話題32自然環境保護Ⅰ.閱讀理解ItisnowChinathatholdsthecrownofhigh－speedtraincapitaloftheworld.Herearesomeofourpicksforthegreatesthigh－speedrailjourneys.TheShangri－LaTrainCurrentlythelongesthigh－speedrailrouteintheworldandtakinglessthan11hourstotravelmorethan2，700kmonthequickestservice，theBeijingtoKunmingtrainisatrulyepichigh－speedtrainjourney.ThetrainisnamedinhonorofoneofYunnan’smostfamouscities，mythicalShangri－La.ThePandaTrainTakingbetween12and13hourstotravel1，690km，thistrainzipsalongfromanancientChinesecapitaltothepandacapitaloftheworld.Inroute，thetrainpassesthroughYichang.It’sherethatyoucanstopoffforaglimpseofthemassiveThreeGorgesDam.TheSilkRoadTrainThefirsthigh－speedtraintoextendoutintoChina’svastwesternregionsconnectsthe1，776kilometersbetweenUrumqi，capitalofXinjiang，andLanzhou，capitalofGansu，inalittleunder12hours.ThetrainfollowstheancientSilkRoadviathetownofTurpan，geographicallythelowestplaceinChinaat154mbelowsealevel.TheIslandTrainWhenitopenedin2015，thiswastheworld’sfirstcircularhigh－speedrail－wayline，whirling650kmaroundsouthChina’stropicalHainanisland，inaboutfivehours，providingpassengerswithwonderfulviewsoftheSouthChinaSeaandthebestbeaches.1.WhatdoweknowaboutTheShangri－LaTrain?A.It’snamedafteracityofYunnan.B.Ithastheroughestrouteofthefour.C.Itrunsataspeedof245km/halltheway.D.Ittravelsalongthelongestrailwayintheworldnow.2.Allthetrainslistedbelowruninlandexcept________.A.TheShangri－LaTrainB.ThePandaTrainC.TheSilkRoadTrainD.TheIslandTrain3.Whomaybeinterestedinthetextmost?A.Anagent. B.Atraveller.C.Adriver. D.Adesigner.AtopmotorshowopenedonTuesdaywithexhibitorsdisplayingtheirlatestinnovationsinelectriccarsinMunich，whereAngelaMerkelsaidtheindustryshouldbepartofthesolutiontoclimatechange.Attheopeningceremonyofthe2021InternationalMotorShowGermany，MerkeltalkedabouthowtheGermanautoindustrywasunwillingtogointothedevelopmentofelectriccarsseveralyearsago，andonlyregardedthemasconceptcars.Shethentalkedaboutthehugeprogresstowardelectriccarsinthelastfewyears.“Iampleasedthatitisnowunmistakablethatthetrendistowardelectriccars，”saidMerkel.Shecautionedagainstfocusingonlyonbattery－poweredcars，sayingcarmakersshouldalsoexploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen.“Themotorindustryisnotjustpartoftheclimateproblem，butaboveeverythingelse，acentralpartofthesolution.”AccordingtotheDigitalAutoReport2021，climatechangehasmadeabigdifferencetomobilityworldwide.Itfoundthemajorityofpeoplearewillingtochangetheirpersonalmobilitybehaviourinordertoreducecarbondioxideemissions(排放物)，with70percentofrespondentsinGermany，97percentinChinaand52percentintheUnitedStatesinfavourofreducingtheircarbonfootprint.SwitchingtoanelectricvehicleisthepreferredmeasureforachievingthisgoalinChinaandintheUS，whileGermanswouldliketodomorewalkingorcycling.However，inlightofthewidespreadvirus，manypeopledon’ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual.Thisprovidesgreatopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthemotorindustry.Thoughindustrialleadersareadvertisingtheirideaforelectriccarsandtheirsustainability，environmentalistsarenothappywiththat.Localpolicehadexpectedtherewouldbe60，000peopleonSaturdaytoprotestagainsttheshow.Ontheopeningday，activistswereseenholdingbanners(橫幅)andhangingthemfrombridgesabovemotorways，withwords“Stopdrivingclimatechange”.4.WhatdoesMerkelexpecttheGermanmotorindustrytodo?A.Explorealternativeenergysources.B.Beawareofthefunctionofconceptcars.C.Concentrateonbattery－poweredcars.D.Becautiousaboutdevelopingelectriccars.5.Whatdoes“This”underlinedinParagraph3referto?A.TheChineseturningtoelectriccars.B.ThebigmobilitychangeinAmerica.C.TheGermans’preferenceforcycling.D.Thelowdemandforpublictransport.6.Whatistheenvironmentalists’attitudetowardthedevelopmentofelectriccars?A.Doubtful. B.Cautious.C.Unfavourable. D.Positive.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeLeadstoDownwardMobilityB.GermanMotorShowFocusesonCleanFutureC.ClimateChangeRestructurestheMotorIndustryD.GermanMotorShowDisplaystheNewestModelsComparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday，litteringoftentakesabackseat—butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.Somemaysaythatabananapeeloutofyourcaralongthemotorwaywouldbeaharmlessaction.Actually，theyarewrong.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(分解)，andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving，that’sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels，ormuchworse.Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabanana，buttinandaluminiumcanslastupto100years，andplasticbottleslastforever，sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.Despitethefactthatlonger－lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger，wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample，despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan，morethan120tonsofcigarette－relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.Similarly，ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn’tsomysteriouswhenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyanamazing500percent.It’snotacheaphabiteither：UKtaxpayersspent￡500milliononkeepingthestreetsclean.So，it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly－tipping，youcouldfacea￡20，000fine.Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem，however，amongthereportedcasesonly2，000werepunishedoutof825，000，sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.Totakebackourbeautifulcities，weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.8.Whichofthefollowingiseasiesttodecomposecomparatively?A.Anorangepeel. B.Aplasticbag.C.Analuminiumcan. D.Aglassbottle.9.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A.AnnuallitteringhasincreasedalittleinUKsincethe1960s.B.Shorter－lastingmaterialswillbelessharmfultotheenvironment.C.Cigarette－relatedlitterisasevereenvironmentalprobleminUK.D.RegularlitteringhascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoreach60million.10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeUK’spunishmentonlitteringaccordingtoPara.4?A.Everylittlehelps.B.Adropinthebucket.C.Nopains，nogains.D.Morehaste，lessspeed.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Rubbishcollection—anurgenttaskB.Environmentissue—abigconcernC.Littering—asurprisinglybigissueD.Long－lastingmaterial—ahiddendangerⅡ.七選五(2024·威海二模)Afuturewhereinsectsmakeupalargepartoftheworld’sdietisonthehorizon.Despitetheunpleasantnatureofsuchcuisine,insectshavebeenconsideredadelicacyinsomepartsofworldforcenturies.Theirbeinglow－fatandhigh－proteinmakesthemaperfectchoiceforreducinghunger.__1__Animalproteinfromlivestock(家畜),suchascows,chickensandpigs,takesup80percentoftheentireworld’sfarmland,despiteonlymakinguplessthanone－fifthofcaloriesconsumedglobally.__2__Thusitwouldsupportavarietyofbiodiversityasnatureintended.Insectssuchasgrasshoppers,mealwormsandcricketsarepackedfullofproteinwithmuchhighervitaminlevelsthanporkorbeef.__3__Greenhousegasemissionsthroughthisprocessarealsoverylittle,withinsectwastemakingexcellentfertilizer(肥料)foragriculturalsoil.Itseemsthatinsectsareanidealsolutiontomanyissuestheworldtodayisfacedwith.__4__UrbanareasofAsia,EuropeandNorthAmericaaremostlikelytoassociateinsectswithdirtinsteadofasatastymeal.Timesarechanging.TheEuropeanUnionlastyeardeclaredthatmealwormsweresafeforhumanconsumption