句子（sentence）是表達(dá)思想的基本單位，只有完整的句子才能表達(dá)完整的思想。句子由單詞組成，但組成時(shí)必須遵循一定的規(guī)則，這就是語(yǔ)法。違反了這些規(guī)則，語(yǔ)言就不正確，也就不能正確地表達(dá)思想，因此毎句話都牽涉到語(yǔ)法。就書面語(yǔ)而言，每句話第一個(gè)字母必須大寫，句末必須有句號(hào)，如果是問(wèn)句，末尾應(yīng)加問(wèn)號(hào)句子成分句子零件圖紙++句子結(jié)構(gòu)壹英語(yǔ)句子成分句子的成分句子總的說(shuō)來(lái)由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語(yǔ)（subject與謂語(yǔ)（predicate)。句子成分主要成分次要成分主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))、同位語(yǔ)等1.主語(yǔ)可以作主語(yǔ)的詞性或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞 2.代詞 3.數(shù)詞

4.名詞化的形容詞（如therich）

5.名詞詞組 6.不定式短語(yǔ)

7.動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）

8.主語(yǔ)從句等表示。主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首,通常由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。1.主語(yǔ)名詞做主語(yǔ)Theearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobe．代詞做主語(yǔ)Nobodyknowswhatwilloccurinthefuture．Youarewantedonthephone,Mr.Jackson．1.主語(yǔ)數(shù)詞做主語(yǔ)Threeplusfiveequalseight．三加五等于八。ThefirstthathesuppliedformewasaSpanishnovel．動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)Lookingupallthesewordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime．Typingwasherfull-timejob．打字是她的專職工作。1.主語(yǔ)不定式做主語(yǔ)ItisnecessarytomasterEnglishininternationaltradetoday．在今天的國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,精通英語(yǔ)是必要的。Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork．把理想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)需要辛勤的勞動(dòng)。1.主語(yǔ)詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)AknowledgeofEnglishwillhelphiminlearningGerman．Successorfailuredependsonthesupportofthemasses.Hisabsencefromschoolmadehisteacherveryangry.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.HowtolearnEnglishwellisanimportantquestion．1.主語(yǔ)名詞化的形容詞或分詞作主語(yǔ)(the+adj.代表一類人）Insomecountriestherich

aregettingricherandthepooraregettingpoorer.Theunemployed

usuallyleadahardlife.失業(yè)者通常日子艱難。Generally,theyoung

arethirstyforknowledge．

一般說(shuō)來(lái),年輕人渴求知識(shí)。1.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)從句）Whatweshoulddonextremainsunknown．

我們下一步該干什么還不知道。Itwasobviousthattheyhadnodesireforpeace．

顯然他們沒(méi)有渴望和平的愿望。1.主語(yǔ)1.Toobeythelawiseveryone'sduty.2.Eatingtoomanysweetsruinsyourteeth.3.Whyhediditwasveryclear.4.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowisoftenacceptable.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)5.Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell..(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)2.謂語(yǔ)1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。及物動(dòng)詞或者不及物動(dòng)詞 Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. Hereadsnewspaperseveryday. Thesunrisesintheeast．

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ) Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen．水是由氫氣和氧氣組成。 Theplanetookoffatteno'clockinthemorning．飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。2.謂語(yǔ)2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成；(2)由連系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形作謂語(yǔ)Weshouldgive

himachancetoturnoveranewleaf．Onecannotlearn

alanguagewellunlessoneworkshard．Modernscienceandtechnologycanhelp

usunderstandnaturewell．2.謂語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)MrChenismyEnglishteacher.Heneverremainedsatisfiedwithhissuccess．

他從不滿足于自己的成績(jī)。助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.HehavebeentoBeijing.Hehascaught

abadcold.2.謂語(yǔ)be+adj.+不定式作謂語(yǔ)Theyarenotlikelytoaccepttheterms．

他們不大可能接受這個(gè)條件。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．

對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。Heisalwayswillingtohelpthedisabledpeople．

他總是樂(lè)于幫助殘疾人。2.謂語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Ihave

been

waitingforyouallthetime.I

would

stayathomeallday.3.賓語(yǔ)Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.Wehaven’tseenherforalongtime.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?Givemefourplease.Hewantstodreamanicedream.Wehaveknownwhattheyaredoing.7.Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.名詞代詞動(dòng)名詞數(shù)詞todo句子介詞+名詞賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者。位置：一般放在動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)之后；介詞之后3.賓語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)1..Hesaid"Goodmorning."2.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.3.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.5.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.3.賓語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)6.Mr.Smithgavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting.7.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.8.I'llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudontloseheart.4.定語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)Heboughteverythingnecessaryfortheexperiment．

他購(gòu)買了實(shí)驗(yàn)所需的一切。Youhaveapairofbeautifulandcharmingeyes．

你有一雙美麗迷人的眼睛。Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent．他的話感動(dòng)了每位在場(chǎng)的人。Anymountain,highorlow,canbegivenspiritsbyGod．

山不在高,有仙則靈。定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞和代詞。常由形容詞,名詞,名詞所有格,代詞,數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞,todo形式,分詞和句子來(lái)充當(dāng)。名詞作定語(yǔ)weatherreport(天氣預(yù)報(bào)) customsofficer(海關(guān)人員)

productionplan(生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃)

hearttrouble(心臟病)coffeecup(咖啡杯) mountainvillage(山村)4.定語(yǔ)4.定語(yǔ)名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)Wearenotthrownintospacebecauseoftheearth'sgravity．

由于地球的引力,我們不會(huì)被拋人太空。HowmanydynastiesarethereinChina'shistory?

中國(guó)歷史上有多少個(gè)朝代?4.定語(yǔ)代詞作定語(yǔ)Iwishtoproposeatoasttoourfriendship．

我提議為我們的友誼干杯。Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets．

所有乘客都必須出示車票數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)Thetwopartieshavecombinedtoformagovernment．

兩黨已經(jīng)聯(lián)合起來(lái)組成政府。Chinaisadevelopingcountry,belongingtothethirdworld．

中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,屬于第三世界。4.定語(yǔ)4.定語(yǔ)不定式作后置定語(yǔ)Hereareafewquestionsforyoutoanswer．

這是你要回答的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。Shehastheabilitytokeepcalminanemergency．

她有處變不驚的本事。Hegavemenochancetoreplytothequestion．

他沒(méi)有給我回答他問(wèn)題的機(jī)會(huì)。4.定語(yǔ)分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)Heisapromisingyoungman．他是一個(gè)有前途的年輕人。Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakeanynoise.Thelosttimecanneverbefoundagain. 時(shí)光一去不復(fù)返。shelikes

readingnovelswrittenbyMarkTwain．

她喜愛(ài)讀馬克·吐溫的小說(shuō)。4.定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)

Ourreadingroomisbrightandlarge．

我們的閱覽室寬敞明亮。Theirworkingconditionsareimproving．

他們的工作條件正在改善。Manypassengersarewaitinginthewaitingroom．

許多旅客都在候車室等候。介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother．

懷抱嬰兒的那位婦女是他媽。AprofessorfromQinghuaUniversitywillgivealectureontheuseofsolarenergy.

清華大學(xué)的一位教授將就太陽(yáng)能的利用作一場(chǎng)講演。TheAnti-JapaneseWarendedinthevictoryofChina．

抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以中國(guó)的勝利而結(jié)束。4.定語(yǔ)4.定語(yǔ)副詞作定語(yǔ)Thepeopleintheroomsaboveareverynoisy．

樓上房間里住的人非常吵人。Thehotpotrestaurantthereisrunbyalocalpeasant．

那兒的那家火鍋餐館是一位當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民開(kāi)的。4.定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforShanghai．

剛剛出站的那列火車是開(kāi)往上海的。ThatisthereasonwhyIamagainstyouradvice．

那就是我反對(duì)你的建議的原因。4.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。復(fù)合不定代詞(something/nothing)之后；不定式/分詞短語(yǔ)/從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放在被修飾

的成分后；副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。4.定語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的定語(yǔ)1.Theboyneedsaballpen.2.Thereisnothingtodotoday.3.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.4.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.5.

Thebeautifulgirlisherdaughter.6.

Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.5.狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞等,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。副詞作狀語(yǔ)Ilovethecountry,especiallyinspring．

我喜歡這鄉(xiāng)村,尤其是在春天。Hequicklybecameaccustomedtothelocalfood．

他很快就習(xí)慣了當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄铩?.狀語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)Tomysurprise,shedrankupthewholebottleofwine．Theoldmanstoodthere,withapipeinhismouth.

老人站在那兒,嘴里叼著煙斗。5.狀語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)Comparedtomanypeople,shewasindeedveryfortunate．

和許多人比起來(lái)她確實(shí)是很幸運(yùn)的。Theyenteredtheclassroom,talkingandlaughing．

他們說(shuō)著、笑著走進(jìn)教室。Nothavingheardfromhim,hedecidedtowritetohimagain．

沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信,他決定再給他寫一封。5.狀語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)TolearnEnglishwell,wemusthaveagoodmethod．

為了學(xué)好英語(yǔ),我們必須有一個(gè)好的方法。I’mgladtohavemaderapidprogressinEnglish．

我很高興在英語(yǔ)方面進(jìn)步很快。5.狀語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)Aslongasthereislife,thereishope．

只要有生命,就有希望。Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tchangemymind．Bettertakeyourumbrellaincaseitrains．

最好帶把傘,以防下雨。5.狀語(yǔ)Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.

We’llsendacartofetchyou.

Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybone.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)5.狀語(yǔ)6.Ifhegoes,sowillI.

7.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.

8.Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.

條件狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ)5.狀語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)Hedidhishomeworkcarefully.ShegoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.6.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞（vt）,接了賓語(yǔ)意義仍不完整,還需要有一個(gè)其他的句子成分來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義,狀態(tài)等?！百e語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)常常由名詞,形容詞,介詞短語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)6.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.

Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.

Ishouldadviceyoutogetthechance.

Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.n.adj.介詞短語(yǔ)todo現(xiàn)在分詞doing過(guò)去分詞done6.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.2)Wemadehimourmonitor.3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.4)Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.6)Keepthechildrenquiet,please.7)Hepaintedthewallwhite.7.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)：位于系動(dòng)詞之后,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì),特征,狀態(tài)等。注：系動(dòng)詞又叫連系動(dòng)詞,本身有詞義,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。7.表語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞：“狀態(tài)”類：be“變化”類：get/become/turn/grow/go“感官”類：taste/smell/look/sound/feel“持續(xù)”類：stay/keep/remain其他：（似乎）seem/appear

（證明是）prove/turnouttobe7.表語(yǔ)Everythinghereisexpensive.Myfatherisaprofessor.Who’sthat?It’sme.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.adj.n.pron.介詞短語(yǔ)todo句子數(shù)詞7.表語(yǔ)練習(xí)：找出下列句子的表語(yǔ),并說(shuō)出表語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成成分。

1.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.2.Ourwellhasgonedry.3.Hisfaceturnedred.4.TheculturalbackgroundofChinaistotallydifferentfromthatoftheUS.5.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.8.同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí),一個(gè)句子成分用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分,這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語(yǔ)。We

studentsshouldstudyhard. (students是we的同位語(yǔ),都是指同一批“學(xué)生”)We

allarestudents. (all是we的同位語(yǔ),都指同樣的“我們”)8.同位語(yǔ)練習(xí)：劃出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)WeChinesepeoplearebraveandhard-working.Wehavetwoforeignteachers,aCanadianandanAmerican.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.壹英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子從說(shuō)話目的上分：

1.陳述句(Statement)

2.疑問(wèn)句-------

3．祈使句——：

Don’tbelateagain.再不要遲到了。(命令)——陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或是表明一個(gè)看法等：BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(事實(shí))Shemayberight.

(看法)Sheisn’tateacher.提出問(wèn)題：1)一般疑問(wèn)句 2）特殊疑問(wèn)句3）選擇疑問(wèn)句 4）反意疑問(wèn)句

提出命令、請(qǐng)求等4．感嘆句——：

Whataniceviewfromthis

window!

Howsillyyouare!

Takeaseat,please.請(qǐng)坐。(請(qǐng)求)Takecare！保重！(叮囑)表示贊美、驚異等情緒這窗子外面景色多美！你真傻！句子從結(jié)構(gòu)上分簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentences)復(fù)合句（主從復(fù)合句）(ComplexSentences)1）定語(yǔ)從句

2）狀語(yǔ)從句3)名詞性從句：

(1)主語(yǔ)從句

(2)賓語(yǔ)從句

(3)表語(yǔ)從句

(4)同位語(yǔ)從句并列句(CompoundSentences)簡(jiǎn)單句——句子成分都由單詞或短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，且只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：

Weloveourgreatmotherland.我們熱愛(ài)我們的祖國(guó)。并列句——句子成分都由單詞或短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，但有兩個(gè)或更多互不依

從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：

Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.(諺)蜂蜜好喝，但蜜蜂蟄人。

Don'tswear,forIdislikeswearting.別罵人，因?yàn)槲矣憛捔R人。

互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為分句，分句可由并列連詞連起來(lái)，也可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)：

Hurryup,it'sgettinglate.趕快，時(shí)間不早了。復(fù)合句——有一個(gè)或更多成分由從句擔(dān)任：DoyouseewhatImean?

你明白我的意思嗎？Comeagainwhenyou'refree.

有空再來(lái)。Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.(賓語(yǔ)由從句擔(dān)任)(狀語(yǔ)由從句擔(dān)任)(定語(yǔ)由從句擔(dān)任)簡(jiǎn)單句【簡(jiǎn)單句的六種基本句型】主謂主謂賓主謂雙賓語(yǔ)（間賓直賓）主謂復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓+賓補(bǔ)）主系表Therebe句型一：主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（主謂）1.Thewindisblowing．風(fēng)在刮。(不及物動(dòng)詞后面什么也沒(méi)有跟)。2.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind．你先走我隨后跟著。(不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了副詞)3.Itwasrainingheavilylastnight．昨晚雨下得很大。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了副詞和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。4.Shecanswimlikeafish．她能像魚一樣游。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了介詞短語(yǔ)5.Thesunrisesintheeast．太陽(yáng)從東方升起。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了介詞短語(yǔ)6.Hewenttoseeheroffattheairport．他去機(jī)場(chǎng)為她送行。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了不定式短語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)7.Shecametovisitrelativesandfriends．她來(lái)走親訪友。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了不定式短語(yǔ)8.WeoftengoboatingonSundays．我們經(jīng)常星期天去劃船。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了動(dòng)名詞。9.Theycamerunningalltheway．他們一路跑著過(guò)來(lái)。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了分詞10.Theweddingpartylastedtwohours．婚宴持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟了名詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

句型二:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（主謂賓）1．Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness．我佩服他事業(yè)有成。2．Pleaseexpressyourselfinyourownwords．請(qǐng)用你自己的話表述自己。4．Hedreamedaterribledreamlastnight．昨晚他做了一個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。5．Ienjoymeetingdifferentkindsofpeople．6．Weshouldneverpretendtoknowwhatwedon'tknow.

知之為知之,不知為不知。7．Heexplainedhowtousethecomputerindetail．8．IwonderwhatIcando．9．Hedidn’trealizethathehadmadeamistake．句型三:主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓

主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓

=主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+直賓+to+間賓(常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有bring,give,hand,lend,owe,offer,post,promise,read,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell,throw,write等)1)Helentmehiscomputer.2)TheyofferedJackthejob.3)Sheshowedherstudentsthetechnique.

4）Hetoldmeafunnystory.→Helenthiscomputertome.→Theyofferedthejobtojack.→Sheshowedthetechniquetoherstudents.→Hetoldafunnystorytome.

主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓=主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+直賓+for+間賓(常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有buy,build,paint,choose,cook,cut,do,fetch,get,keep,draw,make制作,order定購(gòu),prepare,save節(jié)省,

sing等)1)Pleasefetchmesomechalk．2)ShallIorderyouataxi?3)Pleasechoosemeanewtie．4)Hedrewmeapicture．→Pleasefetchsomechalkforme.→ShallIorderataxiforyou?→P1easechooseanewtieforme．→Hedrewapictureforme．

主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+to+間賓+直賓=主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+直賓+to+間賓(常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有announce宣布/explain解釋/introduce介紹/mention提及/express表示/report報(bào)告/present提交等)1)Heexplainedtomethematter.→Heexplainedthemattertome.2)I’llintroducedtoyouthebook.→I’llintroducedthebooktoyou.