絕密★考試結(jié)束前2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中杭州地區(qū)（含周邊）重點中學(xué)高二年級英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘；2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效；4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第I卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共5小題每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthemeetingstart?A.At9:10.B.At9:20.C.At9:25.2.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tolearnaboutapolicy.B.Tocancelanappointment.C.Toaskaboutamedicalbill.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Awebpage.B.Acomputerproblem.C.Adownloadedfile.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Inadeliverycompany.C.Atahotel5.WhatdothespeakersthinkofJoel?A.Heisorganized.B.Heisunreliable.C.Heissilent.第二節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthemanrespondtothewoman’srequest?A.Confusedly.B.Impolitely.C.Patiently.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.PayfortheparkingB.Comebackhome.C.Deliverapackage.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatfielddothespeakersworkin?A.Publishing.B.Education.C.Informationtechnology.9.WhatisthemainreasonforchoosingReiko’sstory?A.It’swellstructured.B.ItcanattractmorepeopleC.Ithasaneducationaltheme.聽第7段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShehastakenSpanishclasses.B.ShehasbeentoSpainmanytimes.C.ShehaslearnedSpainforwork.11.Howlongwillthecourselast?A.Aboutonemonth.B.Abouttwomonths.C.Aboutthreemonths.12.Whydoesthemanadvisethewomantoregisterearly?A.Thenumberofplacesisdecreased.B.Theregisteringtimeislimited.C.Theclassesareverypopular.13.Whatdoesthewomanrequestintheend?A.Alistofthetextbooks.B.Athinbookonthecourses.C.Awaytocontactthecenter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Anarchitect.B.Ateacher.C.Aneditor.15.WhatinspiredAndytopursuehiscareer?A.Hisdesiretodevelopattractivespaces.B.Hisaimofpromotinggreenerlifestyles.C.Hisfamilytraditioninthisfield.16.WhatismentionedasahighlightofAndy’scareer?A.Completingaprojectaheadofschedule.B.WorkingonalandmarkbuildingC.Startinghisownbusiness.17.WhatdoesAndyvaluemostaboutworkinginconstruction?A.Stayingupdatedontechnology.B.Keepingcuriousandcreative.C.Promotingteamwork.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Recommendinganorganization.B.Introducingaprofession.C.Presentingaguest.19.WhatdoesDanielCarlin’scurrentjobinvolve?A.Studyingadvancedmedicaltechnology.B.Establishingsomenewclinics.C.Offeringremoteconsultations.20.Whatisthelong-termgoalofCarlin’sclinic?A.Toaidmedicalstaffindevelopingnations.B.TogivemedicaltreatmenttoAmericansabroad.C.Toprovidefreemedicaltreatmentforneedyareas.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AUsefulstudytoolsTheInternethastransformedallaspectsofourlives,includinghowwestudy.Itgivesusaccesstonumerousresourcesandeducationforpeoplewhoneedhelpinaccessingitinphysicalmodes.KhanAcademyKhanAcademyisanonlinestudytoolthatoffersawiderangeofcoursestaughtbyexperts.Youcanusetheapptolearnnewskills,brushuponexistingones,prepareforatestandmore.Italsoletsyoutrackyourprogressandlearnatyourownpace.What’sbetteristhatitisentirelyfree.OuizletOuizletoffersmanyhelpfulonlinestudytoolsthatmakeitessentialtostudents’lives.Frominteractiveflashcardstocomprehensivestudyresources,itmakeseducationandlearningfun.Ithasover250millionpre-madestudysets.Youcanalsocreateandshareyourflashcardswithothersforbettercooperation.Thepriceis$6permonth,andyoucangetafree7-daytrialontheannualplan.HippoCampusHippoCampusisafreeonlinestudytoolthatimprovesyourlearningwithvideos,animations,courseoutlinesandotherlearningresources.Thesetoolsmakeitincrediblyusefulforvisuallearners.Youcanuseitfor13subjects,includingnaturalscience,Englishandmath,etc.DuolingoIfyouarealanguagestudent,Duolingoisamust-havestudytool.Quick,bite-sizedlessonsandpersonalizedlearningcanmakelanguagelearningfunandinteractive.Butthat’snotallDuolingocanteachItcanalsohelpyoulearnphonicsandmathlessons.Thebestpartisthatthebasicversioniscompletelyfree.TheSuperDuolingois$6.99permonthandtheDuolingoBusinessis$49.99peryear.1.WhatdoKhanAcademyandHippoCampushaveincommon?A.Beingavailableatnocost. B.Enablingprogresstracking.C.Offeringaccessto250studysets. D.Makingfinalpreparationsfortests.2.WhatisspecialaboutOuizlet?A.Itcovers13subjects. B.Itspecializesinstudents’lives.C.Itisdesignedformathlearners. D.Itallowscooperativelearning.3.Whichtoolisthebestchoiceforalanguagelearner?A.Ouizlet. B.Duolingo. C.HippoCampus. D.KhanAcademy.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹一些網(wǎng)上有用的學(xué)習(xí)工具。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由KhanAcademy中“What’sbetteristhatitisentirelyfree.(更好的是它是完全免費的。)”和HippoCampus中“HippoCampusisafreeonlinestudytoolthatimprovesyourlearningwithvideos,animations,courseoutlinesandotherlearningresources.(HippoCampus是一個免費的在線學(xué)習(xí)工具，通過視頻、動畫、課程大綱和其他學(xué)習(xí)資源來提高你的學(xué)習(xí)效果。)”可知，KhanAcademy和HippoCampus都是免費提供。故選A項。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Ouizlet中“Youcanalsocreateandshareyourflashcardswithothersforbettercooperation.(您還可以創(chuàng)建抽認(rèn)卡并與他人分享，以便更好地合作。)”和其他三個學(xué)習(xí)工具可知，Ouizlet是允許合作學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Duolingo中“Ifyouarealanguagestudent,Duolingoisamust-havestudytool.(如果你是一名語言學(xué)生，Duolingo是一個必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。)”可知，Duolingo是語言學(xué)習(xí)者的最佳選擇。故選B項。BIwassittinginthepassengerseatofapickuptruck.MynewfriendSherry,wasdrivingmeintoatowntoresupplyinexchangeforstoriesandcuriosities.Sheaskedme,“Aren’tyouscaredoutthere,ayounggirl,alone,inthewoods?”Irepliedcalmly,“I’mabsolutelyterrified.”O(jiān)verthecourseofmyhike,I’vefoundthatthephysicalstrengthofhikingthousandsofmilescanbeimpressivetosomepeople.Buttomostpeople,therealquestionssurroundourmentalcourageandhowweovercomefearsandfrustrations.Hikingisaphysicalactivitythatnearlyanyonecoulddo.Thru-hikingistohikewhileacceptingthephysical,mentalandenvironmentalfrustrations.Thru-hikingisasportofcourageandperseverance.ThechallengesIhavemetthroughoutmytimeontheAppalachianTrailcouldbeseenonthesurfaceasphysicalillness.Frominjuredanklestovirusinfection,manyofmyfrustrationswerecausedbymisstepsandbadtiming.It’seasytoenjoyahikeonacool,sunnydaywhentheweathercooperatesandyourbodyflowswiththetrail.However,thru-hikingmorecommonlyinvolveshikinginweatherthatcancausesweatingandsorefeetthathavelastedformonths.WhenIapproachedthetrail,IthoughtprovinghowstrongIcouldbephysicallywouldscareawaytheproblemspartofmedidn’twanttodealwith.ButitwasonthetrailthatIcamefacetofacewithmypersonalproblemsandinsecurities.Despiteitsincredibleabilitytoconnectus,socialmediacanalsogivefalseimpressionsofday-to-daylifeouthere.Somepeoplemayseemyownsocialfeedsandthinkhikingisallaboutviewsandwildlife.Whattheworlddoesn’tseeisthatmyanxietyledmetoquestionwhetherI’mfitforthislifestyle.SometimesmydepressionmademewonderwhetheralloftheeffortIputinwasenough.Sometimesseeminglysimpletaskscanleadtopanicattacks.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’shikeontheAppalachianTrail?A.Shemadealotoffriends. B.Sheworkedoutagoodplanforit.C.Sheenjoyedamomentofpeacethere. D.Shefacedphysicalandmentalchallenges.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelonthetrail?A.Terrified. B.Helpless C.Confident. D.Proud.6.Whatistheauthor’sviewonsocialmedia?A.Itusuallytellsonlypartofthetruth. B.Itrevealsserioussocialproblems.C.Itmostlycoversimportantevents. D.Itisfilledwithfalseinformation.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteaspiritualjourney. B.Tocomparedifferenthikingtrails.C.TointroducetheAppalachianTrail. D.Toshareherreflectiononhiking.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在阿巴拉契亞步道徒步旅行中的經(jīng)歷，包括面對的身體與心理挑戰(zhàn)，以及對生活的深刻反思。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Overthecourseofmyhike,I’vefoundthatthephysicalstrengthofhikingthousandsofmilescanbeimpressivetosomepeople.Buttomostpeople,therealquestionssurroundourmentalcourageandhowweovercomefearsandfrustrations.(在我的徒步旅行過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)徒步數(shù)千英里的體力可以讓人印象深刻。但對于大多數(shù)人來說，真正的問題圍繞著我們的精神勇氣，以及我們?nèi)绾慰朔謶趾痛煺?”可知，作者在徒步過程中遇到了身體和心理上的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章文章第一段“Irepliedcalmly,“I’mabsolutelyterrified.”(我平靜地回答說：“我非常害怕”)”及第五段“WhenIapproachedthetrail,IthoughtprovinghowstrongIcouldbephysicallywouldscareawaytheproblemspartofmedidn’twanttodealwith.ButitwasonthetrailthatIcamefacetofacewithmypersonalproblemsandinsecurities.(當(dāng)我接近這條小徑時，我以為證明自己有多強(qiáng)壯會嚇跑我內(nèi)心不想面對的問題。但在小徑上，我直面了自己的個人問題和不安全感)”可知，作者想用身體的強(qiáng)大以嚇跑不敢面對的問題，但事實上并沒有，作者沒有安全感，感到害怕。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Despiteitsincredibleabilitytoconnectus,socialmediacanalsogivefalseimpressionsofday-to-daylifeouthere.Somepeoplemayseemyownsocialfeedsandthinkhikingisallaboutviewsandwildlife.Whattheworlddoesn’tseeisthatmyanxietyledmetoquestionwhetherI’mfitforthislifestyle.(盡管社交媒體有令人難以置信的能力將我們聯(lián)系在一起，但它也會給日常生活的外貌帶來虛假的印象。有些人可能會看到我自己的社交動態(tài)，認(rèn)為徒步只是關(guān)于風(fēng)景和野生動物。但世界看不到的是，我的焦慮使我質(zhì)疑自己是否適合這種生活方式)”可知，作者認(rèn)為社交媒體上展示的內(nèi)容并不全面，它通常只講述了部分真相。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文及文章第三段“Hikingisaphysicalactivitythatnearlyanyonecoulddo.Thru-hikingistohikewhileacceptingthephysical,mentalandenvironmentalfrustrations.Thru-hikingisasportofcourageandperseverance.(徒步是一種幾乎任何人都能進(jìn)行的活動。穿越徒步是指在徒步時接受身體、心理和環(huán)境帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。穿越徒步是一項勇氣和毅力的運動)”及最后一段“SometimesmydepressionmademewonderwhetheralloftheeffortIputinwasenough.Sometimesseeminglysimpletaskscanleadtopanicattacks.(有時，我的抑郁讓我懷疑我所付出的所有努力是否足夠。有時候，看似簡單的任務(wù)會導(dǎo)致恐慌發(fā)作)”可知，在文中作者分享了自己在阿巴拉契亞步道徒步的經(jīng)歷，包括遇到的身體與心理挑戰(zhàn)，以及對社交媒體的看法等，旨在分享她對于徒步旅行的個人反思。故選D。CWhatmakesagoodlife?Philosophershaveofferedtwoclassicanswerstothequestion,capturedbytwodifferentGreekwordsforhappiness,hedoniaandeudaimonia.Ahedoniclifeisfreefrompainandfullofeverydaypleasure.Aeudaemoniclifeisavirtuous(高潔的)andpurposefulone,fullofmeaning.Butinanewstudy,philosopherLorraineBesserofMiddleburyCollegeandpsychologistShigehiroOishioftheUniversityofVirginiaarguethatthereisathirdimportantelementofagoodlife,whichtheycall“psychologicalrichness”.Accordingtothisview,agoodlifeisonethatisinteresting,variedandsurprising-evenifsomeofthosesurprisesaren’tnecessarilypleasantones.Infact,thethingsthatmakealifepsychologicallyrichmayactuallymakeitlesshappyintheordinarysense.Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.Apsychologicallyrichlifemaybelesseudaemonic.Thoseunexpectedturnsmayleadyoutostayawayfromyouroriginalpurposeandactinwaysthatarelessvirtuous.ProfessorsBesserandOishimakethecaseforapsychologicallyrichlifeinapaperthathasjustappearedinthejournalPhilosophicalPsychology.Butisthisalifethatmostpeoplewouldactuallywant,orisitjustforthesortofpeoplewhowritephilosophyarticles?Tofindout,theprofessorsandtheircolleaguesdidastudyinvolvingmorethan3,000peopleinninecountries.Theresearchersgaveparticipantsalistof15descriptivewordssuchas“pleasant”,“meaningful”and“interesting”,andaskedwhichbestdescribedagoodlife.Whentheyanalyzedtheresponses,ProfessorsBesserandOishifoundthatpeopleindeedthoughtthatahappyandmeaningfullifewasagoodlife.Buttheyalsothoughtapsychologicallyrichlifewasimportant.Infact,acrossdifferentcultures,about10-15%ofpeoplesaidthatiftheywereforcedtochoose,theywouldgoforapsychologicallyrichlifeoverahappyormeaningfulone.Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersposedthequestioninadifferentway.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhatkindoflifetheywouldchoose,theyaskedwhattheyregrettedaboutthelifetheyhadactuallyled.Didtheyregretdecisionsthatmadetheirliveslesshappyorlessmeaningful?Ordidtheyregretpassingupachanceforinterestingandsurprisingexperiences?Iftheycouldundoonedecision,whatwoulditbe?Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplethoughtabouttheirregrets,theywereevenmorelikelytovaluepsychologicalrichness.8.Accordingtothetext,apsychologicallyrichlife____________.A.meansapleasantone B.undervalueslifegoalsC.isanythingbutboring D.isfullofunhappiness9.WhydidBesserandOishidothestudiesinparagraphs6and7?A.Tosearchforevidencefortheirarticles. B.Tofindgoodwaystoreflectonone’slife.C.Todigdeepintothemeaningofagoodlife. D.Totesttheirideaaboutagoodlifeonthepublic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undo”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Announce. B.Erase. C.Uphold. D.Judge.11.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Twostudiesonpsychologicalhealth B.Don’tletregretsruinyourlifeC.Variousopinionsonahappylife D.Agoodlifeunnecessarilymeansahappyone【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理豐富的生活理論，即一個心理豐富的生活并不意味著是一個快樂的生活。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.(幸福的生活可能很無聊，但心理豐富的生活卻不是。冒險、探索和危機(jī)可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人驚訝的。)”可知，心理豐富的生活絕不無聊。故選C項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“ProfessorsBesserandOishimakethecaseforapsychologicallyrichlifeinapaperthathasjustappearedinthejournalPhilosophicalPsychology.Butisthisalifethatmostpeoplewouldactuallywant,orisitjustforthesortofpeoplewhowritephilosophyarticles?(Besser和Oishi教授在剛剛發(fā)表在《哲學(xué)心理學(xué)》雜志上的一篇論文中闡述了心理豐富的生活。但這是大多數(shù)人真正想要的生活，還是只適合寫哲學(xué)文章的人？)”以及第六段“Tofindout,theprofessorsandtheircolleaguesdidastudyinvolvingmorethan3,000peopleinninecountries.(為了找到答案，教授和他們的同事進(jìn)行了一項涉及9個國家3000多人的研究。)”可知，Besser和Oishi教授做這些研究是為了在公眾面前檢驗他們對美好生活的看法。故選D項。【10題詳解】詞句猜測題。由最后一段“Insteadofaskingpeoplewhatkindoflifetheywouldchoose,theyaskedwhattheyregrettedaboutthelifetheyhadactuallyled.Didtheyregretdecisionsthatmadetheirliveslesshappyorlessmeaningful?Ordidtheyregretpassingupachanceforinterestingandsurprisingexperiences?(他們沒有問人們會選擇什么樣的生活，而是問他們對自己實際過的生活有什么遺憾。他們是否后悔那些讓他們的生活不那么幸福或沒有意義的決定？還是他們后悔錯過了一次有趣而令人驚訝的經(jīng)歷？)”可知，這里主要調(diào)查大家后悔的事情，所以后文假設(shè)如果可以刪除一個后悔的決定，他們會怎么選哪一個，所以猜測劃線單詞表示“刪除，移除”的意思。故選B項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第三段“Accordingtothisview,agoodlifeisonethatisinteresting,variedandsurprising-evenifsomeofthosesurprisesaren’tnecessarilypleasantones.Infact,thethingsthatmakealifepsychologicallyrichmayactuallymakeitlesshappyintheordinarysense.(根據(jù)這一觀點，美好的生活是有趣、多樣和令人驚訝的，即使其中一些驚喜不一定是令人愉快的。事實上，讓生活在心理上豐富的東西實際上可能會讓它在普通意義上不那么快樂。)”以及第四段“Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.Apsychologicallyrichlifemaybelesseudaemonic.Thoseunexpectedturnsmayleadyoutostayawayfromyouroriginalpurposeandactinwaysthatarelessvirtuous.(幸福的生活可能很無聊，但心理豐富的生活卻不是。冒險、探索和危機(jī)可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人驚訝的。心理豐富的生活可能不那么幸福。這些意想不到的轉(zhuǎn)變可能會讓你偏離最初的目的，以不那么道德的方式行事。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介紹Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理豐富的生活理論，即一個心理豐富的生活并不意味著是一個快樂的生活。故選D項。DResearchhasshownthatpeoplerecallinformationbetterinthelongtermwhentheyreturntothatmaterialovertime,ratherthantryingtorapidlymemorizeeverythinginaback-to-backmanner.Thisiscalled“spacingeffect”.Yet,theenvironmentsinwhichwelearnnewthingsaredifferent.Imagineyoumeetanewco-worker.Thenexttimeyouencountereachothercouldbeinanotherlocationorwithagroupofpeople.Howdoessuchvariabilityimpactthebenefitstomemoryassociatedwiththespacingeffect?Intwoexperiments,weassessedhowwellpeoplecouldrememberpairsofimages:anitemsuchasananimalortool,andascene,suchasafamouslocationorphotographofaroom.Forexample,participantsmightseeagreenmansidebysidewithaphotographoftheEiffelTower.Ourparticipantsobservedmorethan40suchpairingsduringtheirlearningsessions.Tocreateamixofstableandvariablefeatures,thepairingswereeitherpresentedidentically,withthesameitemandscenealwaysshowntogether,ortheitemappearedalongsideanewsceneeachtime.Forinstance,agreenmanmightappearwiththeEiffelToweragainorbesideanotherlandmark.Inthefirstexperiment,theparticipantsengagedinfourlearningsessionseachdayoveraperiodof24days.Wespacedouttheappearanceofrepeateditem-scenepairsfromhourstodays.Onthe25thday,participantstookatesttoseehowwelltheyhadlearnedtheimages.Inoursecondexperiment,wecompressed(壓縮)alllearningintoasinglesessiononjustoneday.Werepeatedthesameandvariablepairseitherback-to-backorwithspacing-butherelearningwasdistributedonlyintheorderofsecondsorminutes.Wefoundthatparticipantsdidabetterjobatrecallingwhetherthey’dencounteredthegreenmanwhenrepetitionsofthatimagehadbeenspacedout.Butpeoplealsoremembereditemsbetterwhenthey’dseenthempairedwithdifferentscenesoneachrepetition,comparedwiththeitemsalwaysshownwiththesamescene.Thatis,thebraincouldusechangetoremembertheisolated,stablefeatureswhilerelyingonconsistency(一致性)totietogethermultipleassociatedfeatures.Overall,peopleusevariabilityandrepetitiontoenhancememoryforvariousaspectsoftheirexperience.12.Whatdoesthestudyinthepassagefocuson?A.Whetherthespacingeffectisbeneficialtoourmemory. B.Themechanismsunderlyingthespacingeffect.C.Thedifferencesofvariouslearningstrategies. D.Howenvironmentsaffectourmemory.13.Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingthepairseitheridenticallyordifferently?A.Toassesstheimpactofvariabilityonmemory.B.Tomeasuretheparticipants’preferenceforspecificscenes.C.Todetermineiffamiliarscenesaremoreeffectiveinlearning.D.Totesttheparticipants’abilitytorecognizefamouslandmarks.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoexperiments?A.Thesecondexperimentwasconductedina24-dayperiod.B.Bothexperimentsusedhourlybreaksinlearningsessions.C.Thefirstgroupofparticipantsrecalledthepairsmorequickly.D.Repetitionswerespacedoversecondsorminutesinthesecondexperiment.15.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthestudy?A.Thebrainisthemostcomplexstructureinthebody.B.Bothspacingandvariabilitycancontributetomemory.C.Enrichedenvironmentsfosterthedevelopmentofmemory.DRapidmemorizationleadstoincreasedproductivityandefficiency【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了兩個關(guān)于記憶效果影響因素的實驗設(shè)計、過程及結(jié)果分析，探討了間隔效應(yīng)和環(huán)境變化性對記憶的影響。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatpeoplerecallinformationbetterinthelongtermwhentheyreturntothatmaterialovertime,ratherthantryingtorapidlymemorizeeverythinginaback-to-backmanner.Thisiscalled“spacingeffect”.Yet,theenvironmentsinwhichwelearnnewthingsaredifferent.Imagineyoumeetanewco-worker.Thenexttimeyouencountereachothercouldbeinanotherlocationorwithagroupofpeople.Howdoessuchvariabilityimpactthebenefitstomemoryassociatedwiththespacingeffect?(研究表明，當(dāng)人們隨著時間的推移再次接觸學(xué)習(xí)材料，而不是試圖連續(xù)快速地記住所有內(nèi)容時，他們長期記憶信息的效果會更好。這被稱為“間隔效應(yīng)”。然而，我們學(xué)習(xí)新事物所處的環(huán)境是不同的。想象一下，你遇到了一位新同事。下次你們相遇可能是在另一個地點，或者在一群人之中。這種變化性如何影響與間隔效應(yīng)相關(guān)的記憶益處呢？)”可知，文章主要探討了環(huán)境變化性對記憶的影響，特別是與間隔效應(yīng)相關(guān)的記憶益處。文中通過兩個實驗說明了在記憶過程中，環(huán)境的變化性（如物品與不同場景的配對）如何影響人們的記憶效果。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Intwoexperiments,weassessedhowwellpeoplecouldrememberpairsofimages:anitemsuchasananimalortool,andascene,suchasafamouslocationorphotographofaroom.Forexample,participantsmightseeagreenmansidebysidewithaphotographoftheEiffelTower.Ourparticipantsobservedmorethan40suchpairingsduringtheirlearningsessions.Tocreateamixofstableandvariablefeatures,thepairingswereeitherpresentedidentically,withthesameitemandscenealwaysshowntogether,ortheitemappearedalongsideanewsceneeachtime.(在兩個實驗中，我們評估了人們記憶圖像對（如動物或工具等物品與著名地點或房間照片等場景）的能力。例如，參與者可能會看到綠色的小人旁邊放著一張埃菲爾鐵塔的照片。在學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們的參與者觀察了40多對這樣的配對。為了創(chuàng)造穩(wěn)定與可變特征的混合，這些配對要么以相同的方式呈現(xiàn)，即相同的物品和場景總是一起出現(xiàn)，要么每次物品旁邊都會出現(xiàn)一個新的場景。)”可知，文章提到，為了創(chuàng)造穩(wěn)定與可變特征的混合，配對可以以相同的方式呈現(xiàn)（即相同的物品和場景總是一起出現(xiàn)），也可以每次物品旁邊都出現(xiàn)一個新的場景。這樣做的目的是為了評估變化性（即每次重復(fù)時物品與不同場景的配對）對記憶的影響。故選A。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Inoursecondexperiment,wecompressed(壓縮)alllearningintoasinglesessiononjustoneday.Werepeatedthesameandvariablepairseitherback-to-backorwithspacing-butherelearningwasdistributedonlyintheorderofsecondsorminutes.(在我們的第二個實驗中，我們將所有的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容壓縮到僅一天的一個學(xué)習(xí)階段中。我們連續(xù)或間隔地重復(fù)了相同和不同的配對，但在這里，學(xué)習(xí)只在幾秒或幾分鐘的順序內(nèi)進(jìn)行。)”可知，第二個實驗中重復(fù)內(nèi)容的時間間隔是幾秒或幾分鐘。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thatis,thebraincouldusechangetoremembertheisolated,stablefeatureswhilerelyingonconsistency(一致性)totietogethermultipleassociatedfeatures.Overall,peopleusevariabilityandrepetitiontoenhancememoryforvariousaspectsoftheirexperience.(也就是說，大腦可以利用變化來記憶孤立的、穩(wěn)定的特征，同時依靠一致性將多個相關(guān)特征聯(lián)系在一起。總的來說，人們利用變化性和重復(fù)性來增強(qiáng)對經(jīng)歷中各個方面的記憶。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章中提到兩個實驗的結(jié)果都支持了間隔效應(yīng)（spacingeffect）和環(huán)境變化性（variability）對記憶的積極影響。第一個實驗表明，間隔重復(fù)和在不同場景中呈現(xiàn)物品可以增強(qiáng)記憶。第二個實驗也顯示，即使在較短的時間間隔內(nèi)，間隔和變化性也有助于記憶。因此，可以得出結(jié)論，間隔和變化性都是提高記憶效果的重要因素。故選B。第二節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Manypeopleseekemergencycareforinjuriesresultingfrom“movingwrong”duringeverydaytaskslikeliftingobjectsordoinghouseholdchores.___16___Inourinactivelifestyles,weoftenignoretheimportanceofmovingregularly.Thelesswemove,themorelikelywearetomoveinawayourbodyisunfamiliarwith,thusresultingininjuries.Sowhynottakethefollowingstrategiestomaketherightmoves?___17___Whenyoureachforsomething,youpushyourarmforward.Toopenadoor,yougraspthehandleandpullback.Byperformingbodyweightmovementswithagoodform,youdevelopastrongfoundationforsafeandefficientmovementinallaspectsoflife.Trainforbetterbalance.Exercisesthatfocusononesideofthebodyatatimecanenhancecoordination(協(xié)調(diào)性)andstability.Soincludesomeformofunilateral(單側(cè))balanceexercisesintoallyourworkouts.Ithelpsyoubetteradaptroughgroundandsuddenchangesindirection.___18___Includestrengthtraininginyourworkouts.Regularstrengthtrainingbuildsmorethanmuscleandincreasesbonedensity(密度)andjointstability.___19___Youcanaddresistanceexercisestargetingdifferentmusclegroups.Then,you’llenjoysafeandeffectivestrengthdevelopment.Strengthenyourmind-bodyconnection.___20___Thishelpsyoustayconnectedtoyourbody’sexperiencesothatyoucanfocusonthepropermovements.Progressivemusclerelaxationisagreatexercisefordevelopingyourmind-bodyconnection.Practiceitseveraltimesperweek.A.Sohowdowrongmovescomeabout?B.Practicemovinginallplanesofmotion.C.SodostrengthtrainingtwoormoredaysperweekD.Asaresult,you’llhavethelowerriskoffallsandinjuries.E.Considerthemovementsrequiredtofunctionduringdailylife.F.Whileexercising,youfocusonyourbreathandwhatyou’refeelingG.Allthesemovementsputunnecessarystressonyourmusclesandjoints.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何保證日常的行為正確，從而避免因“行為不當(dāng)”而造成的受傷。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Inourinactivelifestyles,weoftenignoretheimportanceofmovingregularly.Thelesswemove,themorelikelywearetomoveinawayourbodyisunfamiliarwith,thusresultingininjuries.(在我們不活躍的生活方式中，我們經(jīng)常忽視定期運動的重要性，我們運動得越少，我們越可能以身體不熟悉的方式移動，從而導(dǎo)致受傷。)”可知，后文提到了我們在日常生活中經(jīng)常因為不定期鍛煉，以身體不熟悉的方式移動身體，從而導(dǎo)致受傷，故A項“那么，錯誤的舉動是如何產(chǎn)生的呢？”符合語境，本空提出問題，空后回答問題。故選A項。【17題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Whenyoureachforsomething,youpushyourarmforward.Toopenadoor,yougraspthehandleandpullback.Byperformingbodyweightmovementswithagoodform,youdevelopastrongfoundationforsafeandefficientmovementinallaspectsoflife.(當(dāng)你伸手去拿東西時，你的手臂會先前推。要開門時，你會抓住手柄往后拉。通過以良好的方式進(jìn)行較重的體力活，你就為生活各個方面的安全高效的運動打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。)”可知，本段主要介紹了在平時的行為中，應(yīng)該如何保證動作的正確性，故E項“考慮日常生活中所需的運動”符合本段主旨。故選E項。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Soincludesomeformofunilateral(單側(cè)的)balanceexercisesintoallyourworkouts.Ithelpsyoubetteradaptroughgroundandsuddenchangesindirection.(因此在鍛煉中加入某種形式的單側(cè)平衡練習(xí)。這能幫助你更好的適應(yīng)崎嶇的地面和突然的方向改變。)”可知，D項“因此，你跌倒和受傷的風(fēng)險就會降低。”是前文的順義承接，與前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，在鍛煉中加入單側(cè)平衡練習(xí)，能幫助你更好的適應(yīng)入崎嶇的地面和突然的方向改變，因此你跌倒和受傷的風(fēng)險就會降低。故選D項。【19題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Regularstrengthtrainingbuildsmorethanmuscleandincreasesbonedensity(密度)andjointstability.(定期的力量訓(xùn)練不僅能增加肌肉，還能提高骨密度和關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性。)”可知，空前提到定期的力量訓(xùn)練的好處，故C項“因此每周進(jìn)行兩天或兩天以上的力量訓(xùn)練。”符合，與空前構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，且點明本段的主旨“Includestrengthtraininginyourworkouts.(在你的訓(xùn)練中加入力量訓(xùn)練。)”。故選C項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Strengthenyourmind-bodyconnection.(加強(qiáng)你的身心聯(lián)系。)”可知，空前提到了加強(qiáng)身心聯(lián)系，故F項“鍛煉時，專注于你的呼吸和你的感受。”符合，解釋說明空前的加強(qiáng)身心聯(lián)系就是在鍛煉時專注你的呼吸和感受。故選F項。第三部分：語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnesunnySundaymorning,parentswerewatchingtheirkidsdragtheirpaddleboards(沖浪板)towardsthesurfclubatthebeach.Asalways,the___21___endedwithanawardspresentation,wherethegroupleaderclaimed,“I’vegotgrandkids,andatmyhouse,there’sarule:Neversay‘Ican’t’;alwayssay‘I’ll___22___’.”Thatday,mysonwonthebraveryaward.Hehadheavilyfallendownonshoreandrunstraighttomywifefor___23___,assix-year-oldsdo.Butafterahug,hegotenough___24___tosurf.Beforetheleader___25___mysonasthewinner,hejoked,“BackwhenIworkedinthecourts,Ihadto___26___people’snames.AndwhenIcouldn’t___27___somebody’ssurname,I’djustcall‘Wheelbarrow’.So,thebraveryawardthisweekgoesto...”Yes.Myson’ssurnameisnot___28___seen,sohejust___29___“Wheelbarrow”.Obviously,the“neversayIcan’t”ruledidn’tapplytopronouncing____30____names.IfeltitwaslikesomethingIwouldhave____31____asasecond-generationAustralianinthe1980s.Butthisisthe2020s.“Excuseme,sir,”mywifesuddenlyspokeup,smilingattheleader.“Themessageyouhavesenttomyboyisthathisnamei