hecertainlydoes."repliedhearing

aboutarenarkablenewproductJillfinalIygotupne

nervetoaskneifI'deverthoughtaboutgettinga

hearingaid."l\b岫y.”Isaid."Itv\ouldnakeneIook

20yearsolder.""ND,no,“shereplied."Thisis

entirely'sCrystalEar!"Jillv\asEaris

different—nottheold-styIedbodyw）rnor

over—the—earanadvancedpersonalsoundsystemso

snalIthatit'sIikecontacts（隱形眼鏡）foryour

CrystalEarissupersensitiveandpo\Aerful,w11hear

soundsyourearshavebeen

niissingforEarw11nakespeechIouder,andthe

soundispureandnatural.

Icouldn'tbelievehowtinyitissnalIerthan

thetipofnyIittlefingerandit'salm）stinvisible

Wienarenowres,nobehind—the—earitinyourear

anditsv\earn?ld（形狀）fitsit，snottooIoudortoo

fight,younayevenforgetthatyouzre\Aearingit!Lbe

itatv\orkoratifyourhearingproblemis\Aorsein

certainsituations,useCrystalEaronly汕enyouneed

it.

HearingIoss,vtiichoccurstypicalIypriorto

teenageyears,progressesthroughoutone'sIife

hearingIossisnowthe\Aorldsnuntoeronehealth

probiem,nearIy90percentofpeoplesufferinghearing

IosschoosetoIeavetheproblemrranyrm11ions,

treatinghearingIossinaconventionalv\aycaninvolve

nunerousofficevisits,expensivetestingand

adjustnentstofityourtoCrystalEar,the"sound

solutionf,isnow90percentofpeoplewthniild

hearingIoss,andnh11ionsn?rewthjustalittle

hearingdrop—off,canbedranaticalIyhelpedwth

Crystal

,itssuperiordesignisenergy—efficient,so

batteriescanIastEarisnowavaiIabletohelpthese

peopletreattheirhearingIosswthasnalIhearing

arrplifier（放大器）.

問(wèn)題

InitialIythewiterdidnot岫nttobuyahearing

aidbecause.

\AOUIdnakehimlookold

v\ouldnakehimnervous

v\astooexpensive

v\asold—styled

32、WiichofthefolIowngisNOTtrueofCrystal

Ear?

ishighlysensitive.

ispo\Aerful.

isinvisible.

iswreless.

33、OnespecialfeatureofCrystalEaris

that.

cancontrolitsvolune

needn'ttakeitoffeveryday

issolar?pov^red

savespov\er

34、Accordingtothepassage,hearingIoss

is______.

anilnorhealthproblem

v\orldsn?stcoironhealthproblem

ateenagedisease

incurabledisease

35、l\^nypeopleIeavetheirhearingproblem

untreated,because.

isnotserious

EarisnotyetavaiIable

isnoteasytohaveittreated

don,tv\anttoIookold

36、根據(jù)下列材料，回答36-50題

APhoneThatKnov\sYoi/reBusy

It'sam）demproblemyou'retoobusytobe

disturbedbyincessant（連續(xù)不斷的）phonecalIssoyou

turnyourcelIphoneifyoudon'trerrontoertoturn

itbackonvtienyou7reIessbusy.Youcouldrrhssson?

inportantcalIsifonlythephoneknewvtienit\ASSWse

tointerruptyou,you\ADUIdn'thavetoturnitoffat

alI.Instead,itcouldIetcalIsthroughv^ienyouare

nottoobusy.

Abunchofbehaviorsensors（傳感器）andaclever

pieceofsoftv\arecoulddojustthat,byanalyzingyour

behaviortodeternilneifit'sagoodtinetoiinterrupt

you.Ifbui11intoaphone,thesystemnaydecide

you7retoobusyandaskthecalIertoIeaveanessage

orringbackIater.

JanesFogartyandScottHudsonatCan?gieMIon

UhiversityinPennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiItiny

nilcrophones,canerasandtouchsensorsthatrevealbody

Ianguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudy

differentbehaviorstofindout汕ichonesstrongly

predictvtietheryourniindisinterrupted.

Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedon

includedvtiethertheofficedoorsv\ereIeftopenor

closed,thetineofday,ifotherpeoplev^erewththe

personinquestion,howclosethey\Aeretoeachother,

and汕etherornottheconputerv\asinuse.

Thesensorsn?nitoredtheseandnanyotherfactors

汕iIefoursubjectsv\ereat\Aork.Atrandomintervals,

thesubjectsratedhowinterruptibletheyv\ereona

sealerangingfrom"highlyinterruptible"to

"highlynot-interruptible,z.Theirratings\Aerethen

correlatedwththevariousbehaviors."Itisa

shotgun（隨意的）approach:v\eusedalItheindicators

v\ecouldthinkofandthenIetstatisticsfindoutvtiich

\Aereinportant,"saysHudson.

Themodelshovedthatusingthekeyboard,and

taikingonaIandlineortosoneoneelseintheoffice

correlatedm）ststronglywthhowinterruptiblethe

subjectsjudgedthenselvestobe.Interestingly,the

conputerv\asactualIybetterthanpeopleatpredicting

vtiensoneonev\astoobusytobeconputergotitright

82percentofthetighunans77percent.Fogarty

speculatesthatthisnilghtbebecausepeopledoingthe

interruptingareinevitablybiasedtov\ardsdelivering

theirnessage,vtiereasconputersdon'tcare.

ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty's

systemisIikelytobeinaninstantnessagingsysterp

folIov\edbyofficephonesandcelIphones."Thereis

notechnologicalroadblock（障礙）toitbeingdeployed

inacoupleofyears,"saysHudson.

問(wèn)題

Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat.

misttoleratephonedisturbancesorniissinportant

calIs.

mistturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhones

quiet.

havetoswtchfromadesktopphonetoacelIphone,

aretoobusytonakephonecalIs.

37、Thebehaviorsensorandsoftv\aresystembui11

inaphone.

helpstorenessages

sendnessagesinstantIy

telI汕enitiswsetoiinterruptyou

identifyinportantphonecalIs

38、ScientistsatCarnegiel\^nonUhiversitytried

tofindout.

officedoorsv\ereoftenIeftopen

it\ASSagoodtinetoturnofftheconputer

questionsofficeworkersv^erebotheredwth

behaviorscouldtelIvtietherapersonv\asbusy

39、Duringtheexperinent,thesubjectsv\ere

asked.

controlthesensorsandthecanera

ratethedegreestovtiichtheycouldbeinterrupted

conparetheirbehaviorswthothers1

analyzealItheindicatorsofinterruption

40、Theconputerperfornedbetterthanpeoplein

thestudybecause.

conputerworkedharder

conputerv\asnotbusy

tendedtobebiased

\Aerenotgoodatstatistics

41、根據(jù)下列材料，回答41-55題

EffectsofEnvironnentalPolIution

IfpolIutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresent

rate,fornationofaerosols（浮質(zhì)）intheatnosphere

w11causetheonset（開始）ofaniceageinaboutfifty

years'tine.ThisconeIusion,reachedbyDr.Rasool

andDr.SchneideroftheUhitedStatesGoddardSpace

FlightCentre,ansv^erstheapparent!yconfIicting

questionsofvtietheranincreaseinthecarbondioxide

（二氧化碳）contentoftheatrrospherew11causethe

Earthto\Aarmuporincreasingtheaerosolcontentw11

causeittocooldowi.TheAnericanshaveshovn

conclusivelythattheaerosolquestionisdoniinant.

Tv\ospectershauntingconservationistshavebeen

theprospectthatenvironnentalpolIutionnilghtIead

totheplanet1sbeconiingunbearablyhotorofthese

ghostshasnowbeenitseensthatevenanincreasein

theamountofcarbondioxideintheatm）spheretoeight

tinesitspresentvaluew11produceanincreasein

tenperatureofonly2℃,vtiichv\ouldtakeplaceover

severalthousandyears.Buttheotherproblemnowloons

Iargerthanever.

AerosolsarecolIectionsofsnalIIiquidorsolid

particlesdispersedinairorsoneothernediuroThe

particlesarealIsotinythateachisconposedofonly

afewhundredatons.Becauseofthistheycanfloatin

theairforaveryIongtine.Perhapstherra）stcoironly

experiencedaerosolisindustrialsn?g（煙霧）ofthe

kindthatplaguedLondoninthe1950sandisaneven

greaterprobieminLosAngelestoday.ThesecolIections

ofaerosolsreflecttheSun'sheatandtherebycause

theEarthtocool.

Dr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderhavecalculatedthe

exacteffectofadustaerosolIayerjustabovethe

Earth1ssurfaceinthetenperatureoftheplanet.As

theIayerbuiIdsup,thepresentdelicatebalance

bet\Aeenthean?untofheatabsorbedfromtheSunand

theanwuntradiatedfromtheEarthisaerosolIayer

notonlyreflectsmuchoftheSun'sIightbutalso

transmitstheinfrared（紅外線的）radiationfrom

beIowSo,vtiiIetheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,

theIossofheatrenainshighuntiItheplanetcools

toanewbalaneedstate.

Wthinfiftyyears,ifnostepsaretakentostop

thespreadofaerosolsintheatrra)sphere,acoolingof

theEarthbyasmuchas~CseensthatIastsforonly

afewyearsitv\ouldstartanothericeage,andbecause

thegrowngicecapsateachpolev\ouldthenselves

reflectmuchoftheSun'sradiationitv\ouldprobably

continuetodevelopeveniftheaerosolIayerv\ere

destroyed.

TheonlybrightspotinthisgloonyforecastIies

inthehopeexpressedbyDr.RasoolandDr.Schneider

thatnuclearpov\ernayreplacefossiIfuelsintineto

preventtheaerosolcontentoftheatnwspherefrom

beconiingcritical.

問(wèn)題

Theauthor1snainpurposeinwitingthearticle

isto\Aarnof.

v\eather

v\eather

newiceage

newiceberg

42、Thev\ord"specters“inthesecondparagraph

isclosestinneaningto.

dioxide

43、此Iearnfromthethirdparagraph

that.

v\asplaguedwthratsinthe1950s

iscoveredwthsnwgtoday

v\aspolIutedbysnwginthe1950s

AngelesisasheaviIypolIutedtodayasLondonv\as

inthe1950s

44、Wiatw11happenifthedustaerosolIayer

develops?

Earthw11getextrenelyhot.

balancebet\Aeentheanwuntofheatabsorbedfrom

theSunandtheam)untIostcouldhardlybenaintained.

IightoftheSuncouldnoIongerreachthesurface

oftheEarth.

radiationcouldnoIongerbetransmittedfromthe

Earthtoouterspace.

45、Theonlyv\aytostopthespreadofaerosols

intheatn?sphere,accordingto

Dr.RasoolandDr.Schneider,istouse.

fuels

pov\er

energy

po\Aer

VirtualDriver

Drivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenears,

analyzingwthabrain,andcoordinationbetv^eenhands,

feetandbrain.Ananhassharpeyesandkeenears,

analyzesthroughhisbrain,andnaintainscoordination

（協(xié)調(diào)）bet\Aeenhishandsandbrains.Hecancontrola

fast-n?vingcarwthdifferentpartsofhisbody.46

Apparent!ythereitanyoneinthedriverfscab（駕

駛室），butthereisinfactavirtualdriver.This

virtualdriverhaseyes,brains,handsandfeettoo.

Therrhnicanerasoneachsideofthecarareitseyes

andareresponsibleforobservingtheroadconditions

aheadofitasv\elIasthetraffictoitsIeftandright.

Ifyouopentheboot（行李箱），youcanseetherrrost

inportantpartoftheautonaticdrivingsystema

bui11-inconputer.47Thebrainofthecaris

responsibleforcalculatingthespeedsobjects

surroundingthecararenwvingat,analyzingtheir

positionontheroad,choosingtherightpath,and

givingorderstothevtieelandthecontrolsystem

Inconparisonwththehunanbrain,thevirtual

driver'sbestadvantageisthatitreactsquickly.48

Hov^ever,ittakesthev\orldsbestracecardriverat

Ieastonesecondtoreact,andthisdoesn,tinclude

thetineheneedstotakeaction.

Wthitsrapidreactionandaccuratecontrol,the

virtualdrivercanreducetheaccidentrateon

expressv^Bysconsiderably.Inthiscase,isitpossible

forustoIetitdriveatanytineandinanyplace?

49WthitsIirriitedabiIitytorecognizethings,the

carcannowonlytravelonexpressv^ays.

TheintelIigentcardeterrmnesitsdirectionbythe

clearIinesthatnarktheIanesclearlyandrecognizes

vehiclesaccordingtotheirregularshapes.50This

beingthecase,peoplestillhavehighhopesabout

driverIesscars,andthinkhighlyintelIigentcarsare

汕atthecarsofthefutureshouldbeIike.

問(wèn)題

saythatv\ecannotdothatjustyet.

thenearfuture,intelIigentcarsw11beputinto

corwrcialoperation.

isthebrainofthecar.

howdoesanintelIigentcarcontrolitself?

conpletestheprocessingoftheinagessentbythe

caneraswthin100niilIiseconds.

,itcannotrecognizen?vingpeopleandbieyeIes

onordinaryroadsthathavenoclearrrarkingsonthem

YoungAdultsWioExerciseGetHgherIQScores

YoungadultsvtioarefithaveahigherIQandare

nwreIikelytogoontouniversity,revealsanajornew

study51outattheSahlgrenskaAcadenyandSahlgren