學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載名詞性從句【知識要點】在句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞詞義功能that無詞義不作成分，只起連接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起連接作用what,which什么，哪個作主語、賓語、表語who,whom,whose誰，誰的作主語、賓語、定語when,where,how,why什么時候/地方，怎么樣，為什么作狀語howmany/much多少作定語howsoon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多長，多么作狀語......詞義及功能同疑問詞whatever=anythingthat無論什么作主語、賓語、表語、定語whosever=anyonewhose無論誰的作主語、賓語、定語、表語whichever=anythingthat無論哪個作賓語、定語、主語、表語whoever=anyonewho無論誰作主語whomever=anyonewhom無論誰作賓語主語從句主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引導主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether；連接代詞what，who，which,whose，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever等；連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1.it作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom。如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你沒去看那場電影真是遺憾。Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.你成功與否對我沒有什么吸引力。2.用it作形式主語的結構1)Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisafactthat...事實是……Itisanhonorthat...非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識2)itis＋形容詞＋從句Itisnaturalthat...很自然……Itisstrangethat...奇怪的是……3)itis＋不及物動詞＋從句Itseemsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……4)it＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat...據報道……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已證實……3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況1)if引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。2)Itissaid，(reported)...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)據說江主席下周要來我校視察。ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)3)Ithappens...，Itoccurs...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)他考試沒及格。Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)他是不是錯了，這一點不重要。Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)傍晚有可能下雨嗎？4.what與that在引導主語從句時的區別what引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語、賓語、表語，而that則不然。如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.你昨天說的是對的。賓語從句賓語從句是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。引導賓語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether，if等，連接代詞which,what，who，whom,whose，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever,等，連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1.作動詞的賓語1)由that引導的賓語從句（that通常可以省略）,如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.我聽說他參軍了。2)由what，whether(if)引導的賓語從句，如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發生了什么事。3)動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她跟我說她愿意接受我的邀請。2.作介詞的賓語，如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們的成功取決于我們的合作情況。3.作形容詞的賓語，如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕是犯錯了。【特別提示】that引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句看作原因狀語從句。4.it可以作為形式賓語it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而把真正的賓語that從句放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我們聽說她打算下個月結婚。【特別提示1】1．賓語從句的語序在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：①Heaskedmewhenwecouldsetoutthenextday．他問我第二天什么時候可以出發。2．賓語從句的時態(1)當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時，其賓語從句的時態可以是任何適當的時態。如：shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk．她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei．她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現在完成時)(2)當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去式時，其賓語從句的時態一般要用適當的過去時態。如：Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon．他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby．他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)(3)當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規律的句子時，其時態仍舊用一般現在時。如：Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit．老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕有心人。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound．他說光比聲音傳播得快。【特別提示2】在使用賓語從句時需要注意下面幾點：(1)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday．我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，takeforgranted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認為”的動詞或動詞短語和seeto表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood．我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。Whenyoustarttheengine，youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral．啟動發動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如：Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers．她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。表語從句表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。常由連接詞that，whether；because,asif/though連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；連接副詞when，where，how，why引導。另外，常用的還有Thereasonisthat...和Itisbecause等結構。如：【特別提示】(1)as/asif/asthough引導的表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor．聽上去好像有人在敲門。(2)當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句一般由that引導，這種用法常見于句型Thereasonwhy…isthat…。如：Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate．他來得晚是因為起床晚了。Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.問題是我們能否在那么短的時間內作好充分的準備。Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.這就是我們為什么得不到人民支持的原因。同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。同位語從句的引導詞有:that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why等。連詞that引導同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：TheyexpressedthehopethatwewouldgoandvisitShanghaiagain．他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。ThestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookWasworthreading．Ihavenoideawhyhewasexcitedatthattime．我不知道當時他激動的原因。1.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他從瑪麗那里得知運動會要延期舉行。2.同位語從句與定語從句的區別1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。如：ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）考點詮釋名詞性從句需要注意的事項1．that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略；在賓語從句中有時可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點：(1)當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。如：Theysharelittleincommonexceptthattheyarefromthesamecountry．除了來自同一個國家之外，他們幾乎沒有共同點。(2)當主句謂語動詞后接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他的不省略。如：Ibelieve(that)you’vedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove．我相信你已經盡力了，而且情況也會得到改善。2．that與what的區別;that在從句中不能夠充當句子成分，也沒有含義；what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，意思是”什么，……的事情”。如：Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet．他會康復的希望沒有消失。(that不充當成分，也無含義)Whathesaidprovedtobetrue．他所說的話證明是正確的。(what作said的賓語，可以翻譯為“……的話”)3.用whether不用if的情況：1）在表語從句和同位語從句中只能用whether不能用if;2）當主語從句放在句首時，只能用whether不能用if;3）discuss后接表示“是否”的賓語從句是，必須用whether，不能if4）介詞后的賓語從句只能用whether不能用if；Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.(主從句位于句首)Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcomehere.(主從句位于句尾)Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(表語從句)Ihavenoideawhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(同位語從句)Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.(介詞后)【典型例題】1(典型例題)Marywroteanarticleon__theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that2(典型例題)Acomputercanonlydo__youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.whe3.(典型例題)__madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What,becauseB.What,thatC.That,whatD.That,because4.(典型例題)Hisabilityhasneverbeenindoubt—thequestionisheispreparedtoworkhard.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.where5.(典型例題)Hecan’tanswerthequestionhegotthemoney.A.whatB.thatC.howD.where答案：1-5ACBAC同步訓練：1Theteacherdemandedthatourexaminationpaperhandedinatonce.A.beB.mustbeC.wouldbeD.hadtobe2Weallagreewithhimon__hesaid.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how3Wemustdowell__thepartyassignsustodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.those4Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.whoeverC.whateverD.wherever5I’msorry__yourmotherisiii.A.whomB.ifC.thatD.how6Wethinkitimportant__weshouldkeepthebalanceofnature.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.which7Ihope__happywhileyouarehere.A.youtobeB.foryourbeingC.youwillbeD.youbeing8Weallknowthenewshetoldher.A.towhichB./C.whatD.atthat9Wordhascome__someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.when10Thingswerenot__theyseemedtobe.A.whatB.becauseC.thatD.where11Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit___________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken12ThereasonIplantogois__ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillbedisappointedD.onaccountofshewillhaveadisappointed13theoldman’ssonswantedtoknowwas__thegoldhadbeenhidden.A.That;whatB.What;whereC.What;thatD.What;if14__knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho15Itworriedherabit__herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for16isknowntoallthatWTOstandsforWorldTradeOrganization.A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.It17Thefactsheworkshardiswellknowntous.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which18Themountainisnolonger__itusedtobe.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what19Weknowlittleabouttheyoungladyexcept__youtoldme.A.whatB.thatC.howD./20__provesthatmyadviceisright.A.ItwillhappenthatB.ThathashappenedC.WhathashappenedD.Whenithappened1-5AABBC6-10BCBBA11-15CBBBB16-20DADA，C高考鏈接20XX年高考題1（2011北京卷）22.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom2（2011北京卷）31.Theshockingnewsmadmerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.how C.that D.why3(2011上海卷)35.Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain. A.what B.if C.how D.that4(2011上海卷)38.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand. A.why B.that C.which D.what5（2011山東卷）26.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why6（2011山東卷）33.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit. A.where B.what C.whether D.which7（2011江西卷）26.Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.this B.that C.what D.which答案：1-7BADDDCC20XX年高考題1.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,37)Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow______.A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering2.(2010高考英語上海秋季卷,36)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis______shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why3.(2010高考英語重慶卷,25)Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestions______hadusedtheproducts.A.whatever B.who C.whichever D.which4.(2010高考英語浙江卷,9)Itisuncertain______sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A．that B．what C．how D．whether5.(2010高考英語浙江卷,1)—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?—OK,______youwant.A．whicheverB．however C．whatever D．whoever6.(2010高考英語天津卷,14)Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow______ittakestostartabusinesshere.A.howB.whatC.WhenD.which7.(2010高考英語四川卷,14)Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives．A．whatB．whoC．howD．why8.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,38)Thereisnoobviousevidence______thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.A．which B．that C．how D．where9.(2010高考英語上海春季卷,33)Tinawashesitationaboutthejobofferasshedidnotknow______thecompanywasanestablishedone. A．whether B．what C．until D．although10.(2010高考英語陜西卷,18)Itneveroccurredtome_______youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if11.(2010高考英語山東卷,25)Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof________mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which12.(2010高考英語遼寧卷,34)—It’snousehavingideasonly.—Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou_______toturnanideaintoanact.A.howB.whoC.whatD.where13.(20