高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武漢市江岸區2023-2024學年高三上學期元月質量檢測英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節,滿分30分)第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A.B.C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredidthemangoyesterday?A.Toalibrary. B.Toamuseum. C.Toatenniscourt.【答案】A【原文】W:Jennysaidsheplannedtoplaytenniswithyouyesterdaybutyouwerenotathome.M:IwenttotheCityLibrarytoborrowsomebooksformyresearchonmuseums.2.Whoisthewomantalkingto?A.Aneighbor. B.Herson. C.Adeliveryman.【答案】A【詳析】M:Excuseme,Mrs.Brown.Hereisapackageforyou.W:Thankyou,youngman.M:Actually,thedeliverymansentyourpackagetoourflatbymistake.Momaskedmetogiveitbacktoyou.3.WhyisGeorgelate?A.Hemissedthebus. B.Hisbikebrokedown. C.Hehadtochangeclothes.【答案】C【原文】W:George,youarelate.Whathappened?M:I’msorry,Ms.Green.Iwasonmybikewhenabusdrovebyandthenextsecondtherewasmudalloverme.Ihadtogobackandgetchanged.4.Howdidthemanfeelafterwatchingthevideo?A.Excited. B.Moved. C.Surprised.【答案】B【原文】M:Theshortvideohasmorethan2millionviewsnow.Haveyouwatchedit?W:Youmeantheoneyousharedyesterday?Yes.Iwaseventouchedtotears.M:Totellyouthetruth,sowasI.5.What’sthematterwithLaura?A.Sheisunderworkpressure. B.Shepressedthewrongbutton. C.Shebroketheprintingmachine.【答案】A【原文】W:Theprintingmachineisbroken!M:Calmdown,Laura.Justplugitin,andpresstheredbuttontoturniton.W:Oh,lookatme!Theprojectdrivesmemad!M:Youdoneedagoodrest.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C出最住選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary. B.Coachandplayer. C.Receptionistandcustomer.7.Whyistheswimmingpoolclosed?A.Itisunderdecoration. B.Itsequipmentneedsupdating. C.Todayisweeklycleaningday.【答案】6.C7.C【原文】W:Goodmorning,CrownHotel.CanIhelpyou?M:Goodmorning,thisisDavidCooper.IbookedaroomonyourappandI’mcallingtoconfirmitW:Sure,Mr.Cooper.Ihaveseenyourreservationhere.Oneroomfortodayandtomorrow.Whenareyougoingtocheckin?M:We’llprobablyarriveat9pm.Willtheswimmingpoolbeopenthen?W:I’msorry.ThepoolisclosedeveryMondayforcleaning.Butournewlydecoratedgymopenstillmidnight.Wehavesomenewsportsequipment.M:OK.Iwillhaveatry.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatwillthespeakershaveforsupper?A.Friedfood. B.Italianfood. C.Homemadefood.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Takeabath. B.Orderfoodonline. C.Gotoarestaurant.10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heiscreative. B.Heisgenerous. C.Heisthoughtful.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【原文】W:Idon’tfeellikecookingtoday.Let’sjustgetsomefooddeliveredonthephone.Howaboutsomefriedchickentonight?M:Friedchicken?Youneverlikedfriedfood!What’sgoingon?W:Iamstressedout,andtheysayfriedfoodcanbringinstantjoy.M:Nowonder.Listen,youdon’tactuallyneedthefriedchicken.IknowarestaurantthatservesthebestItalianfood.Ittasteslikemygrandma’shomemadedishes.Wouldyouliketotrysome?W:Youmeanrightnow?M:Yes!I’lldrive.W:ButIdon’twanttomoveaninch.M:Allright.Whataboutthis?YouhaveanicebathandI’lldrivetheretoordersometakeout.It’squicker.W:Oh,youarealwayssosweet,honey.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.HowdoesthemanlikeAvatar2?A.Disappointing. B.Average. C.Impressive.12.WhichpartofAvatar1attractedthemanmost?A.Theplot. B.Thecharacters. C.Thespecialeffects.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Comparethetwomovies.B.AppreciateAvatar2again.C.ExplainhisloveforAvatar1.【答案】11.A12.C13.B【原文】W:DidyougotoseethemovieAvatar2yesterday?M:Don’tmentionit!Itfeelslikearecycledmovie.W:Recycled?Whatdoyoumean?M:Thesetting,thecharacters,andeventheplotweresimilartoAvatar1.ThedirectorCameronseemstohaveremadeit.W:Youcan’tbeserious!Therehastobesomethingdifferent.M:Theonlydifferenceisthetitle,otherwiseIwouldn’thavegonetothecinema.W:Ithoughtyouwereafanofthedirector.Isitbecauseyouexpecttoomuchofhim?M:Probably.ThespecialeffectsofAvatar1aresowonderfulthatIsay“wow”everytimeIwatchit.Butthistime,Ididn’tfeeltheexcitementIhadexpected.W:Thatexplainsit.NothingcancomparetoAvatar1inyourmind.WhynotgiveAvatar2asecondchance?Thenprobablyyouwillchangeyourmind.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thecitymarathon. B.Thesupplydistribution. C.Thechangeableweather.15.Whendidthewomancompletehercourse?A.Around8:00. B.Around10:00. C.Around12:00.16.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemorning?A.Windy. B.Cloudy. C.Sunny.17.Whatwillthemanprobablydonextyear?A.Runarace. B.Workasavolunteer. C.Jointhelawoffice.【答案】14.A15.B16.B17.B【原文】M:Youtookpartintheannualcitymarathonlastweek!That’sawesome!Ididn’tknowyouareanathlete!W:Thankyou,butit’sjustahobby.Marathonallowsmetoescapefrommytiringworkatthelawoffice.M:Whatabouttherace?Didyoucompletethewholecourse?W:Iranahalfmarathon-about13milesaltogether.Ittookmeabout2hours.M:Oh,Icouldn’tevenpicturemyselfrunningthatlong,especiallyinsuchhotwindlessdays.W:Theracestartedat8o’clock,andluckilytherewereenoughcloudsthewholemorning.M:Didyoucarryanysupplieswithyou?W:No,thevolunteerswouldprovideuswithenoughsuppliesalongthepath.Itwasn’tastoughasyouthink.Wouldyouliketojoinmenextyear?M:Er,IthinkIcanhelpdistributethesuppliesandcheerfortheathletes.W:That’sagreatidea.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whathelpswomenfindmorescientificclues?A.Theirsixthsense. B.Theirworldview. C.Theirresearchmethods.19.Whocontributedtothedevelopmentoftheairconditionerincars?A.KatieHafner. B.RosalindFranklin. C.MargaretWilcox.20.Whatdoestheradioprogrammainlyfocuson?A.Publicopinionsonscience. B.Majorscientificbreakthroughs. C.Untoldstoriesoffemalescientists.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【原文】I’mKatieHafner,hostofanewweeklyradioprogramcalledLostWomenofSciencecomingnextNovember.Throughhistorywomenhavemadehundredsofscientificbreakthroughs.Theyhaveasixthsensethatenablesthemtopickoutmoreimportantclues.Butmanyofthefemalescientistsaremissingfrompublicview.ThemoreIdothisresearch,themoreIrealizethatwomenareattheheartofsomeofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinscience.Forexample,RosalindFranklincontributedmuchtothediscoveryofthestructureofDNA.AndtheworkofMargaretWilcox,anAmericanengineer,wascrucialtothedevelopmentoftheairconditionerincars.Eachseason,we’llexploreandcelebratethelifeandworkofonewomanwhoshapedourworldview.Andwe’llexploresomeofthereasonswhyyoumightnotknowhername.We’llbelookingatthebarriersthesewomenfaced,aswellastheirpassionanddrive.Joinusaswehonortheseremarkablestoriesyoumaynotknow.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節,滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A.B.C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。APeterE1:00PM.Thanksformeetingtoday.Iwantedtotouchbasewithallofyouregardingthenewadcampaignwejustlaunched.Canyougivemeanupdateonthestatistics?Bob1:02PMSure.TheaudienceouthereintheEastisrespondingverywelltothecommercials.Oursaleshaveincreasedbyabout40%sincethelaunch.Ithinktheemotionalaspectoftheadisworking.PeterE1:04PM.That’sreallygoodtoher.Isthereanythingweshouldbeconcernedabout?Bob1:05PMI’mjustworriedaboutthecost.Ilookedoverthebudgetforthecampaign,anditseemsextraordinarilyhigh.I’mnotsureiftheincreasedsaleswillcoverthecosts.Camilla1:07PMThat’swhat1wasthinkingtoo.Myterritoryisn’tseeingthesameincreaseinsalesa5Bob’s.AndthecostsaresimilarhereastheyareoutEast.Bob1:09PMWeshouldrethinkwhenandwhereweplaythecommercials.Thesalesincreasesarecomingmainlyfromyoungerpeople.Maybeweshouldfocusmoreonsocialmediaoutletsratherthanthetraditionalandmoreexpensivemethodsliketelevision.Camilla1:10PMIcompletelyagree.PeterE1:11PM.Thar’scertainlysomethingtoconsider.I’llbringthisuptomyteamhere.Camilla,canyougivemeanideaofyourfigures?Camilla1:12PMSure.Oursalessawaslightincreaseof5%thislastmonth.PeterE1:13PM.OK.Thanks.Canyousendmethedetailedreportsbytheendoftomorrow?Typoamessage21.WhatdoesCamillahavetosayaboutsalesinherregion?A.They’vestayedthesame. B.They’vegonedown. C.They’veimproved. D.They’veexploded.22.WhydoesBobthinkcommercialsViasocialmediaisabetteruseofmoney?A.Becauseitdoesn’ttakeasmuchefforttouse. B.Becausefewerpeopleareusedtosocialmedia.C.Becauseofhowcoothecompanywillappear. D.Becauseoftheirtargetaudience’spreference.23.Accordingtothepassage,whatpartoftheadisespeciallyeffective?A.Itshowslotsofdifferentadvantages. B.Itappealstopeople’Semotions,C.Itmeetspeople‘Svariousneeds. D.Itconveyssomesubtleideas.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【語篇解讀】本文是應用文，文章主要介紹了幾個人關于商品廣告的對話。【21題詳析】細節理解題。根據倒數第三欄中Camilla所說的話的“Sure.Oursalessawaslightincreaseof5%thislastmonth.(當然。上個月我們的銷售額小幅增長了5%。)”可知，卡米拉認為她所在地區的銷售已經改善了，故選C。【22題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第六欄中Bob第三次所說的話“Weshouldrethinkwhenandwhereweplaythecommercials.Thesalesincreasesarecomingmainlyfromyoungerpeople.Maybeweshouldfocusmoreonsocialmediaoutletsratherthanthetraditionalandmoreexpensivemethodsliketelevision.(我們應該重新考慮播放廣告的時間和地點。銷售額的增長主要來自年輕人。也許我們應該更多地關注社交媒體，而不是電視等傳統且更昂貴的方法)”可推知，Bob認為通過社交媒體做廣告是一種更好的花錢方式，因為他們符合目標受眾的偏好，故選D。【23題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二欄中Bob第一次所說的話“TheaudienceouthereintheEastisrespondingverywelltothecommercials.Oursaleshaveincreasedbyabout40%sincethelaunch.Ithinktheemotionalaspectoftheadisworking.(東部地區的觀眾對廣告反響非常好。自推出以來，我們的銷售額增長了約40%。我認為廣告的情感方面正在發揮作用。)”可知，根據這篇文章，廣告分特別有效的方面是它能喚起人們的情感，故選B。BWhenreading,mymotherlikestosliceaparagraphorasentenceoutandattachittothewallofherkitchen.Shepicksboringsentencesthatpuzzleme.ButIprefercopyingfavoritebrightlinesintoajournalinsoft,grayNo.2pencil,wordbyword.Shedoesn’tknowanyofthis.There'snothingshocking:forourchatting.weseldombegincertainconversationsthoughwetalkonthephoneweekly,sometimesmakingeachotherlaughsohardthatIchokeandshecries.Butwhatwedon'tsaycouldfilluprooms.Fightswithmyfather.Smallfailuresinschool.Anythingthatreallyupsetsus.Mymotherhasnevertoldme“Iloveyou,Lisa.”—asifthefour-wordabsenceexplainswhoIam—soIcarryitwithme,likealabelonme.Thelasttimeshealmostspokethewordswastwoyearsago,whenshecalledtotellmeafriendhadbeeninhospital.Isaid,“Iloveyou,Mom.”Shestoppedforawhileandthensaid,“Thankyou.”Ihaven'tsaiditsince,butI'vewonderedwhymymotherdoesn'tuntilI'vefoundapoemthatsupplieswordsfortheblankspacesItrytounderstandinourconversations:Don’tfilluponbread.Isayabsent-mindedly.Theservingsherearehuge.Myson,middle-aged,says:Didyoureallyjustsaythattome?Whathedoesn’tknowisthatwhenwe’rewalkingtogether,Idesiretoreachforhishand.It'shumble,yetheartbreaking.Aftercopyingitdowninmyjournal,Iemailedittomom,adding“Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.”Mymotherdoesn’treadpoetry—oratleast,shedoesn’ttellme,andIfeltnervousclicking“Send”.Shenevermentionedthepoem.ButthenexttimeIwenthomeforvacation,Inoticedsomethingnewinthekitchenfixedtoanantiqueboard:thepoem.Theboardhungabovetheheater,thewarmestspotinthekitchen.Thepoemstillhangsthere.NeithermymothernorIhaveeverspokenaboutit.24.What'sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Tostressthetheme. B.Toestablishthesetting.C.Torepresentthecharacters. D.Tocreatetheatmosphere.25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemotherdaughterrelationship?A.Shaky. B.Distant. C.Reserved. D.Intense.26.Whydidtheauthorsendthepoemtohermom?A.Itremindedherofmom'slove.B.Shewantedtoapologizetomom.C.Itsuitedmom'stasteofliterature.D.Sheneededaninterpretationfrommom.27.Whatdoesthepoemmeantomom?A.Amemoryofgoldendays.B.Daughter’sgratefulnesstoher.C.Adecorationintheplainkitchen.D.Daughter'sunderstandingofher.【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和母親對于表達愛時的關系，母親的內斂和寡言少語讓作者很不理解，但是最終一首詩讓作者意味著女兒對她的理解。【24題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Whenreading,mymotherlikestosliceaparagraphorasentenceoutandattachittothewallofherkitchen.Shepicksboringsentencesthatpuzzleme.ButIprefercopyingfavoritebrightlinesintoajournalinsoft,grayNo.2pencil,wordbyword.”（讀書的時候，我媽媽喜歡剪下一段或一個句子，貼在廚房的墻上。她挑了一些無聊的句子讓我迷惑不解。但我更喜歡用柔軟的灰色2號鉛筆把我喜歡的明亮線條逐字逐句地抄在日記本上。）可推知，第一段的作用是來展示人物性格特征。故選C項。【25題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Mymotherhasnevertoldme“Iloveyou,Lisa.”—asifthefour-wordabsenceexplainswhoIam—soIcarryitwithme,likealabelonme.Thelasttimeshealmostspokethewordswastwoyearsago,whenshecalledtotellmeafriendhadbeeninhospital.Isaid,“Iloveyou,Mom.”Shestoppedforawhileandthensaid,“Thankyou.””（我媽媽從來沒有對我說過“我愛你，麗莎。”——仿佛這四個字的缺席說明了我是誰，所以我隨身攜帶著它，就像身上的標簽一樣。她最后一次差點說出這句話是在兩年前，當時她打電話告訴我一個朋友住院了。我說：“我愛你，媽媽。”她停了一會兒，然后說：“謝謝。”）可推知，“寡言少語的，內斂的”是最能描述母女關系的。故選C項。【26題詳析】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Aftercopyingitdowninmyjournal,Iemailedittomom,adding“Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.””（我把這首詩抄在日記里，用電子郵件發給了媽媽，并補充說：“這首詩讓我想起了你。”）可知，作者把這首詩寄給她的媽媽是因為這讓她想起了媽媽的愛。故選A項。【27題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Ihaven'tsaiditsince,butI'vewonderedwhymymotherdoesn'tuntilI'vefoundapoemthatsupplieswordsfortheblankspacesItrytounderstandinourconversations.”（從那以后，我再也沒有說過這句話，但我一直在想，為什么母親一直不說，直到我找到了一首詩，為我在談話中試圖理解的空白提供了詞匯。）可知，這首詩對媽媽意味著女兒對她的理解。故選D項。CThecurbcut(下斜路緣).It’saconveniencethatmostofusrarely,ifever,notice.Yet,withoutit,dailylifemightbealotharder—inmorewaysthanone.Pushingababystrollerontothecurb,skateboardingontoasidewalkortakingafullgrocerycartfromthesidewalktoyourcar—allthesetasksareeasierbecauseofthecurbcut.Butitwascreatedwithadifferentpurposeinmind.It’shardtoimaginetoday,butbackinthe1970s,mostsidewalksintheUnitedStatesendedwithasharpdrop-off.Thatwasabigdealforpeopleinwheelchairsbecausetherewerenoramps(斜坡)tohelpthemmovealongcityblockswithoutassistance.Accordingtoonedisabilityrightsleader,asix-inchcurb“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”.So,activistsfromBerkeley,California,whoalsoneededwheelchairs,organizedacampaigntocreatetinyrampsatintersectionstohelppeopledependentonwheelsmoveupanddowncurbsindependently.Ithinkaboutthe“curbcuteffect”alotwhenworkingonissuesaroundhealthequity(公平).ThefirsttimeIevenheardaboutthecurbcutwasina2017StanfordSocialInnovationReviewpiecebyPolicyLinkCEOAngelaBlackwell.Blackwellrightlynotedthatmanypeopleseeequity“asazero-sumgame.”Basically,thatthereisa“prejudicedsocietalsuspicionthatintentionallysupportingonegrouphurtsanother.”Whatthecurbcuteffectshowsthough,Blackwellsaid,isthat“whensocietycreatesthecircumstancesthatallowthosewhohavebeenleftbehindtoparticipateandcontributefully,everyonewins.”Therearemultipleexamplesofthisprincipleatwork.Forexample,investinginpoliciesthatcreatemoreliving-wagejobsorincreasetheavailabilityofaffordablehousingcertainlybenefitspeopleincommunitiesthathavelimitedoptions.But,theactionalsoempowersthosepeoplewithopportunitiesforbetterhealthandthemeanstobecomecontributingmembersofsociety—andthatbenefitseveryone.Eventhefootballhuddle(圍成一團以秘密商討)wasinitiallycreatedtohelpdeaffootballplayersatGallaudetCollegekeeptheirgameplanssecretfromopponentswhocouldhavereadtheirsignlanguage.Today,it’susedbyeveryteamtoshieldtheopponentfromlearningaboutgame-winningstrategies.So,nexttimeyoucrossthestreet,orrollyoursuitcasethroughacrosswalkorrideyourbikedirectlyontoasidewalk—thinkabouthowmuchthecurbcut,thatchangeindesignthatbrokedownwallsofexclusionforonegroupofpeopleatadisadvantage,hashelpednotjustthatgroup,butallofus.28.By“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”(paragraph3),thedisabilityrightsleaderimpliesthatasix-inchcurbmaybecome________.A.asfamousastheworld’shighestmountainB.analmostimpassablebarrierC.aconnectionbetweenpeopleD.amostunforgettablematter29.AccordingtoAngelaBlackwell,manypeoplebelievethat________.A.it’sfairtogivethedisadvantagedmorehelpthanothersB.it’simpossibletohaveeveryonebetreatedequallyC.it’snecessarytogoallouttohelpthedisabledD.it’snotworthwhiletopromotehealthequity30.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthe“curbcuteffect”principle?A.Spaceflightdesignsareappliedtolifeonearth.B.FourgreatinventionsofChinaspreadtothewest.C.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewworld.D.Classicliteraturegottranslatedintomanylanguages.31.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.Everydayitemsareoriginallyinventedforpeoplewithdisabilities.B.Everyoneinasocietyshouldpursuewhatisinhisorherinterest.C.Adisabilityrightsleaderchangedthelifeofhisfellowmen.D.Caringfordisadvantagedgroupsmayfinallybenefitall.【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。6英寸長的沒有斜坡的路緣對于坐輪椅的人來說“就像珠穆朗瑪峰一樣”，而當這個問題解決，受益的不僅是坐輪椅的群體，還有我們所有人。這個現象也即是下斜路緣效應，即當社會創造條件，允許那些被落下的人充分參與和貢獻，每個人都是贏家。【28題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段第二三句“Thatwasabigdealforpeopleinwheelchairsbecausetherewerenoramps(斜坡)tohelpthemmovealongcityblockswithoutassistance.Accordingtoonedisabilityrightsleader,asix-inchcurb“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”.(這對坐輪椅的人來說是一件大事，因為沒有斜坡可以幫助他們在沒有幫助的情況下沿著城市街區移動。一位殘疾人權益領袖表示，6英寸長的路緣“就像珠穆朗瑪峰一樣”。)”可知，沒有斜坡，6英寸長的路緣對于坐輪椅的人來說是一個幾乎無法逾越的障礙。故選B。【29題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段第三四句“Blackwellrightlynotedthatmanypeopleseeequity“asazero-sumgame.”Basically,thatthereisa“prejudicedsocietalsuspicionthatintentionallysupportingonegrouphurtsanother.”(布萊克威爾正確地指出，許多人將公平視為“零和游戲”。基本上，有一種“有偏見的社會懷疑，故意支持一個群體傷害另一個群體。”)”可知，零和游戲是一方得益一方受損的局面，布萊克威爾指出很多人把下斜路緣的設計認為是零和游戲，也即是認為這是不可能實現的公平。故選B。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段末句“Whatthecurbcuteffectshowsthough,Blackwellsaid,isthat“whensocietycreatesthecircumstancesthatallowthosewhohavebeenleftbehindtoparticipateandcontributefully,everyonewins.”(然而，布萊克威爾說，下斜路緣效應表明，“當社會創造條件，允許那些被落下的人充分參與和貢獻，每個人都是贏家。”)”第五段前三句“Therearemultipleexamplesofthisprincipleatwork.Forexample,investinginpoliciesthatcreatemoreliving-wagejobsorincreasetheavailabilityofaffordablehousingcertainlybenefitspeopleincommunitiesthathavelimitedoptions.But,theactionalsoempowersthosepeoplewithopportunitiesforbetterhealthandthemeanstobecomecontributingmembersofsociety—andthatbenefitseveryone.(以下是該原則發揮作用的多個例子。例如，投資于能夠創造更多生活工資崗位或增加經濟適用房供應的政策，肯定會使那些選擇有限的社區的人們受益。但是，這項行動還使這些人有機會獲得更好的健康，并有辦法成為對社會有貢獻的成員，這使每個人都受益。)”可知，下斜路緣效應指的是當社會創造條件，允許那些被落下的人充分參與和貢獻后，最終會使每個人都受益。結合選項，A項“Spaceflightdesignsareappliedtolifeonearth.(航天設計應用于地球上的生命。)”涉及到地球上的每一個人，能很好地解釋下斜路緣效應。故選A。【31題詳析】主旨大意題。根據最后一段“So,nexttimeyoucrossthestreet,orrollyoursuitcasethroughacrosswalkorrideyourbikedirectlyontoasidewalk—thinkabouthowmuchthecurbcut,thatchangeindesignthatbrokedownwallsofexclusionforonegroupofpeopleatadisadvantage,hashelpednotjustthatgroup,butallofus.(所以，下次你過馬路的時候，或者你把行李箱推過人行橫道的時候，或者你騎自行車直接上人行道的時候，想想路沿的下斜，想想這種設計上的改變打破了對處于不利地位的一群人的排斥之墻，不僅幫助了這個群體，而且幫助了我們所有人。)”可知，路沿的下斜不僅幫助了坐輪椅的群體，而且幫助了我們所有人。所以，對弱勢群體的關愛最終會讓所有人受益。故選D。DGentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.Deepsleepiscriticalformemoryconsolidation.However,beginninginmiddleage,deepsleepdecreasessubstantially,whichscientistsbelievecontributestomemorylossinaging.Thesoundstimulationsignificantlyenhanceddeepsleepinparticipantsandtheirscoresonamemorytest.“Thisisaninnovative,simpleandsafenon-medicationapproachthatmayhelpimprovebrainhealth,”saidPhyllisZee,professoratNorthwesternUniversityintheUS.“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsandattenuatingnormalage-relatedmemorydecline,”saidZee.Zeeandateamofresearchersgathered13adults,60andolder,andmonitoredtheirsleepinalabfortwonights.Onbothnights,theparticipantstookamemorytest,wenttobedwhilewearingheadphonesandaspecialcap,andtookanothermemorytestinthemorning.Butwithouttheparticipants’awareness,researchersonlyplayedpinknoiseintotheheadphonesononenight.Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.Thesystemtheyemployedinthestudyallowedtheteamtodeliveralowburstofpinknoiseatthe“precisemoment”whentheparticipants’slowwavesrose—apatternthatisuniquetoeachperson.Thestudyfoundthatparticipants’slowwavesincreasedafterthenightofsoundstimulation,suggestingthattheyweregettingmoredeepsleep.Andonthemorningafterhearingpinknoise,theyperformedthreetimesbetteronmemoryteststhantheydidaftersleepingwithoutanysoundstimulation.Previousresearchshowedpinknoiseduringdeepsleepcouldimprovememoryconsolidationinyoungpeople.Butithasnotbeentestedinolderadults.Thenewstudytargetedolderindividualsandusedanovelsoundsystemthatincreasedtheeffectivenessofthesoundstimulationinolderpopulations.Thestudywasarelativelysmallone,sofurtherresearchisneededtoconfirmitsfindingsandtostudyhowlonger-termuseofpinknoiseaffectssleep.ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.32.Thenewstudymainlyrevealsthat_____.A.deepsleepconsolidatesoldadults’memoryB.pinknoiseboostsmemoryamongtheelderlyC.sleepdisordersplayakeyroleinmemorylossD.soundstimulationincreasesthelengthofsleep33.Theword“attenuating”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.A.worsening B.reversing C.slowingdown D.bringingabout34.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewstudy?A.Itemployedasoundsystemprogrammedinstepwithbrainwaves.B.Itcomparedtheeffectsonolderadultsandonyoungerpopulations.C.Itrepeatedtheexperimentseveraltimeswithouttheparticipants’notice.D.Itadjustedtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillationstomatchthestimulations.35.Itcanbeinferredthattheapproachusedinthestudy_____.A.mayputoldadultsinriskinthelongrunB.hasthepotentialtobeappliedinpracticeC.requiresaninnovativeandaffordabledeviceD.needsNorthwestern’spatentforconfirmation【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項新的研究發現，輕柔的聲音刺激，也被稱為粉紅噪音，可能會明顯改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他們回憶單詞的能力。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及方法。【32題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段“Gentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.(一項新的研究發現，輕柔的聲音刺激，也被稱為粉紅噪音，可能會明顯改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他們回憶單詞的能力)”可知，這項新研究主要揭示了粉色噪音能提高老年人的記憶力。故選B。【33題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsand”以及后文“normalage-relatedmemorydecline”可知，這是一種潛在的工具，可以增強老年人的記憶，緩解與年齡有關的正常記憶衰退。故畫線詞意思是“緩解”。故選C。【34題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段“Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.(更具體地說，他們對聲音進行了定時，以匹配參與者的慢波振蕩。在深度睡眠時，腦電波緩慢到大約每秒一次振蕩，而在清醒時大約每秒10次振蕩)”可知，新研究采用了一種與腦電波同步的音響系統。故選A。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.(但西北大學已經采取措施為研究人員的技術申請專利，似乎找到了一種在正確的時間刺激慢波的方法。該團隊希望開發一種價格合理的設備，人們可以在家里舒適地躺在床上使用)”可推知，本研究中使用的方法具有應用于實踐的潛力。故選B。第二節(共5小題:每小題公2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。YourBrainWasMadeForWalkingIfapresident,alegendaryphilosopher,andoneofthebestsellingauthorsofalltimecreditedthesamesecretfortheirsuccess,wouldyoutrytofollowittoo?Whatifthesecretwassomethingyoualreadyknewhowtodo?____36____.Getwalking!It’snotjustsomepeoplewhomadeacaseforitasaprimecreativitybooster.____37____AStanfordUniversitystudyfoundthatparticipantswere81percentmorecreativewhenwalkingasopposedtositting.Accordingtothestudy,walkingoutside—versusonatreadmill(跑步機)—producesthemostnovelandhighestqualityanalogiesinparticipantswhowalkedandthensatdowntodocreativework.Themovementaspectofwalkingisobviouslykey.You’veprobablyheardthephrase“Exerciseyourcreativity”,whichreferstothebrainasmuscle.Ourcreativemindsetisstimulatedbyphysicalmovement.____38____Butthesceneryisalmostasimportantasthesweat.TheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurveyrevealsthatAmericansspend87percentoftheirtimeindoors.Beinginside,you’remorelikelytostagnation(停滯),theantithesisofenergy.____39____Justbygoingoutside,youaresteppingoutofyourhabitualsurroundingsandyourcomfortzone,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttoopenyourmindtonewpossibilities.____40____Engagemorecloselywithyoursurroundingsforthenextfourweeks.Turnoffyourphoneandgiveyourselfthechancetobepresentintheworld,tohearconversationsandnaturalsounds,tonoticethewaypeoplemove.Walknotjustforexercise.Walkforwonder.A.Infact,youprobablydoiteveryday.B.Physi