Unit5Whataretheshirtsmadeof目標導航目標導航Grammar一般現在時的被動語態知識精講知識精講知識點01概念【語法詳解】語態的概念：在英語中有主動語態和被動語態兩種語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

WespeakEnglish.我們講英語。(主動語態)

Englishisspokenbyus.英語被我們講。(被動語態)

一般現在時的被動語態：表示現在發生的動作或存在的狀態,主語是動作的承受者。

【即學即練】Nowwastefromdailylife________tobeseparatedintofourdifferentgroupsinmanycities.A．requires B．isrequired C．isrequiringTheChinaGoldenRooster&HundredFlowersFilmFestival________infalleveryyear.A．holds B．washeld C．isheldChinese________bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．isspoken B．wasspoken C．speaks知識點02句型結構【語法詳解】一般現在時的被動語態的句型結構

(1)肯定句:主語+am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他

Thedeskismadebyhim,這張桌子是他做的。

(2)否定句:主語+am/is/are+not+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他,

Thedeskisn'tmadebyhim.這張桌子不是他做的。

(3)一般疑問句:Am/Is/Are+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他?

Isthedeskmadebyhim?這張桌子是他做的嗎?

(4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+am/is/are+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他?

Whereisthedeskmadebyhim?這張桌子是他在哪兒做的?

【即學即練】．ManypeoplespeakChineseinFrance.（改為被動語態）Chinese________________bymanypeopleinFrance.Thegovernmentdoesn’tallowpeoplewithnomaskstotaketheundergroundinShanghai.（改為被動語態）Peoplewithnomasks________________totaketheundergroundinShanghai.Theschooldoesn’tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.(改為被動語態)We________________toenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Thefestivalisheldeveryfouryears.(改為一般疑問句)________thefestival________everyfouryears?知識點03被動語態的用法【語法詳解】被動語態的用法：(1)當我們不知道誰是動作的執行者,或是沒有必要指出誰是動作的執行者時,可用被動語態Thisdeskismadeofwood.這張桌子是由木頭制成的。(2)強調動作的承受者時,要用被動語態。Herbikeisstolen.她的自行車被偷了。【即學即練】Today,manywinterOlympicsports________evenbychildren.A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．wereenjoyed D．areenjoyedTheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Today,he________bypeopleofallages.A．willlove B．wasloved C．isloved D．willbelovedYou

________lunchatschool.Soyoudon’thavetobringyourownfood.A．give B．willgive C．aregiven D．havegiven知識點04主動語態改成被動語態【語法詳解】主動語態改成被動語態轉換步驟第一步:先確定主動句中的主語、謂語和賓語,找出其中的謂語動詞。

第二步:把主動句中謂語動詞后面的賓語變為被動句的主語,若賓語是人稱代詞,應把賓格變為主格。

第三步:把主動句中的謂語動詞變為“助動詞be十及物動詞的過去分詞”,但時態不能改變。

第四步:把主動句中謂語動詞前面的主語變為被動句中介詞by的賓語(沒必要說出動作的執行者時可省略),若主語是人稱代詞,應把主格變為賓格。

【即學即練】Theyusuallyusetheboardtopaintpictures.(改為同義句)Theboard________usually________picturesbythem.Ioftenheartheteacherspeaktohisstudentspatiently.(改為同義句)Theteacherisoften________________speaktohisstudentspatiently.Wedon'tallowmakingnoiseinthelibrary.(改為同義句)Makingnoise_________________inthelibrary.AustralianscelebrateAustraliaDayonJanuary26theveryyear.（改為被動語態）AustraliaDay_________________onJanuary26theveryyear.Weplantmanytreesinspringeveryyear.(變為被動語態)Manytrees________

_________byusinspringeveryyear.Thecleanerswaterthesetreeseveryday.（改為被動語態）Thesetrees__________________________________________thecleanerseveryday.Weoftenhearthegirlsinghappilyinherroom.（改為被動語態）Thegirl________often________________singhappilyinherroom.Hespendsmostofhismoneyonstampsbecausetheyarehisfavourite.（改為被動語態）Mostofhismoney________________onstampsbecausetheyarehisfavourite.知識點05必背過去分詞詞義動詞原形過去式過去分詞喚醒，醒來awake

awokeawoken

是bewas,werebeen

忍受，承受bearboreborn

打，拍打beatbeatbeaten

改變，變化beebecamebee

開始beginbeganbegun

打賭betbetbet

吹blowblewblown

打破，破壞breakbrokebroken

帶來bringbroughtbrought

建造buildbuiltbuilt

燃燒，燒毀burnburned/burntburned/burnt

購買buyboughtbought

捕捉，趕上，感染catchcaughtcaught

選擇choosechosechosen

來ecamee

花費costcostcost

切，割cutcutcut

處理，應付dealdealtdealt

做dodiddone

繪畫drawdrewdrawn

做夢，夢想dream

dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt開車，駕駛，驅使drivedrovedriven

喝，喝酒drink

drankdrunk吃eatateeaten

落下，倒下fallfellfallen

喂，飼養feedfedfed

感覺feelfeltfelt

打架，對抗fightfoughtfought

發現，找到findfoundfound

適合fitfitfit

逃跑fleefledfled

飛，飛翔，飄揚flyflewflown

禁止forbidforbadeforbidden忘記forgetforgotforgotten

原諒forgiveforgaveforgiven

（使）凍結；愣住freezefrozefrozen

得到，到達，變得getgotgotten

給，給予givegavegiven

去，走gowentgone

種植，生長，發展growgrewgrown

懸掛，垂下hanghunghung

有，懷有havehadhad

聽到，傾聽hearheardheard

躲藏hidehidhidden

擊中hithithit

把握，持續，holdheldheld

（使）傷害，刺痛hurthurthurt

保持，繼續keepkeptkept

知道，得知knowknewknown

放置，鋪設；下蛋laylaidlaid

帶領，率領leadledled

學習；得知learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt離開；留下leaveleftleft

借給，貸款給lendlentlent

讓；出租letletlet

躺著，位于lielaylain

點燃lightlitlighted

失去loselostlost

制作，制造makemademade

意思是；想要meanmeantmeant

遇見；滿足meetmetmet

吃得過多overeatoverateovereaten錯誤mistakemistookmistaken

支付，償還paypaidpaid

擺，放，安置putputput

復述；再講retellretoldretold重建；改造；復原rebuildrebuiltrebuilt閱讀readreadread

騎，乘坐rideroderidden

按鈴；鈴聲響ringrangrung

升起；起床riseroserisen

跑；行駛；運轉runranrun說話saysaidsaid

看見seesawseen

尋找seeksoughtsought

賣，出賣sellsoldsold發送；寄；派遣sendsentsent

放，安置，確定setsetset

搖晃，搖擺shakeshookshaken

照耀，發光shineshoneshone

給……穿鞋；給馬釘鐵蹄shoeshoedshoed/shod射擊shootshotshot

表示，顯示，露面showshowedshowed/shown

關閉shutshutshut

唱歌singsangsung

下沉，沉沒sinksanksunk

坐，就坐；坐落sitsatsat

嗅，聞；察覺到smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt睡，睡覺sleepsleptslept

滑動，滑落slideslidslid

講話speakspokespoken

速度speedspedsped

吐痰；吐口水；吐出spitspit/spatspit/spat傳播，散布；展開spreadspreadspread花費spendspentspent

站、立，坐落，忍受standstoodstood

偷竊stealstolestolen

插入，刺入；粘貼stickstuckstuck

串起，縛，扎stringstrungstrung

打掃，掃除sweepsweptswept

游泳swimswamswum

拿，取，抓taketooktaken

教，教學，講授teachtaughttaught

撕扯teartoretorn

告訴telltoldtold

思想，考慮thinkthoughtthought

投，擲，拋，丟throwthrewthrown

理解understandunderstoodunderstood叫醒，弄醒wakewokewoken

穿著，戴；磨損wearworeworn

贏得，獲勝winwonwon

寫，書寫writewrotewritten

能力拓展能力拓展考法01主系表結構與被動語態的區別主系表結構與被動語態的區別：(1)被動結構表示動作，系表結構表示狀態Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.（被動語態）這個杯子是被那個男孩打破的。Thecupisbroken（系表結構）這個杯子是破的。(2)“主系表”結構表示“狀態”時，句中的be常可由lie,stand,feel,remain等詞代替Thetoyslayscatteredonthefloor.=Thetoyswerescatteredonthefloor.玩具亂扔在地板上。Heremainedconcealedforalongtime.=Hewasconcealedforalongtime.他藏匿了很長時間。(3)被動語態常由介詞by引出動作的執行者，而系表結構中常用其他介詞，如about,at,in,on,with,over,to等I'minterestedinmyownhobbies,suchascollectingstamps,raisingbirdsandfishing.（系表結構）我對自己的愛好很感興趣，如集郵、養鳥、釣魚。Iwasinterestedbywhatyoushowedme.（被動語態）你給我看的東西讓我很感興趣。(4)系表結構常由very，quite，rather，too，so，more，most等詞修飾，被動結構常用greatly等詞修飾Iamveryinterestedinputerstudies.我對掌習電腦很感興趣。Iwasgreatlyinspiredbythereport.我被那次報告大大地鼓舞了。注意:作表語的過去分詞常見的有：broken碎的

lost丟了；迷路的known為人所知的

done做完的gone走了

astonished吃驚的bored感到厭煩的

encouraged受到鼓勵的invited被邀請的

frightened感到害怕的interested感興趣的satisfied滿意的pleased感到高興的puzzled感到不解的touched受感動的

surprised感到驚訝的tired感到疲勞的

disappointed感到失望的worried感到擔憂的shocked感到震’涼的delighted感到高興的【即學即練】1．Thissubjectisinteresting.(改為同義句)

This________________________subject.2．Hehasbigeyes.（變同義句）________eyes________big.3．Thisishismotherandthisishisfather.(請寫出另外一種表達)________________________________________________________________4．Theseareherbaseballs.(改為同義句)

Thesebaseballs__________________.5．Myclockisonthetable.MyCDisonthetable.(合并為一句)Myclock________CD________onthetable.6．Don’tfishinthepool.（保持句意基本不變）Fishing________________inthepool.7．TheOlympicGamestakeplaceinanimportantcityonceeveryfouryears.（保持句意基本不變）TheOlympicGames________inanimportantcityonceeveryfouryears.8．Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.(改寫句子，句意不變)Students__________________toputuphandsinclass.9．OurgovernmentprovidesfreemedicalcareforNCPpatients.

(改成被動語態)Freemedicalcare______________forNCPpatients.10．Theywashthebusesofthepanytwiceaweek.(改為被動語態)Thebusesofthepany________________twiceaweek.分層提分分層提分題組A基礎過關練1．（2022·四川·涼山彝族自治州教育科學研究所中考真題）Withdoublereductionpolicy(雙減政策),students________lesshomeworknowsothattheyhaveenoughtimetotakepartinmoreactivities.A．willgive B．weregiven C．aregiven2．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真題）—ManyDIYcards________tomothersonMother’sDayeveryyear.—Howcreative!A．issending B．aresending C．issent D．aresent3．（2022·河北·中考真題）—Mmm…Delicious.Whatisit?—It________zongzi,Tony.It’satraditionalfoodinChina.A．calls B．iscalled C．called D．wascalled4．（2022·四川·樂山市教育科學研究所中考真題）—Waiter,aglassofapplejuice,please.—Sorry.Applejuice________onlyatbreakfast.A．serves B．isserved C．isserving5．（2022·天津·中考真題）Alotofbirds________innatureparkseveryyear.A．protect B．isprotected C．areprotected D．protected6．（2022·云南昆明·中考真題）TheteainYunnanissofamousthatit________toplacesacrosstheworldeveryday.A．sends B．sent C．issent D．willbesent7．（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）Chinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldtoday.A．learns B．learned C．waslearned D．islearned8．（2017·遼寧鞍山·中考真題）Thiskindofbooksellswelland_________outinthisbookshop.A．issold B．sells C．sold D．aresold9．（2016·吉林·中考真題）Rice________byhandinmanycountries,suchasChinaandIndia.A．grows B．isgrown C．grew10．（2016·吉林長春·中考真題）ChineseNewYear________theSpringFestival.Peopleofteneatdumplings.A．iscalled B．wascalled C．calls D．called題組B能力提升練11．（2019·湖北十堰·中考真題）Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,5G________tohelpuslivemoreconveniently.A．uses B．isused C．canuse D．used12．（2021·廣西河池·中考真題）Allcustomers________totaketheirtemperatureswhentheyenterthesupermarket.A．isasked B．wasasked C．areasked D．wereasked13．（2021·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Thevideosaboutcookingtellushowfood_______.A．makes B．made C．ismade D．wasmade14．（2021·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Mom,Ifeelalittlebithungrynow.—Thesecakes_______withchocolate.Havesome,please.A．arefilled B．filled C．fill D．arefilling15．（2021·廣西桂林·中考真題）Thesegreatbooks________bypeopleallovertheworldtoday.A．wereread B．read C．areread16．（2021·廣西梧州·中考真題）InourEnglishclass,manychances________tostudentstoshowthemselves.A．offer B．areoffered C．offered D．areoffering17．（2021·湖南益陽·中考真題）—Howcleantheroadsare!—They______bythehardworkingcleanerseveryday.A．arecleaned B．clean C．willclean18．（2021·江蘇揚州·中考真題）—Dowehavetoreadanythingnextweek,MrWu?—Sure,You________toreadBlackBeautyfrompages58to85.A．wereexpected B．willexpect C．areexpecting D．areexpected19．（2021·重慶·中考真題）Alotoftrees________inourcityinspringeveryyear.A．areplanted B．wereplanted C．plant D．planted20．（2020·遼寧大連·中考真題）Iftherivers__________,farmerscan’tusethewaterfortheircrops.A．polluted B．werepolluted C．arepolluting D．arepolluted題組C培優拔尖練21．（2021·上海青浦·一模）AteveryOlympicGames,somesportsareaddedandothersareremoved.（保持句意基本不變）AteveryOlympicGames,somesportsareaddedandothersare________________.22．（2020·山東濟南·二模）Readers,apopularTVshow,invitespeopletoreadpoemsandarticlestheylike.(同義句)InReaders,apopularTVshow,people________________toreadpoemsandarticlestheylike.23．（2022·四川達州·中考真題）Mymommakesmedothedisheseveryday.（改為被動語態）Iam________________dothedisheseveryday.24．（2022·甘肅甘肅·中考真題）Thebeescollecthoneyfromtheflowers.(改為被動語態)Honey________________fromtheflowersbythebees.25．（2022·貴州黔西·中考真題）Schoolsusuallydon’tallowstudentstoweartheirownclothesatschool.(改為被動語態)Students_______usuallynot_______toweartheirownclothesatschool.26．（2022·上海崇明·一模）Theycheckeverypassenger’sluggageattheundergroundstation.(改為被動語態)Everypassenger’sluggage________________attheundergroundstation.27．（2022·上海·模擬預測）Maywritesseveralarticlesabouttraditionalskillseverymonth.(改為被動語態)Severalarticlesabouttraditionalskills______________byMayeverymonth.28．（2020·上海靜安·一模）Lawrequiresthewearingofseatbelts.（改為被動語態）Thewearingofseatbelts______________bylaw.29．（2022·上海·模擬預測）EachyearpeopleaddnewrecordstotheGuinnessBookofRecords.(改為被動語態)Eachyearnewrecords________________totheGuinnessBookofRecords.30．（2021·山東·模擬預測）Theyoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.(改為被動語態)Theclassroom________often________bythemafterschool.31．（2021·上海浦東新·一模）Wepreparetheflowerteainthesamewayastheregulartea.（改為被動語態）Theflowertea_____inthesamewayastheregulartea.32．（2021·上海·模擬預測）Everyyear,weinvitemanydoctorstogivelecturesonkeepingfitandhealthy.(改為被動語態)Everyyear,manydoctors________________togivelecturesonkeepingfitandhealthy.33．（2021·上海虹口