2024—2025學年山東省菏澤市高三上學期1月期末英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(★★)FourFamousFemaleScientistsKatherineJohnsonKatherineJohnsongraduatedfromcollege—withhonors—atthesameagemostpeoplegraduatedfromhighschool.ShelaterappliedtoaprogramattheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronauticsandearnedaspotasoneoftheagency’shumancomputers.OneofKatherine’smostimportantjobswascalculatingthepathofthefirstAmericanmannedspaceflightin1961andtheApollomoonlandingin1969.WhileNASAbeganusingcomputersforthetaskin1962,astronautJohnGlennrefusedtogointoflightuntilKatherinecheckedthecomputer’scalculationsbyhand.CeciliaPayne-GaposchkinWhenCeciliaPayne-GaposchkinbecamethefirstwomantoreceiveaPhDfromHarvard’sRadeliffeCollege,nooneknewhowmuchherdoctoralpaperwouldchangetheworldofscience.Herconclusionthatstarsarecomposedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium(氦)contradictedthemaintheoryofthetime,andsomeoftheday’sleadingscientistsopenlyquestionedherfindings.Itwouldtakemorethanadecadeforanotherscientisttoreachthesameconclusion.LiseMeitnerLiseMeitnerisoneofonlytwowomentohaveanelementnamedinherhonor—theelementwiththeatomicnumber109iscalledmeitnerium.ShewasthefirstphysicsprofessorinGermanyandthefirstscientisttoincludetheterm“nuclearfission(裂變)”inapublishedpaper.Duringhercareer,shediscoveredwhatcausestheAugerEffect,explainedhownuclearfissionworks,anduncoveredtheelementprotactinium(鏷).GraceHopperGraceHopperwasknownforherpioneeringworkinthedevelopmentofcomputerprogramminglanguages.ShebeganhercareerincomputingandworkedontheHarvardMarkIcomputerprogram.Later,shecreatedthefirstprogramthattranslatedcodeintomachinelanguage,andalsodevelopedtheCOBOL(CommonBusiness-OrientedLanguage)programminglanguage.1.WhatwasoneofKatherineJohnson’ssignificantcontributions?

A．SheearnedaPhDfromHarvard.B．Shedevelopedaprogramminglanguage.C．Sheexplainedhownuclearfissionworks.D．Shecalculatedthepathformajorspacemissions.2.Whoseconclusionaboutstarsfacedoppositionfromleadingscientists?

A．KatherineJohnson’s.B．CeciliaPayne-Gaposchkin’s.C．LiseMeitner’s.D．GraceHopper’s.3.WhatdoLiseMeitnerandGraceHopperhaveincommon?

A．TheygraduatedfromHarvard.B．Theydiscoverednewelements.C．Theyworkedonsomethingaboutcomputers.D．Theywerebothpioneersintheirownfield.(★★★)WhenIwasgrowingup,mymomoftensaidthatnomatterwhatgradesIgotinschool,aslongasIdidmybest,she’dbeproudofme.Thensheadded,“Butifyoudidn’tgetanA,I’llknowyoudidn’tdoyourbest.”Shesaiditwithasmile,butItookitseriously:Ishouldn’tsettleforanythinglessthanperfect.MygreatestweaknessisthatI’mtoomuchofaperfectionist.Perfectionismisthedesiretobe100%perfect.Thegoaliszerofaultsandnofailures.Inanincreasinglycompetitiveworld,kidsfacegrowingpressurefromparentstobeperfectandseverecriticismwhentheyfallshort.Everyfaultisablowtotheirself-esteem(自尊).I’veliveditmyself.WhenIwonthefifth-gradequizbowlonworldexplorers,Ibeatmyselfupafterwardformissingonequestion.HowcouldIforgetthatthesearoutetoIndiawasdiscoveredbydaGama,butnotMagellan?WhenImadethefinalsofaMortalKombattournamentandwonalifetimepasstoalocalmovietheater,Ididn’tcelebrate.Thirdplaceisthesecondloser.WhenIwonthefirstprizeinamathtest,Iwasdisappointed.Onlya98?Notgoodenough.Therewasalwaysavoiceinthebackofmymindwhisperingthatitwasn’tenoughandthatIcouldhavedonebetter.ItwasduringmycollegeyearsthatIstartedtoquestionthevalueofthisperfectionism.Imetpeoplewhodidn’tseemtobeweigheddownbythesameexpectations,whoacceptedtheirmistakesandsawthemasopportunitiesforgrowthratherthanfailures.Theytaughtmethatitwasokaytobeimperfect,thatitwashumantomakemistakes,andthatsometimes,themostimportantlessonscomefromourfailures.4.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?

A．Whytheauthorbecameaperfectionist.B．Thedisadvantageofbeingaperfectionist.C．Howtheauthorgotthegoodgradesinschool.D．Thefeelingofbeinggratefultotheauthor’smother.5.Whatmadetheauthorunsatisfiedwithwhathadbeenachieved?

A．Blamefromparents.B．Desiretogetfirstprize.C．Eagernesstobeperfect.D．Pressureofcompetitions.6.Whatmadetheauthorchangetheattitudetowardsperfectionism?

A．Losingexpectationtosucceed.B．Realizingtheharmofbeingperfect.C．Learninglessonsfromotherpeople’sfailure.D．Encounteringthoseacceptingimperfection.7.Whichcolumnofamagazinemaythetextbetakenfrom?

A．ParentingStyles.B．Coming-of-AgeStories.C．PeopleofAchievement.D．ChallengesFacingYouth.(★★★)Whydopeopletodayread“PrideandPrejudice”?Whydo“OneHundredYearsofSolitude”,“WarandPeace”and“ATaleofTwoCities”stillselltruckloadsofcopies?Becausecertainbooksimpactgenerationaftergenerationfordecades—orevencenturies—aftertheyarewritten.Scholars,criticsandotherscallsuchbookstheGreatBooks.Inadditiontostandingthetestoftime,thesenotableworksareconsideredgreatbecauseoftheirstorytelling,ideas,andfar-reachingculturalimpact.ReadingtheGreatBooksisliketakingthewell-worntrackthroughtheforest.Theyshowyouthewisdomthathassuccessfullyguidedgenerationsupongenerations.ThewisdomthatcomesfromreadingGreatBookswillbetterequipyoutohelmlife.However,manyofusarehesitanttoreadoldbooksbecausetheyarechallenging.Theyareoftenwrittenindifferenttimeperiods,culturesorlanguages.Buteverytimewetakeastepoutsideofourcomfortzone,wearegrowingintobetterversionsofourselves.GreatBookswillsharpenyourintellect.Theyrequiremorethinkingbecauseoftheircomplexideas—suchasthoseofPlato,AquinasorNietzsche.Moreoften,theyaredifficultbecausetheyaresimplydifferent.Theypullusoutoftheechochamber(回音室)ofourmodern,digital-dominatedworldintosomethingunlikeourexperience.Booksfromdifferenttimeperiodswillhavedifferentassumptionsandvalues.IfyouallowyourselftobestretchedbyreadingfromGreatBooks,thenyou’llfindyourworldviewclarified.Youwillbecomesomeonewhocanhandlechallengingideasandnotbescaredbythem.ReadingGreatBookswillalsogrowyoursympathyforothers,aswellasappreciationforthemanyfactorsthatshapewhoweareaspersons.Themostobviousexampleisinclassicliteraturethatgivesusawindowintoanotherperson’slife.8.WhataspectofGreatBooksistalkedaboutinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A．Thevarieties.B．Theinfluences.C．Thesales.D．Thestyles.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“helm”inparagraph2mean?

A．Sustain.B．Support.C．Manage.D．Start.10.WhatmaybeoneofthebenefitsofreadingGreatBooks?

A．Developingcriticalthinking.B．Adaptingtodifferentcultures.C．Escapingfromthereallife.D．Steppingoutofthecomfortzone.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsreadingGreatBooks?

A．Doubtful.B．Dismissive.C．Unclear.D．Enthusiastic.(★★★)OnChristmasevein1956,thelateMichaelBondboughtasmalltoybearthathadbeenleftontheshelfinaLondonstorebecausehefeltsorryforit.HetookithomeasapresentforhiswifeandnameditPaddington,aftertherailwaystation.MichaelbeganwritingaboutthebearfromDarkestPeruanddiscoveredhehadabookonhishands.ABearCalledPaddingtonwaspublishedon13thOctober1958andawholeseriesoftalesaboutthecharmingcharacterfollowed.TheyhavebeensinceadaptedforTVandfilmandhavestimulatedtheimaginationsofmillions.TherealinspirationbehindPaddingtonBearistheAndeanbearfromSouthAmerica’scloudforests.TheAndeanbearistheonlybearspeciesinSouthAmericaandisknownforthelightfurarounditseyes,likeglasses.Thelightcolormayvariablyextenddowntotheanimals’throatsandchests,givingeachindividualauniquesetofmarkings.Andeanbears’thickcoatsareusuallyeitherblackorbrown,occasionallywithred.TheactualAndeanbearismostlyvegetarian(素食者),withadietofbromeliadleaves,bamboo,berries,andfruits,thoughitalsoeatsmeatoccasionally.TheyarefoundinBolivia,Colombia,Ecuador,Peru,andVenezuela,livinginvarioushabitatsfrom5,000mto200mabovesealevel.TheIUCNRedListestimatesabout10,000adultsglobally,withBoliviaandPerulikelyhavingthemostduetohabitatqualityandsize.Andeanbearsrequirelargeandpreferablyundisturbedprotectedareas,andthereforeneedlandscape-scaleconservationefforts.Andeanbearsareexcellentclimbersandcommonlybuildtreeplatformsfromsurroundingvegetation(植被),onwhichtheyrest,eatandguardfeedingareas.Thespeciestendstobemostactiveduringtheday,butitsmovementvariesseasonallyandbetweengeographicareas.12.Whatfunctiondoesparagraph1serveinthetext?

A．Tosetthetone.B．Toleadinthetopic.C．Topreviewthestructure.D．Topresentthewritingpurpose.13.WhatisoneofthemostdistinctivefeaturesoftheAndeanbear?

A．Itsfurmarking.B．Itslivinghabitat.C．Itseatinghabit.D．Itsliteraryimage.14.WhyareBoliviaandPerulikelytohavethemostAndeanbears?

A．Theybuildtreeplatforms.B．Theyprovideplentyoffood.C．Theycanoffersuitablehabitats.D．Theyhaveexperiencedconservationists.15.WhatmightbeintroducedaboutAndeanbearsfollowingthelastparagraph?

A．Theiractivities.B．Theirappearance.C．Theirentertainment.D．Theirhuntingseasons.(★★★)Sportsinjurieshappenwhenwepushourbodytoohard,andmistakeslikerunningtoomuchornotwarmingupenoughcanalsocausethem.16.Setrealisticgoals.Youshoulddefinitelysetgoalsandworkhardtoachievethem.17.Whetheryourgoalistoswimmorelapsorrunaspecificdistance,setanobtainablegoalandgraduallyworktoimprove.Planandprepare.Ifyouplantobeginexercisingregularly,youshouldmeetwithahealthadviserfirstanddiscussyouroptions.18.Workingwithapersonaltrainerisoftenasafeandenjoyablewaytostartanewactivity.Warmupandcooldown.Itisimportanttowarmupbeforephysicalactivitybecauseresearchhasshownthataheatedmuscleislesslikelytobestrained(扭傷).Onewayexpertsrecommendissomelightwalkingorjoggingbeforeyoustartyourexerciseandthenagainafterwardtohelpyourmusclescooldownslowly.19.Thiscanbedonebystretchingbeforeandafteraworkout,butitisbesttodosooncethebodyisalreadywarm.Takeyourtime.Don’tpushyourselftoohardortoofast.20.Weneedtoallowforenoughtimetograduallyincreasetraininglevelssothatourbodieshavetimetoadjusttothestressonourbones,jointsandmuscles.Forinstance,whenyouarerunning,increasethedistancegraduallyandgiveyourselfplentyoftimetorecoverbetweenworkouts.

A．Gettinginshapeorlearninganewsporttakestime.B．However,it’scrucialthatyourgoalsarerealisticandachievable.C．Anotherimportantwaytopreventinjuryistoincreaseyourflexibility.D．Adjustyouractivitiesifyourbodyisshowingsignsoftoomuchstress.E．Also,takeyourtimetolearnthebesttechniquesrequiredforyoursport.F．Ifunsureofhowtodoanexerciseproperly,askacoachortrainerforhelp.G．Tohelpkeepyoufromexperiencingsuchinjuries,herearesomepreventivetips.二、完形填空(★★★)Morethan20yearsago,Ibrokeawayfromalmosteveryoneinmyfamily.Onthewhole,Ihadlongfelt_________,likeanoutsider.In2009,I_________tostartfreshwithmyfamily.Itwastimeformetotryto_________oratleastsortoutsomesmall,bothersomeproblems.Irealizedmyrelatives—andI—might_______asecondchance,andbesides,noneofuswasgettingany_________.Idecidedtogofamilymemberbyfamilymemberto_________.Mymother,then80,camefirst.ItwasshewithwhomIhad_________thedeepest,mosttroublingrift(裂痕).Ourlong-overduereunioninmyhometowninNewJerseywentasIhad_________.Wetalkeditallthrough—whathappenedandwhy,andhowwe_________now.“I’msorry,”I__________said.“I’msorry,too,”mymothersaid.Weheldhandsand__________.Andthatwasthat,motherandsononceagainwereonspeakingterms.__________bythisbreakthrough,Iwouldattemptthesamewithotherclose__________overthenextfewyears.OnThanksgiving2013,Iputmy__________familybacktogether.IreunitedwithrelativesI’dlastseen16yearsearlier.There,Ireestablishedmyrelationshipswithmyfather’stwosisters,then85and79,aswellasthreeofmyfirstcousins.Weeachthentookturnsatthedining-roomtablecitingourreasonsfor__________.“I’mjustgratefultobewelcomedbackintothefold,”Isaid.21.A．turneddownB．leftoutC．broughtupD．focusedon22.A．forgotB．resolvedC．refusedD．failed23.A．fixB．discussC．discoverD．ignore24.A．supplyB．deserveC．avoidD．offer25.A．olderB．richerC．strongerD．younger26.A．debateB．persuadeC．reconnectD．praise27.A．widenedB．causedC．narrowedD．mended28.A．hopedB．fearedC．rememberedD．observed29.A．lieB．competeC．feelD．respond30.A．finallyB．rarelyC．occasionallyD．suddenly31.A．jumpedB．shoutedC．arguedD．hugged32.A．InspiredB．DisappointedC．AnnoyedD．Confused33.A．friendsB．strangersC．relativesD．workmates34.A．harmoniousB．poorC．nuclearD．broken35.A．angerB．sorrowC．gratitudeD．joy三、語法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。TheForbiddenCityisthelargestmedieval(中世紀的)palacearchitectureintheworld,andwasthemainpalaceofChina’sfinaltwodynasties:theMingandQingdynasties.Itcoversavastarea,36.isabout150,000squaremeters,andincludesmanybuildings.WhilemostofthebuildingsintheForbiddenCity37.(make)fromwoodandhaveasimilarstyle,itsarchitectureisrich38.delicatevariationsandsymbolism.Ithassomeofthegrandestandmosthistorically39.(significance)buildingsandfeaturesinChina.Fengshuiis40.keyfeatureoftheForbiddenCity.41.(base)ontheprinciplesoffengshui,thelayoutwasdesignedtobesymmetrical(對稱的).Emphasizingtheunionbetweenmankindandnatureisoneofthemostimportant42.(practice)withinChinesetraditionsandphilosophy.43.(maintain)balanceandharmony,allthemainbuildingswereconstructedsymmetricallyalongthecentralaxis(軸).ThePalaceofHeavenlyPurity44.(particular)reflectsthisidea.Also,accordingtotraditionalChineseculture,thestatusoftheleftsideismuch45.(great)thantherightside.Therefore,theImperialAncestralTemplewasconstructedontheleft-handsideofthesouth-northaxis,andtheAltarofEarthandHarvestswassituatedontheright-handside.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假定你是國際學校音樂社團的負責人李華，你校準備組建一個多語種合唱團(multilingualchoir)，想邀請學校的英國老師Mr.Black來做音樂指導(instructor)。請你給他寫一封郵件，內容包括：1.寫郵件的目的；2.邀請理由。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearMr.Black,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達(★★★)47.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。We’djustdownsizedourhome.AsgratefulasIwastohavearoofoverourheads,Icouldn’thelpbutfeelblue.Ouroldhousewasbeautifulandhuge.Ourcurrenthome?Halfthesizeandcrowded.We’dhadtogiveawayorthrowawayalotofourstuff.Buttherewerestillboxeseverywhere,fromthefamilyroomtothegarage(車庫).Thedayafterthemove,whilethekidswereinschool,Itackledmoreboxes.Bytheafternoon,I’dmaderealprogress.Thefurniturewasunpacked.Thephotoswerehangingonthewalls.Butitjustdidn’tfeellikehome.MaybeIcouldchangethat.IcheckedthekitchencupboardandsawthatIhadenoughingredientstobakechocolatechipcookies.JustlikemygrandmausedtomakewheneverIneededcheeringup.Wouldn’tthatbeanicesurpriseforthekids?Whentheygothomefromschool,there’dbefreshcookieswaitingforthemonthekitchencounter.Iputonmyapron(圍裙),measuredoutthebrowns