常德市優(yōu)質(zhì)高中學(xué)校聯(lián)盟·2024年下學(xué)期高二期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)本試卷共8頁(yè)。全卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如有改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Gotoamaskparty.B.Visithisbestfriends.C.Arrangeawedding.2.Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Tired.3.Whydidthewomanfindtheman?A.Toattendtohissickdog.B.Tocomplainabouthisdog.C.Tohelphimfindthelostdog.4.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Professorandstudent.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.5.Wherewillthetwospeakersgoattheweekend?A.Theschoollibrary.B.Thecentralcinema.C.Thelocalgrocery.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwastheproblemwiththewoman?A.Herbusinesssuffered.B.Herofferwasdeclined.C.Hersonwasbadlyill.7.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Awkward.B.Upset.C.Positive.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydoesthewomanthinkHollandisconsiderate?A.Hewillseethefreshmenoff.B.Hewillliftanoticeableboard.C.Hewillholdvariousactivities.9.Howwillthespeakersreachtheairport?A.Bycar.B.Bycoach.C.Bybus.10.WhatwillMrSmithdotonight?A.Holdawelcomeceremony.B.Takestudentstothedormitory.C.Prepareamealforstudents.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheman'strouble?A.Hehasabadcoldandfeelstired.B.Heisindecisiveaboutfuturejob.C.Hecan'tfindawell-paidpost.12.Whatdoestheman'sauntdo?A.Amanager.B.Anemployer.C.Anengineer.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Accepthisaunt'soffer.B.Holdontohisowndream.C.Takehisparents'advice.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhydoesthemanpreferStarCafe?A.Itispopularonline.B.Itoffersagoodservice.C.Itisnotfaraway.15.WhereistheStarCafe?A.OppositetheNationalBank.BAcrossfromalocalpark.C.OntheThirdAvenue.16.Whenwilltheroombecleaned?A.At6:00am.B.At7:00am.C.At11:00am.17.Whowillarrangeforadrivertopickuptheman?A.Thewoman.B.Themanhimself.C.Theman'ssecretary.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wherewilltheymeettotakeabus?A.Thenearestbusstation.B.Thefrontgateoftheschool.C.Thebackgateoftheschool.19.Whatisthevisitintendedtodo?A.Appreciatediverseanimalsandplants.B.Raiseawarenessofecologicalprotection.C.Takebeautifulpicturesofbeautifulview.20.Whatwillthelistenersdorightafterthevisit?A.Gobackhome.B.Haveameal.C.Watchafilm.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADenaliNationalParkAtriptoAlaskaissimplyincompletewithoutexperiencingDenaliNationalPark.KeepreadingforexpertDenaliNationalParkadviceonthefollowingthreeaspects.WhattoDoDestinationsintheparkincludetheStonyHillOverlook,PolychromePass,EielsonVisitorCenter,WonderLake,andthehistoricKantishnatownsite.OfthemanythingstodointheDenaliarea,theverybestwaytoexperiencetheparkissightseeingonanarratedbustour.Youwillhaveaccessto43scenicmilesoftheParkRoad.ThegreaterDenaliParkareaofferslotsofactivities,too.Flightseebywingedplaneorhelicopter,takeaguidednaturalisthike,ATV,orzipline.There'ssomethingforeverytraveler.PleasevisitourThingstoDoinDenaliNationalParkpageformoreideas.WheretoStayDuetoitslocationintheinteriorofthestateandthetimerequiredtotakeinthisexpansivepark,werecommendspendingtwoorthreenightsintheDenaliNationalParkarea.Nearlyallaccommodationoptionsarelocatedoutsidetheparkentrance.WerecommendtheDenaliBluffsHotel,theGrandeDenaliLodge,andtheDenaliWildernessLodge.Ifyoupreferauniquewildernessexperience,astayatabackcountryinninsidetheparkissuretofulfillallyourexpectations.AlocalfavoriteisthehistoricKantishnaRoadhouse,anall-inclusivebackcountryinn90mileswithinthepark.HowtoGetthereLocatedalongtheParksHighway,theentrancetoDenaliNationalParkisapproximately240milesnorthofAnchorageand125milessouthofFairbanks.DenaliNationalParkisaccessiblebycarorviatheAlaskaRailroadfromeitherAnchorageorFairbanks.AnothergreatoptionistheParkConnectionMotorcoach,whichoffersdailysummerservicebetweentheparkandSeward,Whittier,Anchorage,andTalkeetna.SeeourDenaliNationalParkTransportationpageforacompletelistofoptions.Forfurtherinformation,pleaseclickhere.1.Whatisthetopchoicetoexperiencethepark?A.Toenjoyviewsonanarratedbus. B.Tostayinaninnwithinthepark.C.Totakeaguidednaturalisthike. D.Tooverlookviewsinahelicopter.2.WhichhotelisusuallychosenbynativesinDenali?A.DenaliBluffsHotel. B.GrandeDenaliLodge.C.KantishnaRoadhouse. D.DenaliWildernessLodge.3.Wherecanyoufindthetextabove?A.Aguidebook. B.Atravelbrochure.C.Awebsite. D.Anewsreport.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是關(guān)于德納里國(guó)家公園三個(gè)方面的旅行建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“OfthemanythingstodointheDenaliarea,theverybestwaytoexperiencetheparkissightseeingonanarratedbustour.(在德納里地區(qū)有許多可做的事情，體驗(yàn)公園的最佳方式是乘坐有講解的巴士游覽)”可知，體驗(yàn)公園的首選是在有旁白的公共汽車上欣賞風(fēng)景。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分“AlocalfavoriteisthehistoricKantishnaRoadhouse,anall-inclusivebackcountryinn90mileswithinthepark.(當(dāng)?shù)厝俗钕矚g的是歷史悠久的KantishnaRoadhouse，這是一家位于公園內(nèi)90英里的包羅萬(wàn)象的鄉(xiāng)村旅館)”可知，德納里當(dāng)?shù)厝送ǔ＿x擇KantishnaRoadhouse。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Forfurtherinformation,pleaseclickhere.(欲知詳情，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊此處)”可推知，文章在網(wǎng)頁(yè)中可以找到。故選C。BDaveGoodmanstartedworkingcomedyclubsalloverthecountrysuchasCambridgeandHawaii.Afteryearsofwakingupinadifferentporteveryday,DaveeventuallyputdownrootsinSouthernCalifornia.Apartfromacting,Davealsopublishedhisfirstbookin2015“ConfessionsofaCruiseShipComedian”,whichquicklyclimbedtheAmazonBestSellersListandachievednumerous5Starreviews.InadditiontohavingtraveledmillionsofmilesentertainingandmakingpeoplelaugharoundtheworldDavealsoperformsforourtroopsstationedallovertheglobe.DavehasmadenumeroustripstothePacificRim,HawaiiandacrosstheUnitedStatesentertainingthemilitary.ThisexperiencehasmadeDavegaingreatrespectfrompeoplearoundtheworld.Attheageof37,Daveweighedapproximately356pounds,makinghimaheavyguyandhadalreadysufferedaheartattack.ManypeoplewhostrugglewiththeirweightareunsatisfiedwiththeirlivesandDavewascertainlynoexception.Davehadbattledwithhisweightforhisentirelife.SinceDave’scopingmechanismwashumor,thismadehimanawesomecomedian—arisingstaroftelevisionandfilm,whosebrilliantcareertookhimallaroundtheworld.Onstage,Davewasamasteratmakingpeoplelaugh,butoffstage,hefeltmiserableashisweightincreasedsoquicklythatitwasoutofcontrol.TheturningpointhappenedwhenDavemadeapromisetohisdyingfriendtoloseweightandgraduallygethealthy.That’swhenDavemadeithismissiontoturnhislifearound.Inunder18monthsandwithanewwayofrecoveringfitness,goingonadiet,adoptingdoctor’sadviceandreceivingencouragementfromrelatives,Davelostanincredible175pounds,nearly50%ofhistotalbodyweight.Throughhisjourney,Davehaslearnedtheimportanceoflivingwithahealthymentalattitudeandphysicallifestyle.4.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Daveisacelebrityofdiverseabilities.B.Daveisaresponsibleanddeterminedman.C.Dave’sfirstbookwaswidelyacceptedbyreaders.D.DavesettleddowninSouthernCaliforniawithhiswife.5.WhichofthefollowingmadeDavegetglobalrespect?A.Dave’ssuccessexampleoflosingweight.B.Davehasofferedconsiderableshowstothearmy.C.Dave’soutstandingcareercaughtmuchattention.D.Davehastravelledmanyplacestoentertainpeople.6.WheredidDave’smentalpaincomefrom?A.Hisunwelcomeperformance. B.Hisrapidlyincreasingweight.C.Hisunsatisfyingactingaccomplishment. D.Hisunpleasantsufferingofaheartattack.7.WhydidDavemakeuphismindtoloseweight?A.Hisheartdisease. B.Hisdoctor’sadvice.C.Hisrelatives’encouragement. D.Hiscommitmenttohisfriend.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了喜劇演員Dave的個(gè)人故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Apartfromacting,Davealsopublishedhisfirstbookin2015“ConfessionsofaCruiseShipComedian”,whichquicklyclimbedtheAmazonBestSellersListandachievednumerous5Starreviews.(除了表演，Dave還在2015年出版了他的第一本書(shū)《一個(gè)游輪喜劇演員的自白》，這本書(shū)很快登上了亞馬遜暢銷書(shū)排行榜，獲得了無(wú)數(shù)的五星好評(píng))”可知，Dave的第一本書(shū)在讀者中很受認(rèn)可，被讀者廣泛接受。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DavehasmadenumeroustripstothePacificRim,HawaiiandacrosstheUnitedStatesentertainingthemilitary.(戴夫曾多次前往環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)，夏威夷和美國(guó)各地招待軍隊(duì))”可知，Dave為世界各地的軍人表演而受到尊重，故選B。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Onstage,Davewasamasteratmakingpeoplelaugh,butoffstage,hefeltmiserableashisweightincreasedsoquicklythatitwasoutofcontrol.(在舞臺(tái)上，Dave是逗人發(fā)笑的大師，但在舞臺(tái)下，他感到痛苦，因?yàn)樗捏w重增加得太快，以至于失去了控制)”可知，舞臺(tái)下，讓Dave痛苦的是由于失控的體重，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheturningpointhappenedwhenDavemadeapromisetohisdyingfriend,toloseweightandgraduallygethealthy.(轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)發(fā)生在Dave向他垂死的朋友承諾要減肥并逐漸恢復(fù)健康的時(shí)候)”可知，Dave下定決心減肥是由于對(duì)即將去世的朋友的承諾，故選D。CEverysix-year-oldwantstobeanastronaut.Thiscareergoalisrightuptherewithfirefighter,detective,cowboyandballetdancer.Beforelong,though,mostrecognizethattheydonotmeet,andwillinfactnevermeetthenon-negotiablephysicalstandardsforthejob.Infact,survivalchancesforanylong-termmissionwillbegreatlyimprovedbylooseningtherestrictionsuntilallpeople,regardlessofdisability,areabletobeastronauts.Herewewillusetheexampleofatotallyblindastronaut.Onaspacewalkin2001,CanadianastronautChrisHadfieldwastemporarilyblindedbyacombinationofsoapandtearsinsidehishelmet.Therealproblemwasnotthathewasunabletosee,butitwasthatthecurrentspacesuitdesignforcesastronautstoover-relyonhand-eyecooperationtotheexclusionofotherusefulsensoryinformation.Forblindastronauts,theprioritywouldbetodesignsuitswithbetterflexibilityandincreasedtouchfeedback,sothehandscouldbeusedmoreeasilytoexploreandcontroltools.Generallyspeaking,inaseriousaccident,thefirstthingtogomightbethelights!Thisoftenmeansthatthefirstthingasightedastronautmustdoforsecurityisensurevisualaccesstotheenvironment.Hehuntsforaflashlight,andifemergencylightingcomeson,hiseyestakeamomenttoadjust.Meanwhile,theblindastronautisalreadyheadingtowardthesourceoftheproblem.InthefireaboardtheRussianMirspacestationin1997,thecrewstruggledassmokeblockedtheirview.Theblindastronaut,whilestillaffectedbythelackofgoodair,wouldnotbebotheredbyeitherdulllightingorheavysmoke.Shewouldaccuratelydirectthefireextinguisheratthesourceofheatandnoise.Furthermore,ablindastronautwon’tfeelthesicknesscausedbythelackofavisualhorizonnorbelostbythefrighteningviewduringspacewalks.Similarly,therewouldbelittlereasontoworryaboutthedamagemicrogravitydoestovisionasfluidaccumulatesintheeye.Soasaspaceobserver,Istronglybelievespaceflightcanbemadesaferwithablindcrewmateaboard.8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthefirstparagraphaboutbeinganastronaut?A.Thedreamtobeanastronautfadeswithage. B.Astronautsshouldbephysicallyperfect.C.Onewithdisabilitycanalsobeanastronaut. D.Physicalstandardsarenotimportant.9.What’stherealproblemduringChrisHadfield’sspacewalk?A.Hedependedtoomuchonhiseyesight. B.Heignoredothersensoryinformation.C.Hewasunabletoseeanythinginspace. D.Hewasinfluencedbytearsinhishelmet.10.TheauthormentionsthefireaboardtheRussianMirspacestationtoshowblindastronauts__________.A.arebetterthancommonastronauts B.mayhavequickerreactiontodangerC.canputthingsintotheircorrectplace D.aregoodatusingfireextinguishers11.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Thefutureofspaceflight. B.Thedilemmaofspaceflight.C.Theblindastronauts’prospects. D.Theblindastronauts’advantages.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要談?wù)摿藲埣踩耍と耍┮材艹蔀橛詈絾T的優(yōu)勢(shì)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Infact,survivalchancesforanylong-termmissionwillbegreatlyimprovedbylooseningtherestrictionsuntilallpeople,regardlessofdisability,areabletobeastronauts.(事實(shí)上，通過(guò)放寬限制，直到所有人，無(wú)論是否殘疾，都能成為宇航員，任何長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)的生存機(jī)會(huì)都會(huì)大大提高。)”可知，作者在第一段暗示了殘疾人也可以成為宇航員。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Onaspacewalkin2001,CanadianastronautChrisHadfieldwastemporarilyblindedbyacombinationofsoapandtearsinsidehishelmet.Therealproblemwasnotthathewasunabletosee,butitwasthatthecurrentspacesuitdesignforcesastronautstoover-relyonhand-eyecooperationtotheexclusionofotherusefulsensoryinformation.(在2001年的一次太空行走中，加拿大宇航員ChrisHadfield被頭盔內(nèi)的肥皂和淚水暫時(shí)弄瞎了眼睛。真正的問(wèn)題不是他看不見(jiàn)，而是目前的宇航服設(shè)計(jì)迫使宇航員過(guò)度依賴手眼合作，排除了其他有用的感官信息。)”可知，ChrisHadfield太空行走時(shí)真正的問(wèn)題是過(guò)于依賴視力，而忽視了其他有用的感官信息。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Meanwhile,theblindastronautisalreadyheadingtowardthesourceoftheproblem.InthefireaboardtheRussianMirspacestationin1997,thecrewstruggledassmokeblockedtheirview.Theblindastronaut,whilestillaffectedbythelackofgoodair,wouldnotbebotheredbyeitherdulllightingorheavysmoke.Shewouldaccuratelydirectthefireextinguisheratthesourceofheatandnoise.(與此同時(shí)，這位盲人宇航員已經(jīng)朝著問(wèn)題的根源前進(jìn)。1997年，在俄羅斯和平號(hào)空間站發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，由于煙霧阻擋了他們的視線，機(jī)組人員奮力掙扎。盲人宇航員雖然仍然受到缺乏良好空氣的影響，但不會(huì)被昏暗的燈光或濃煙所困擾。她會(huì)準(zhǔn)確地將滅火器對(duì)準(zhǔn)熱源和噪音源。)”可知，作者提到俄羅斯和平號(hào)空間站的火災(zāi)是為了表明盲人宇航員對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)可能更快。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Furthermore,ablindastronautwon’tfeelthesicknesscausedbythelackofavisualhorizonnorbelostbythefrighteningviewduringspacewalks.Similarly,therewouldbelittlereasontoworryaboutthedamagemicrogravitydoestovisionasfluidaccumulatesintheeye.Soasaspaceobserver,Istronglybelievespaceflightcanbemadesaferwithablindcrewmateaboard.(此外，盲人宇航員不會(huì)因?yàn)槿狈σ曇岸械綈盒模膊粫?huì)因?yàn)樘招凶邥r(shí)的可怕景色而迷失方向。同樣，也沒(méi)有理由擔(dān)心微重力對(duì)眼睛中液體積聚造成的視力損害。因此，作為一名太空觀察者，我堅(jiān)信有一名盲人機(jī)組人員在太空飛行時(shí)會(huì)更安全。)”可知，本段主要講述了盲人宇航員的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選D。DChlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),thechemicalsthattoreaholeinEarth’sprotectiveozone(臭氧)layerwithinyearsoftheirmassproduction,aregettingreadytomakeacomebackinthelate21stcentury,inaprocessacceleratedbyclimatechange,researcherssay.TheMontrealProtocolbannedtheuseofCFCsworldwidein1987,afterresearchersdiscoveredthatCFCshaddamagedtheozonelayerthatprotectslifeonEarthfromharmfulradiation.AndtheMontrealProtocolhasmostlyworked—CFClevelsintheatmospherehavedroppedsharplyinrecentdecades,andtheozonelayerhasbeguntorepairitself,asLiveSciencereported.ButallthoseCFCsalreadyreleasedintotheatmospherehadtogosomewhere.Andformanyofthosemolecules(分子),thatsomewherewastheworld’soceans.Now,anewstudyprojectsthatasCFClevelsintheatmospheredropandtheoceanswarm,someofthosehiddenozone-killerswillendupbackintheair—almostasifsomecountriesdecidedtobeginreleasingthemagain.That’sbecausetheoceanandatmospheretendtostayinbalance.Whentheatmospherehasalotofmoleculesthatcanfullymixedwithwater,likeaCFC,theoceanssuckupsomeofit.Andwhentheoceanshavealotofthatsamemoleculesbuttheatmospheredoesn’t,theytendtoreleaseitbackintotheair.AstheworldhasstoppedproducingCFCs,CFClevelsintheatmospherehavedropped,andtheoceansaretakinginlessandlessfromtheair.Eventually,thebalancewillbebroken,andtheoceanswillbecomeemitters(排放者)ofCFCs.Atthesametime,climatechangewarmstheoceans,whichreducestheamountofCFCsagallonofoceanwatercanhold,speedingtheprocess.Thisnewstudyshowswhenallthosefactorsshouldcometogether,andturntheoceansfromCFC-spongestoCFC-emitters.12.WhatcanweknowaboutCFCs?A.Theyprotecttheearthfromdangerousradiation.B.Peoplewillcreatethemagaininthelate21stcentury.C.Manyofthemintheatmosphereendedupintheoceans.D.Theyhavebeentotallyforbiddenafterbeingspottedin1987.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“suckup”inParagraph4mean?A.Absorb. B.Release. C.Submit. D.Overcome.14.WhichofthefactorscontributestoturningtheoceansintoCFCemitters?A.DecreasedabilityofwatertokeepCFCs. B.Severalcountries’decisiontoemitCFCs.C.HigherlevelsofCFCsintheairthaninwater. D.BrokenCFCmoleculesduetoclimatechange.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CFCs:theKillerofEarth’sOzoneLayer B.Ozone-destroyingCFCsonitsWayBackC.CFCsPermittedtobeEmittedintoOceans D.HowDoesClimateChangeAffectPlanetEarth?【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了海洋吸收的氯氟烴（CFCs）將從海洋中釋放出來(lái)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“ButallthoseCFCsalreadyreleasedintotheatmospherehadtogosomewhere.Andformanyofthosemolecules(分子),thatsomewherewastheworld’soceans.(但所有已經(jīng)釋放到大氣中的CFCs都必須去某個(gè)地方。對(duì)于其中許多分子來(lái)說(shuō)，那是世界海洋的某個(gè)地方)”可知，大氣中的許多CFCs最終進(jìn)入了海洋。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由最后一段“Whentheatmospherehasalotofmoleculesthatcanfullymixedwithwater,likeaCFC,theoceanssuckupsomeofit.Andwhentheoceanshavealotofthatsamemoleculesbuttheatmospheredoesn’t,theytendtoreleaseitbackintotheair.(當(dāng)大氣中有很多可以與水完全混合分子，如CFC，海洋會(huì)其中的一部分。當(dāng)海洋中有很多相同的分子，但大氣中沒(méi)有時(shí)，它們往往會(huì)將其釋放回空氣中)”中theoceanshavealotofthatsamemolecules可知，這里指海洋吸收大氣中的一些CFC分子，所以推斷suckup的意思是“吸收”，與A項(xiàng)Absorb意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。從最后一段“Atthesametime,climatechangewarmstheoceans,whichreducestheamountofCFCsagallonofoceanwatercanhold,speedingtheprocess.Thisnewstudyshowswhenallthosefactorsshouldcometogether,andturntheoceansfromCFC-spongestoCFC-emitters.(與此同時(shí)，氣候變化使海洋變暖，這減少了每加侖海水中可以容納的CFCs的量，加快了這一過(guò)程。這項(xiàng)新的研究表明，何時(shí)所有這些因素應(yīng)該結(jié)合在一起，將海洋從CFC海綿變成CFC排放者)”可知，水容納CFC的能力下降是導(dǎo)致海洋變成CFC排放者的一個(gè)因素。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章開(kāi)篇指出氯氟烴（CFCs）這種在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)后破壞地球臭氧層的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，在21世紀(jì)后期由于氣候變化的加速作用可能會(huì)卷土重來(lái)，接著解釋了因?yàn)榇髿夂秃Ｑ笾蠧FCs的平衡以及海洋變暖等因素，隱藏在海洋中的CFCs會(huì)重新回到空氣中。所以B選項(xiàng)Ozone-destroyingCFCsonitsWayBack(破壞臭氧層的CFCs卷土重來(lái))準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，即CFCs會(huì)在21世紀(jì)后期重新回到空氣中，對(duì)臭氧層再次造成威脅。所以B選項(xiàng)可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Themediamayplayasignificantroleinourbodyimageandhowwefeelaboutourselves.Wecanconsciouslyandunconsciouslycompareourselvestothe“perfect”imagesofpeopleweseeinmagazines,commercials,films,andsocialmedia.___16___Infact,self-consciousfeelingstowardourbodiesarepopularinsociety.Asacommonpeople,youcanlearntoimproveyourself-esteemandbodyimageandstartfeelinggoodaboutwhoyouare,thewayyouare.___17___Italsoprovidestoolstopromoteahealthy,positivebodyimage.Ourattentionisoftenfocusedontheconnectionbetweenthemediaandbodyimageforwomen.___18___Womeninthemediatypicallylookpolishedandtogether.Theymayhaveperfecthairandmakeup,amazingcomplexions(膚色),thinwaistlines,andcurves“inalltherightplaces.”Likewise,meninthemediaaregenerallytall,muscular,andmasculinewithtonedphysiques.Howpeoplelookinthemediacreatesanunrealisticimageofwhatmanypeoplethinktheyshouldlooklike.Only5%ofsocietyresemblestheimagesdescribedinthemedia.And59%ofpeoplefindbeautyfiltersusedinsocialmediatroubling.Manystudieshaveshownthatthemoretimewespendviewingmedia,thehigherthechancewe’llexperiencelowself-esteem.___19___Theymightengageindruguseordrinkabuseatlast.___20___Forexample,inAncientGreece,the“ideal”bodytypeforwomenwas“full-bodied”;duringtheItalianRenaissance,the“ideal”womanhadaroundedstomachandplentyofcurves;andtheAmerican1990softenfeaturedwomenwhowereverythinwithmoreremarkablefeatures.A.Ifyoustrugglewithyourbodyimage,youaren’talone.B.Society’saccountofthe“ideal”bodyiscontinuallyshifting.C.Whenyoupaymuchattentiontoyouimage,you’llbeoutofplace.D.Manystudiesalsoindicatedthatgirlstendtoposttheirimagesonline.E.However,therelationshipexistsforpeopleofallgendersandidentities.FThisarticleexplorestheconnectionbetweenbodyimageandthesocialmedia.G.Onestudyfoundthatboyswhofeltpressureabouttheirweightweremorelikelytohavedepression.【答案】16.A17.F18.E19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹媒體可能在我們的身體形象和我們對(duì)自己的感受中發(fā)揮重要作用，我們可以有意識(shí)和無(wú)意識(shí)地將自己與我們?cè)陔s志、商業(yè)廣告、電影和社交媒體上看到的那些人的“完美”形象進(jìn)行比較?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Wecanconsciouslyandunconsciouslycompareourselvestothe“perfect”imagesofpeopleweseeinmagazines,commercials,films,andsocialmedia.(我們可以有意無(wú)意地將自己與我們?cè)陔s志、廣告、電影和社交媒體上看到的“完美”形象進(jìn)行比較。)”可知，我們有意無(wú)意地拿自己與自己看到的“完美”形象進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)合下文的“Infact,self-consciousfeelingstowardourbodiesarepopularinsociety.(事實(shí)上，對(duì)自己身體的自我意識(shí)在社會(huì)上很流行。)”可知，對(duì)自己身體的自我意識(shí)是很流行的，由此可知，此空起到承上啟下的作用，A選項(xiàng)“Ifyoustrugglewithyourbodyimage,youaren’talone.(如果你在與自己的身體形象作斗爭(zhēng)，你并不孤單。)”承接上文，由于社交媒體，人們過(guò)度注重外在，追求完美的自己，從而引出下文說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)普遍的現(xiàn)象。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Italsoprovidestoolstopromoteahealthy,positivebodyimage.(它還提供了促進(jìn)健康、積極的身體形象的工具。)”可知，其中的it應(yīng)指的是此空中的名詞單數(shù)，且it所指的內(nèi)容給人們提供了促進(jìn)健康的工具，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Thisarticleexplorestheconnectionbetweenbodyimageandthesocialmedia.(這篇文章探討了身體形象和社交媒體之間的聯(lián)系。)”中的thisarticle是下文中it所指的內(nèi)容，且下文的also也指明了文章行文的兩個(gè)目的：一是本文探討了身體形象與媒體之間的聯(lián)系；二是提供工具促進(jìn)健康的積極的身體形象。故選F項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Ourattentionisoftenfocusedontheconnectionbetweenthemediaandbodyimageforwomen.(我們的注意力經(jīng)常集中在媒體和女性身體形象之間的聯(lián)系上。)”可知，通常人們關(guān)注的是媒體和女性身體形象之間的聯(lián)系，結(jié)合下文的“Womeninthemediatypicallylookpolishedandtogether.(媒體中的女性通?？雌饋?lái)精致且有條不紊。)”和“Likewise,meninthemediaaregenerallytall,muscular,andmasculinewithtonedphysiques.(同樣地，媒體中的男性通常高大、肌肉發(fā)達(dá)、陽(yáng)剛，并且身材線條分明。)”可知，媒體與形象的關(guān)系不僅是存在女性身上，由此可知，此空與上文內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，E選項(xiàng)“However,therelationshipexistsforpeopleofallgendersandidentities.(然而，這種關(guān)系存在于所有性別和身份的人之間。)”講述的內(nèi)容與上文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，從而引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Theymightengageindruguseordrinkabuseatlast.(他們最終可能會(huì)涉足藥物濫用或酗酒。)”可知，此空中應(yīng)包含they指代的內(nèi)容，且指代的對(duì)象可能會(huì)涉足濫用藥物或酗酒，G選項(xiàng)“Onestudyfoundthatboyswhofeltpressureabouttheirweightweremorelikelytohavedepression.(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，感到體重壓力的男孩更容易出現(xiàn)抑郁情緒。)”中的boys為名詞復(fù)數(shù)，且與后文形成順承關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此處應(yīng)為本段的總起句，結(jié)合下文的“Forexample,inAncientGreece,the“ideal”bodytypeforwomenwas“full-bodied”;duringtheItalianRenaissance,the“ideal”womanhadaroundedstomachandplentyofcurves;andtheAmerican1990softenfeaturedwomenwhowereverythinwithmoreremarkablefeatures.(例如，在古希臘，“理想”的女性體型是“豐腴的”；在意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，“理想”的女性擁有圓潤(rùn)的腹部和眾多曲線；而20世紀(jì)90年代的美國(guó)，則常常推崇非常纖瘦且特征顯著的女性。)”可知，在不同時(shí)期，社會(huì)對(duì)女性的身體有著不一樣的推崇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由此可知，該段主要講的是社會(huì)對(duì)“理想”身體的描述正在不斷變化，B選項(xiàng)“Society’saccountofthe“ideal”bodyiscontinuallyshifting.(社會(huì)對(duì)“理想”身材的描述在不斷變化。)”總結(jié)了本段的主題，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Asnewtermwasaroundthecorner,asanewly-hiredchemistryteacher,Ineededsomeexperimentalinstrument.Therefore,Iturnedtothelaboratory___21___forhelp.BeforeIleft,westarteda(n)___22___andthenIwastotally___23___byheramazingexperience.InthewinterholidaysheonherownhadgonetoaprimitiveforestcalledGreenParadise,whichis___24___visitedbyhumanbeings.Shejustrentedacarandbroughtsomepersonalbelongings.Alltheway,shehardlysawanotherfigureasshe___25___orhiked.Thephotossheshowedme___26___mefromfreezingNewYorktothebrilliantsunshineandgreentreesofGreenParadise,whereshecouldappreciatethebeautifulviews.Butwhatreally___27___mewasthatthiswomanisdefinitelyfearless.Infact,Iusedtothinkthatshewasunabletostepoutofthecomfortzonesincesheistiny.However,Iwasabsolutely___28___.WhenIaskedherwhethershewas___29___ofbeingaloneintheforest,shesaidnowithoutany___30___.Sheevenenjoyedbeingsurroundedbysuchincrediblepurebeautyandsoughtthe___31___oflife.Furthertalkrevealedthatshewasayoungsinglemotherwith3kidsandworkedtirelesslydayandnightto___32___.Eventhoughherlifewastough,shedidn’t___33___pursuingtheacademic.Instead,sheobtainedherdegreeineducationandfoundanidealjobwithhandsomepay.Actually,ourbrieftalk___34___metoleadamoremeaningfullifeandshealsotaughtmethatIshouldneverjudgeapersonfromhisorher___35___.21.A.designer B.cleaner C.technician D.guard22.A.discussion B.conversation C.complaint D.activity23.A.wokenup B.broughtup C.wornaway D.blownaway24.A.always B.often C.rarely D.occasionally25.A.mounted B.slept C.behaved D.drove26.A.prevented B.transported C.blew D.banned27.A.amazed B.scared C.hit D.upset28.A.afraid B.wrong C.determined D.delighted29.A.free B.typical C.aware D.frightened30.A.excuse B.hesitation C.doubt D.difficulty31.A.fortune B.fame C.meanings D.principles32.A.survive B.escape C.succeed D.suffer33.A.quit B.continue C.mean D.consider34.A.inspired B.enabled C.forced D.asked35.A.gender B.experience C.appearance D.education【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.B31.C32.A33.A34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者是一名新入職的化學(xué)老師，在新學(xué)期來(lái)臨前，為了一些必需的實(shí)驗(yàn)器材，向?qū)W校實(shí)驗(yàn)室的技術(shù)員尋求幫助。兩人之間簡(jiǎn)短的談話使作者被技術(shù)員驚人的經(jīng)歷所震撼，并激勵(lì)作者去過(guò)更有意義的生活，也教會(huì)了他不要以貌取人?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我向?qū)嶒?yàn)室技術(shù)人員求助。A.designer設(shè)計(jì)師；B.cleaner清潔工；C.technician技術(shù)人員；D.guard門(mén)衛(wèi)。根據(jù)上文“asanewly-hiredchemistryteacher,Ineededsomeexperimentalinstrument.(作為一名新聘的化學(xué)老師，我需要一些實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器)”可知，能夠?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)老師提供實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器的應(yīng)該是實(shí)驗(yàn)室的技術(shù)人員。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我離開(kāi)之前，我們開(kāi)始了一段對(duì)話，然后我完全被她驚人的經(jīng)歷所震憾。A.discussion討論；B.conversation對(duì)話；C.complaint抱怨；D.activity活動(dòng)。根據(jù)第三段“Furthertalkrevealedthatshewasayoungsinglemotherwith3kidsandworkedtirelesslydayandnightto12.(進(jìn)一步的談話顯示，她是一個(gè)年輕的單身母親，有3個(gè)孩子，為了生存，她日夜不知疲倦地工作)”和最后一段“Actually,ourbrieftalk14metoleadamoremeaningfullife(事實(shí)上，我們簡(jiǎn)短的談話激發(fā)了我過(guò)更有意義的生活)”可知，作者和技術(shù)員之間進(jìn)行了一段談話，之后完全被她驚人的經(jīng)歷所震驚。故選B。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在我離開(kāi)之前，我們開(kāi)始了一段對(duì)話，然后我完全被她驚人的經(jīng)歷所震撼。A.wokenup被喚醒；B.broughtup被撫養(yǎng)；C.wornaway疲憊不堪；D.blownaway被震驚。根據(jù)句中“amazingexperience”和下文“Butwhatreally7mewasthatthiswomanisdefinitelyfearless.(但真正讓我驚訝的是，這個(gè)女人毫無(wú)畏懼)”和文章內(nèi)容可知，作者被這個(gè)技術(shù)員驚人的經(jīng)歷震驚了。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在寒假里，她獨(dú)自一人去了一個(gè)叫做綠色天堂的原始森林，那里很少有人去。A.always總是；B.often經(jīng)常；C.