目錄一般部分 頁英文原文Back?llingtechnologyandstratabehaviorsinfullymechanizedcoalminingworkingfaceZhangQiang,ZhangJixiong,HuangYanli,JuFengA、SchoolofMines,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou221116,ChinaB、StateKeyLaboratoryofCoalResources&MineSafety,Xuzhou221116,ChinaAbstract:Basedontheprincipleoffullymechanizedback?llingandcoalminingtechnologyandcombinedwiththeXingtaiCoalMineconditions,wemainlyoptimizedthecoalminingequipmentandadjustedthecoalminingmethodintheXingtaiCoalMine7606workingfaceforimplementationthistechnology.Firstly,wede?nethepracticalback?llingprocessasthe‘‘(fromback?llingscraperconveyor’s)headtotailback-?lling,stepbystepswingingupofthetampingarm,gradualcompacting,movingformedback?llingscra-perconveyorwhenthesecondtampingarmcannotpassandconnectingtheimmediateroofbybackmaterialpushfrontmaterialmovement’’.Meanwhile,thestresschangesofback?llbodyincoalminedoutareawasmonitoredbystresssensors,andtheroofcavinglawwasanalyzedbymonitoringthedynamicsubsidenceofà210westroadwayofthisface.Thesitetestsresultsshowthatusingthisnewback?llingandcoalminingintegratedtechnology,theproductioncapacityinthe7606workingfacecanreachto283,000tonayear,and282,000tonofsolidmaterials(wasteand?yash)isback?lled,whichmeetstheneedsofhighproductionandef?ciency.Thegoafwascompactlyback?lledwithsolidmaterialandthestratabehaviorwasquitedesirable,withanactualmaximumverticalstressoftheback?llbodyof5.5MPa.Back?llbodycontrolthemovementofoverburdenwithinacertainrange,andthereisnocol-lapsesofmajorareasintheoverlyingstratauponback?lledgob.Themaximumsubsidenceandspeedwere231mmand15.75mm/drespectively,whichprovedthepracticalsigni?canceofthisintegratedtechnology.Keywords:Fullymechanizedback?llingandcoalminingtechnology，Hydraulicsupport，Formedback?llingscraperconveyor，Back?llingtechnology，Stratabehaviors1.IntroductionChina’seconomyiscontinuouslydependingonthecoalenergy.ThecoalproductioninChinahasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears,however,theotherresourcesandenvironmentareaffectedseri-ously.Asanexample,coalwasteisakindofsolidwastedischargedfromcoalexploitationandpreparation.Thiswastepileonthesur-faceandformwastedumpsoverthetime.Accordingtothepartialestimates,thereisabout4.5billiontonsofwasterockpiledonthesurfaceinChina,andabout15,000hectaresoflandareoccupied.Thereare1600comparativelylargewasterockdumps,andthepiledwasteisincreasingataspeedof0.15–0.20billiontonsayear.Wastedumpshavenotonlyoccupiedtoomuchland,pollutedtheair,soilsandundergroundwateraroundthem,butalsohavecausedpotentialdangers,suchaslandslide,spontaneouscombus-tionandexplosion.Soitisaseverethreattothepeople’shealthandenvironmentinminingdistricts.Iftheconditionissuchthattheroofwillnotcaveorsubsidencetothesurfaceisnotallowable,itwillbenecessarytoback?llthevoidwithmaterialssuchassand,wastefromcoal-preparationplants,or?yash.Owingtotechnicalandenvironmentalreasons,back?llingispracticedinmanyminingcountries(e.g.,Poland,India),buttheunitcostofcoalminingismuchhigherwithback?lling.Uptodate,therearethreemainmatureback?llingtechnologiesinChinawhichare;superhigh-waterpackingmaterialback?lling,pasteback?llingandsolidmaterialfullymechanizedback?llingcoalminingtechnology[1].Someliteraturesstudiedtheexperi-mentsandapplicationsofsuperhigh-waterpackingmaterial.Somearticlesstudiedminingmethodandcoalwinningtech-nologyofpasteback?lling.Zhangetal.studiedthestratapressurebehaviorofrawwasteback?llingwithfully-mechanizedcoalminingtechnology.Asanewback?lltechnologyincoalmine,thesolidmaterialfullymechanizedback?llingcoalminingtechnologyisdevelopingdaybyday.ThistechnologyhasbeenappliedinXingtaiCoalMine,JiningNo.3CoalMineinChina.Itsapplicationshavecon?rmeddistinc-tiveadvantagesonextractingcoalunderwaterbodies,railwaylinesandbuildingsandcontrollingthesurfacesubsidence.Thisisitsmajordifferencecomparedwithtraditionalfullymechanizedcoalminingmethods.Tothebestofourknowledge,therearesel-domresearchesonback?llingandcoalminingtechnology.ThisarticlemainlyintroducesthistechnologyfromtheabovetwopointsbasedontheminingconditionsofXingtaiCoalMine.2.Basicprinciplesoffullymechanizedback?llingminingInfullymechanizedback?llingmining,weusuallyusewasterock,?yashandothersolidmaterialsastheback?llmaterials.Weusetheverticalcontinuousconveyorsystemtotransportsuchsolidmaterialsfromthesurfacetotheunderground,andthenthroughthebeltconveyortransportationtotheback?llingwork-ingface.Wetaketheadvantageoftheback?llingdevicetoachievethe?llingprocess.Thebasicprinciplesofafullymechanizedback-?llingminingisshowninFig.1[16,18,19].3.Generalinformationof7606workingface3.1.Geologicalconditions7606back?llingandcoalminingfacearethe?rstsolidmaterialfullymechanizedback?llminingfacesinChina.Thisfaceextracts2#coalseam,whichhasanaverageinclinationof9°,averageheightof3manddepthofà320m.Thelithologyoftheroofissandyshalewithheightof4.5mandthe?oorissandyshalewithheightof6.69m.Thefaceislocatedineastofundergroundinthe6thminingarea.Itsnortheastisnearthegoafof7602workingface,northwestneartoF10fault,southis50mawayfromà210westroadwayandeastis100mawayfromshaftbottom.3.2.Back?llingsystemlayoutThetailgateofthe7606back?llingworkingfaceis40mawayfromF10fault,andtheheadgateisparallelwithtailgateconnect-ingwith7600transportationline.Theinterconnectionis50mawayfromthewestroadwayandthestopmininglineissetatleast35mawayfromwestroadway.Theinclinewidthandstrikeadvancinglengthof7606back?llingworkingfaceare50and460m,respectively,andtheavailablecoalreserveis115,000ton.Back?llingsystemismadeoffourpartsincludingsurfacetrans-portationsystem,verticalfeedingsystem,undergroundtranspor-tationsystemandstope?llingsystem.Theback?llingabilityofthissystemis450ton/h.Theback?llmaterialsinthisfacearewastesand?yashes.Thewastescomefromthewastedumpwithcapacityof380,000m3,and?yashescomefromcoalpreparationplantswithcapacitiesofover37,000m3ayear.Thesetwomaterialsaremixedbymea-sureinstructorbeforebeingthrownintoverticalfeedingsystem.Then,themixedback?llmaterialistransportedtostoragesiloundergroundbyverticalfeedingsystem,theninturnto7606back-?llingworkingfaceor7606tailgatethroughhaulagerise.4.Coalminingandback?llingtechnology4.1.KeyequipmentAvarietyofequipmentsareusedinasurfaceminingoperationincludingshearer,scraperconveyor,hydraulicsupport,self-advancingback?llingloaderandback?llingscraperconveyor,whichareamongthekeyequipmentsusedin7606workingface.Thereisnodifferenceondeterminingtheshearertypeinthisback?llingworkingfacecomparedwiththetraditionalfullymech-anizedcoalface.Butforhydraulicsupport,wehaveknownthattheroofissupportedbymechanizedself-advancingsupportscalledlongwallshields,whichformaprotectivesteelcanopyunderwhichthefaceconveyor,workers,andsheareroperate.Soexceptformeetingtheneedofcoalmining,itisalsoneededtomeetback-?lldemand.Indetails,theremustbeaspaceinthebackofhydrau-licsupportfortheback?llingstructure,andthetailbeammustbeofcertainstrengthforhangingtheback?llingscraperconveyor,andtheremustbesomeadditionalstructuresforunloadingandtampingback?llmaterial.Attheendofthetailgate,materialsaretransshippedfrombeltconveyortotheback?llingscraperconveyorbyself-advancingback?llingloader,whichhasan‘‘H’’shapedframeandsupportsthebaseattheoverlapwhereitconnectswithbeltconveyor.Fortheimplementationoffullymechanizedback?llingminingtechnology,weformedageneralscraperconveyorbythefollowingways:(1)settingupanadditional?ashboardcontrolledbyahydrauliccylinderjackatitsbottom,(2)openingthedischargeportatitsbottom,(3)selfhanginguponarearcanopyofhydraulicsupportwithhangingchains.Theformedscraperconveyorcanmeetsuchspecialneed.BasedontheactualsituationofXingtaiCoalMine,andthroughscienceandtechnologyresearch,theback?llingandcoalminingequipmentmainlyinthe7606workingfaceareobtainedinpairsasfollows,MG200/466-WDHshearer,SGZ-630/220scrapercon-veyor,SGB630/150self-advancingback?llingloader,SGB630/150formedback?llingscraperconveyorandZC6000/20/35Gfour-postshield-typehydraulicsupport.Theequipmentlayoutinthisback-?llingandcoalminingworkingfaceisshowninFig.2[18,19].4.2.Back?llingprocessTheback?llingprocessoperatesfromtailtoheadoftheback?llminingconveyor.Somaterialsarealsotransportedalongthiswaybyback?llminingconveyor.Whenthematerialsareof?oadedfromthecurrentdischargeportpackedtoacertainheight,the?rstandsecondtampingarmssituatedbesidesthedischargeportimmediatelystartin0n.l9rge1p9to-275..-hedischargeporttheheadtotailoftheback?llminingconveyororientation,open3–5?ashboardstoof?oadthematerials.Tampingandof?oadingarealternatelycarriedoutatthesametimebehindhydraulicsupports.(1)Firstly,wede?neonecropasthequantityofrunningmaterialbetweeneverytwodischargeports.Tooneunloadingandtampingcourse,whenthematerialisbeingof?oaded,aboutthreeothercropsareclosetothedischargeportandbeginextendingthe?rstandsecondtampingarmtopushmaterialinturns.Whenthesecondtampingarmisfullyextended,stopoperatingtheoperationvalveandretractthetampingarms.Thenslightlyswingupthearmsandfullyretractthe?rsttampingarmwhentheendofthesecondtampingarmisatthebottomedgeoftheback?llingscraperconveyor.Thenappropriatelyswingupthearmsagainuntilthebottomedgeofarmisintouchwiththematerialfaceandthenfullyretractthesecondtampingarm.Careshouldbetakentoensurethatnomaterialsarebroughtbackalongwiththetampingarms.Thenswingdownthearmsandwaitforthenextof?oadingandtampingcourse.Asthematerialsaregraduallypacked,tampmechanismisautomaticallyupliftedtoacertainangelafterrecycling3–5times,whichautomaticallystopsthesecondtampingarmtoacrossfromthebottomedgetotheback?llingscraperconveyor.Thus,the?rsttampingcourseiscompletedtogetherwiththe?rstandsecondtampingarms.(2)Thesecondtampingcourseiscompletedonlybythe?rsttampingarm.Inthiscourse,whenmaterialisbeingof?oaded,abouttwoothercropsareclosetothedischargeportanddirectlypushthe?rsttampingarmtocompactthematerialuntilthefrontmaterialhasbeenpushedcompact,retractthetampingarm,andthenrepeattheprocessagain.Afterrecycling3–5times,fullyretractthe?rsttampingarmandoff-loadmaterialuntilthespaceundertheback?llingscraperconveyorisfully?lled,thengotonexttampingcourseafterback?llingscraperconveyorisadvanced.(3)Thethirdtampingcoursefollowswhenthesecondtampingcoursehas?nishedintheentireback?llingface.At?rst,advancetheback?llminingconveyorfromtailtohead,butatthesametime,astheconveyorisadvancing,carryouttheconnectionoftheimmediateroofcoursebypushingthematerial.Thisisdone?rstlybyappropriatelyadjustingthetampingarm’sangel,andthenextendingthe?rsttampingarmandlaterthesecondtampingarm.Thefrontmaterialisthenpushedtoconnecttheimmediateroofbythebackmaterialwhichisalsobeingpushedtightlybythesecondtampingarm.Iftheroofconnectionisnotcompleted,thencompleteitinthelasttampingcoursebyrepeatingtheprocess,orelse,theentireback?llingfacetampingcourseiscompleted.(4)Theforthtampingcourseistheleak?lledsection,wherethetwotampingarmsarefullyretractedafterof?oadingabouttwoorthreecropsofmaterial,andthenextendingthetwotampingarmsagaintoconnectwiththeimmediateroof.Andatampingcourseofonehydraulicsupportiscompleted.Thenwhenallhydraulicsupportsareback?lledwithmaterialtoacertaindensity,advancethehydraulicsupportandatampingcourseinonewebcutiscompleted.ThedetailsofunloadingandtampingcoursesareshowninFigs.4and5.Fig.4illustratestheback?llingelevationintheworkingfaceandFig.5showsthedifferentback?llingstatesinworkingface.（a）壓實物料與直接頂相連（b）卸載孔卸載物料（c）第二壓實臂推出物料5.Stratabehaviors5.1.MeasurecontentandmethodSomeliteratures(Chenetal.2010)[20]usedtheconvergenceofroofand?oorandpostloadasthecharacteristicparameterofstratabehaviorsinwaste?llingconventionalsurface.Thispaperusesstressoftheback?llingbodyanddynamicsubsidencelawoftheroofasthekeyparametersforstratabehavioranalysisinfullymechanizedback?llingandcoalminingworkingface.Thestressofback?llingbodyisacquiredonlinebystresssensorsinstalledinthegoaf.Thedynamicsubsidencelawofroofisobtainedindirectlyfromtheobservationpointssetin?ooroftheà210mwestroadwayuponthisface.Thestresssensorsareinstalledinthe?rst,secondandthirdrowsofthegoaf?lledwithback?llingbodywhenthecoalfaceadvances15,40,65mawayfromtheinterconnection.TheinstallationconditionisshowninFig.6.Theà210mwestroadwayis40mawayfromtheinterconnection,and27mdirectlyabove7606workingface.Wearranged29observationpointsalongtheslopingdirectionofthefacetotimelymonitortherockmovements.The10thto20thobservationpointsareinstalledjustabove7606workingface.ThelayoutforobservationpointsisshowninFig.7[21].5.2.Resultsanddiscussionof?eldmeasurement5.2.1.Back?llingbodystressmonitoringresultsandanalysisFromthe?eldmeasurements,withtheforwardadvancementofworkingface,theroofpressurebehindtheworkingfacewasat?rstsupportedbyhydraulicsupportandrib,butthengraduallytransferredtotheback?llingbody.Whenworkingfaceadvancedtothecavingdistanceofmainroof(about15m),thespeedofcavingofimmediateroofincreasedandtheback?llingbodywascompactedbyimmediateroof.Thestresssensorsinback?llingbodystartedtosensepressureinplacesabout13–15mbehindtheworkingface.Inthesecondrow(40mawayoftheinterconnection)ofobservationpoints,themaximumstressmeasuredinback(1)Wecarriedoutthreeoperationunitsandcutwebs(eachcutwebof0.6m),andthecoalfaceadvancedforward3.6min1day.Theproductioncapacityofthisback?llingminingfaceis283,000ton(330?6?0.6?50?2.79?180?0.95).Andabout282,000tonofsolidmaterialsareback?lledinoneyear,whichmeettheneedsofhighproductionandef?ciency.(2)Afterimplementingthistechnologyin7606face,115,000tonofcoalisminedsafelyandover0.82billion(unit:Yuan)isdirectlyobtained.(3)In?uencedbytheminingpressure,theoverlyingstrataupon7606workingfaceexperiencedalightlysubsidenceprocess.Themaximumsubsidencequantityandspeedare231mmand15.75mm/d,respectively.Thisshowsthattheback?llingbodycontrolsthestratamovementtoacertainextent,andthereisnolargeareaoftheroofthatappeartohavecollapsedupontheworkingface.AcknowledgmentsFinancialsupportsforthisworkprovidedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.51074165),theKeyProgramofNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.50834004)andAProjectFundedbythePriorityAcademicProgramDevelopmentofJiangsuHigherEducationInstitutions(No.SZBF2011-6-B35)aregratefullyacknowledged.References[1]YanSH,ZhangHX.Statusquoof?llingminingtechnologyincoalminesofChina.CoalMiningTechnology2008;13(3).1–3,10.[2]FengGM.Researchonthesuperhigh-waterpackingmaterialand?llingminingtechnologyandtheirapplication.Xuzhou:ChinaUniversityofMining&TechnologyPress;2009.[3]FengGM,DingY,ZhuHJ,BaiJB.Experimentalresearchonasuperhigh-waterpackingmaterialformininganditsmicromorphology.JChinaUnivMinTechnol2010;39(6):813–9.[4]NingS,FengGM,NiuJC,LiJH,ZhouZ,WangCZ.Applicationofhighwatercontentandquicksettingmaterialtoultrahighrooffailingcontrolofminegateway.CoalSciTechnol2009;37(8):21–3.[5]ZhouHQ,HouCJ,SunXK,QuQD,ChenDJ.Solidwastepaste?llingfornone-village-relocationcoalmining.JChinaUnivMinTechnol2004;33(2):154–8.[6]QuQD,ZhouHQ,HouCJ,GuanML.Discussiononminingtechnologywithpasteback?llinginmine.CoalSciTechnol2004;32(10).67–69,73.[7]ZhangJX,WuQ,HuangYL,ZhouYJ.Stratapressurebehaviorbyrawwasteback?llingwithfully-mechanizedcoalminingtechnology.JChinaCoalSoc2010;35(8):1–4.[8]ZhangJX,MiaoXX,GuoGL.Developmentstatusofback?llingtechnologyusingrawwasteincoalmining.JMinSafEng2009;26(4):395–401.[9]MiaoXX,ZhangJX,GuoGL.Studyonwaste-?llingmethodandtechnologyinfully-mechanizedc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