2025屆高考英語復習：歷年優質真題、模擬題專項（閱讀理解+應用文寫作）練習

I.閱讀理解

A

2024?新課標I卷，D說明文354詞★★★☆☆

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersand

citizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoften

intheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshifts

inthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeof

recordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecies

withtheaidofamobileapplication,“saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyand

assistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."These

observationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens（標本），and

sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingto

globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruand

histeamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有

偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplant

insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,and

species.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobile

devicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.These

dataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

uQuitealot,“Daruexplained.^Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinform

usersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.

Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohave

anexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

B

2023?全國甲卷說明文285詞★★☆☆☆

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfull

ofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoke

tomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophy

fasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou

一andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophers

reawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkand

experiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseach

philosophersworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisa

readinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,and

havenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabook

aboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofour

experiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeof

themostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessby

decoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationis

clear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyouto

takehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.

5.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

6.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C?Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinefsbook.

7.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinefsbook?

A?Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

n.應用文寫作

[2024?新課標I卷]假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術課。請你給英國朋

友Chris寫一封郵件分享這次經歷，內容包括：

1.你完成的作品；

2.你的感想。

注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；

2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。

DearChris,

PmwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.

Yours,

LiHua

參考答案

I.閱讀理解

A

2024?新課標I卷，D說明文354詞★★★☆☆

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersand

citizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoften

intheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshifts

inthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeof

recordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecies

withtheaidofamobileapplication,“saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyand

assistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."These

observationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens（標本），and

sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingto

globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Damand

histeamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有

偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplant

insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,and

species.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobile

devicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.These

dataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinform

usersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.

Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohave

anexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學研究——生物樣本數據的可用性

【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了一個有關生物樣本數據的研究。文章探究了生物樣本數

據的可用性，指出了實證研究發現的問題并提出了提高數據質量的措施。

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據第一段的“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversity

are...videos,andotherdigitalrecords.”可知，現在,大多數生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視

頻和其他的數字記錄形式存在。故選B項。選項中的^electronicform”是對原文中的“videos,

andotherdigitalrecords”的同義轉換。

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據第二段的“andsinceweareincreasinglyusing

observationaldata...Aretheyusable?”可知，Daru及其團隊使用觀察數據來研究物種是如何

對全球變化作出回應的，他想知道這些觀察數據是否可用。再根據第三段的內容可知，Daru

及其團隊使用一個全球數據集，測試這些數據在多大程度上展示了實際的全球生物多樣性模

式。由此可知，Daru的研究關注觀察數據。故選C項。A項“瀕危物種”；B項“實物標

本”；C項“觀察數據”；D項“手機應用程序

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

答案與解析：C推斷。根據第四段的“Wewereparticularlyinterested...insteadofthegrass

rightnexttoit”可知，研究人員對探索可能導致數據偏差的采樣的方方面面特別感興趣，比

如公民科學家很有可能只拍開花植物而不拍它旁邊的青草。由此可知，采樣方式的不當會導

致數據偏差，故選C項。A項“數據分析中的錯誤”；B項”上傳的圖片質量差”；D項“數

據收集設備不可靠”。

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據第七段的“Biodiversityappscanuse...tohavean

expertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage”可知，生物多樣性應用程序可以使用

Daru他們的研究結果來讓用戶知道哪些地區是采樣過量的地區，并且引導他們去對采樣不

是很好的地方或者物種進行采樣。為了改善觀察數據的質量，生物多樣性應用程序也鼓勵用

戶讓專家確認他們上傳的圖片。結合第五段的"thepeoplewhoget...citizenscientists”可知，這

里的用戶指代的是公民科學家。故選D項。A項“檢查特定區域的數據”；B項“雇用專

家去檢查記錄”；C項“確認用戶身份”；D項“給公民科學家一些指導”。

B

2023?全國甲卷說明文285詞★★☆☆☆

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfull

ofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoke

tomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophy

fasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou

一andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeinefsTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophers

reawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkand

experiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseach

philosophersworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisa

readinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,and

havenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabook

aboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofour

experiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeof

themostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessby

decoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationis

clear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyouto

takehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。作者在13歲時開始喜歡哲學，隨后Weiner的書

SocratesExpress喚起了作者對哲學的熱愛。文章通過介紹了TheSocratesExpress這本書，

倡導讀者花時間去讀這本書。

5.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

答案與解析：C細節理解題。根據第一段wasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopy

ofJosteinGaarder*sSophiasWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthe

summerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldof

philosophy（哲學）.（我13歲的時候，一個叔叔給了我一本JosteinGaarder的《Sophie的世界》。

書里面的觀點對我來說都很新奇，所以我整個夏天都在鉆研那本書。它對我說話，把我帶入

一個哲學的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder為作者打開了通往哲學的大門。故選C。

6.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneon

atrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofone

thingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,

seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.（Weiner在每一章

的開頭都描述了一個城市之間火車旅行的場景，然后將每一位哲學家的著作框定在一個他們

能夠幫助我們做得更好的事情上。最終的結果是，我們學會了像蘇格拉底一樣思考，像梭羅

一樣看，像叔本華一樣聽，像尼采一樣沒有遺憾。）”可知，作者在第四段開頭描寫了Weiner

書的內容，接著作者通過列舉了幾位偉大的哲學家來描寫讀完這本書后我們能從中學到的東

西，由此可推知，作者列舉了幾位偉大的哲學家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiner的書。故選D。

7.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

答案與解析：B細節理解題。根據第四段中“This,morethanabookaboutunderstanding

philosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealiffe.（這不僅僅是一本關于理

解哲學的書，更是一本關于學習運用哲學來改善生活的書。）”可知，作者喜歡TMSob或es

和~ss這本書，是因為它的思想可以應用到日常生活中。故選B。

8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner*sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtan

appealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyof

humor.（他使哲學思想成為一種有吸引力的練習，可以提高我們經驗的質量，而且他在做這

件事的時候充滿了幽默感。）”可知，Weiner的書很幽默，根據最后一段中“TheSocrates

Expressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖

銳的書，它以其表面上的簡單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進對欲望、孤獨和衰老的深層思

考中。）”可知，Weiner的書簡單易懂，由此可知，Weiner的書既幽默又簡單易懂。故選D。

II.應用文寫作

[2024?新課標I卷]假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術課。請你給英國朋

友Chris寫一