專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年15.[其它]Whichthreeelementsareincludedineachtelecommunicationsystemandwhataretheirfunctions?（Unit4)

答案:Atransmitterthattakesinformationandconvertsittoasignal,atransmissionmediumoverwhichthesignalistransmitted,andareceiverthatreceivesthesignalandconvertsitbackintousableinformation.Itistrueofanycommunicationsystemthattheshapeandamplitudeofthetransmittedsignalwillbecontinuouslydegradedbytheintroductionofnoise,andtheattenuationalongthetransmissionpath.Thedegradationofthetransmittedsignalisaresultofsignaldistortion.

答案:傳輸?shù)男盘?hào)會(huì)不斷地被噪聲的引入和線路上的衰減所損傷，對(duì)任何通信系統(tǒng)都是如此。傳輸信號(hào)的退化是信號(hào)失真的結(jié)果。接收器的主要功能是從由信道傳輸來的退化了的信號(hào)中提取（extract）出輸入消息。

答案:Themainfunctionofthereceiveristoextracttheinputmessagesignalfromthedegradedversionofthetransmittedsignalcomingfromthechannel.Electroniccommunicationsisthetransferandmovementofdatabetweenlocationsthroughtheuseofcomputers.Anelectroniccommunicationsystemincludestheequipmentneededtosupportthemovementofinformation,thecommunicationlinesandmediatocarrytheinformation,thecomputersoftwareandprogramstocontroltheflowofinformation,thepersonnel（人員）toplan,implement,andoperatecommunications,andthemanagementofalltheseresources.Electroniccommunicationsestablishlinksbetweenpeopleaswellascomputers.

答案:電子通信就是通過使用計(jì)算機(jī)在不同的地點(diǎn)之間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。一個(gè)電子通信系統(tǒng)包括：支持信息流動(dòng)所需要的設(shè)備，承載信息的通信線路和媒介，控制信息流的計(jì)算機(jī)軟件和程序，計(jì)劃、實(shí)施、操作通信系統(tǒng)的人員，以及對(duì)所有這些資源的管理。電子通信建立起人和人、計(jì)算機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)之間的聯(lián)系。一根帶電的導(dǎo)線（wire）的外表與重量都與不帶電導(dǎo)線完全一樣。

答案:Awirecarryingacurrentlooksexactlythesameandweighsexactlythesameasitdoeswhenitisnotcarryingacurrent.通信可以廣義地定義為從一處到另一處的信息傳遞。當(dāng)要將信息傳輸?shù)饺魏尉嚯x以外時(shí)就需要有一個(gè)通信系統(tǒng)。

答案:Communicationmaybebroadlydefinedasthetransferofinformationfromonepointtoanother.Whentheinformationistobeconveyedoveranydistance,acommunicationsystemisusuallyrequired.Hardwaretechnologieshaveplayedvitalrolesinourabilitytouseelectronicpropertiestoprocessinformation,butsoftwareanddataprocessingaspectshavenotdevelopedatthesamespeed.

答案:硬件技術(shù)在我們使用電子特性來處理信息的能力中一直起著重要作用，而軟件及數(shù)字處理方面卻沒能與硬件同步發(fā)展。Thisispossiblebecausestationsthatarephysicallyfarenoughfromeachothercanusethesamecarrierfrequency(frequencyreuse)withnegligiblemutualinterference,exceptatsomepointinthemiddlewherethestationsarereceivedwithcomparablesignallevels.

答案:wherethesignalsfromdifferentstationsaresimilarinlevelDuetotheunavoidabletimingerrorsbetweentheusers,thereislittlepointinusingWalshcodesastheywillnolongerbeorthogonal.

答案:usingWalshcodesismeaninglesssinceorthogonalitywillnotexistanymoreRoughlyspeaking,thetransistorcanbelikenedtoanelectronicallycontrolledvalvewherebyenergyappliedtooneconnectionofthevalveenablesenergytoflowbetweentwootherconnections.

答案:analogizedForadecadetherehasbeenasearchforaprogrammableprocessorwhich,giventhecostandvolumeconstraints,isgeneralenoughtobeprogrammedwithdifferentalgorithms.

答案:giventhelimitsofpriceandsizeIftheoriginalsignaliswellbehaved,thelocaloscillatorwillneedverylittleinformationtobeabletotrack,andthatinformationcanbeobtainedbyaveragingforalongperiodoftime,therebyeliminatingnoisethatcouldbeverylarge.

答案:theLOwillrequiresomeinformation,butnotmuch,sothatthesystemcantrackInaproperlydesignedDCamplifier,theeffectoftransistorparametervariationmaybepracticallyeliminatediftheoperatingpointofeachstageisadjustedsothatitremainsinthelinearoperationrangeofthetransistorastemperaturevaries.

答案:theresultscausedbytransistorparameterchangesItisalltooeasywithlinearcircuits,whichappearrelativelysimplewhencomparedwithtoday’scomplexlogicarrangements,toignoredetailedperformanceparameterswhichcandrasticallyreducetheexpectedperformance.

答案:whichiscrucialformaintainingthedesiredperformanceTherefore,therewillbeaslighttimedelay,duetothepropagationdelayoftheflip-flopsbetweenthetimeoneflip-flopchangesstateandthetimethenextonechangesstate,i.e.,thechangeofstateripplesthroughthecounter,andthesecountersarethereforecalledripplecounters.

答案:thestatechangeispropagatedthroughthecounterlikeripplesReadthispaperandtrytosummarizeitintheformofanAbstract.NB:DonotcopytheoriginalAbstractfromtheInternet.

答案:Example:ThispaperprovidesanearlyevaluationofArtifcialIntelligence(AI)againstCOVID-19.ThemainareaswhereAIcancontributetothefightagainstCOVID-19arediscussed.ItisconcludedthatAIhasnotyetbeenimpactfulagainstCOVID19.Itsuseishamperedbyalackofdata,andbytoomuchdata.Overcomingtheseconstraintswillrequireacarefulbalancebetweendataprivacyandpublichealth,andrigoroushuman-AIinteraction.Itisunlikelythatthesewillbeaddressedintimetobeofmuchhelpduringthepresentpandemic.Inthemeantime,extensivegatheringofdiagnosticdataonwhoisinfectiouswillbeessentialtosavelives,trainAI,andlimiteconomicdamages.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthat

.

答案:B.ThereisnocriticismonT-grouplaboratories.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcan’tchangetheattendanceoftraineesatanexternalT-grouplaboratory?

.

答案:A.

pooreffectivenessofthetrainingdesign.Theauthorofthispassagewouldmostlikelyagreethat

.

答案:C.

InaT-group,thetrainershouldprovideaclimatewherethegroupmembersaresufficientlytrustingofoneanothertodiscusstheirownbehaviors."T-group"isreferredtoasthefollowingexcept

.

答案:C.groupdynamics.Thisarticlemightmostlikelybeextractedfromthepaperabout

.

答案:B.performanceevaluation.Accordingtothepassage,performancemanagementprocessesbyHRcanmakeanimportantcontributiontoknowledgemanagementthroughthefollowingmeasuresexcept

.

答案:C.

byensuringthatactualbehaviorsarerewardedbyfinancialornon-financialmeans.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedbyHansenetal?

.

答案:B.

AtErnst&Young,consultants’contributiontotheknowledgeassetofthefirmwillbeevaluated.Thefollowingareexamplesofpositivebehaviorinmeetingcompetencyexpectationsforknowledge-sharingexcept

.

答案:A.

Isreluctanttoshareknowledgewithcolleagues.Thebesttitleforthisarticleis

.

答案:D.Performancemanagementforknowledgeworkers.Toimplementasuccessfulprograminbasicandremedialtraining,managersshoulddoallofthefollowingexcept

.

答案:useaclassroom-orientedapproachsoemployeeslearnbylecturesWhichofthefollowingisnotacoreskillthatiscriticalforsuccessabroad?

.

答案:

EffectivedelegateskillsExecutivesormanagerswhocoach,advise,andencourageemployeesoflesserrankarecalled

.

答案:

mentorsIndividualsworkinginternationallyneedtoknowasmuchaspossibleaboutallofthefollowinghost-countrycharacteristicsexcept

.

答案:culturaltrendsQuestionscontainedinstructuredjobinterviewsshouldbebasedon

.

答案:jobanalysisIfyourprimaryobjectiveforaperformanceappraisalistogiveemployeesdevelopmentalfeedback,whichofthefollowingappraisalmethodsshouldyouuse?

.

答案:

BehaviormethodCompensationprogramsthatcompensateemployeesfortheknowledgetheypossessareknownas

.

答案:skill-basedpayplansWhichofthefollowingisnottrueofself-ratingsofperformance?

.

答案:Theyarefreeofmostbiasesthatotherratingsourcesmayhave1._______isoftenconsideredtheworld’sfirstprogrammer.2.______isoftenconsideredthe“fatherofcomputing”

答案:Ada;CharlesBabbageConcreteis(

)aporousmaterial.

答案:inherentlyBesidesitsabilitytosustainloads,concreteisalsorequiredtobe(

).

答案:durableThe（）cementsarewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.

答案:

above-mentionedThesteelbarsinconcretetakethe(

)componentofthebendingmoment.

答案:tensileThelawsthat（）howthebuildingsmaybemadearebuildingcodes.

答案:

tell(

)concreteisusedonlyforfootingsandconcreteslabslaidontheground,andforothermassivestructures.

答案:PlainTensilefailureof(

)concretehappenseasilyandinvolvesprogressivemicro-cracking.

答案:reinforcedDams,(

),watersupplysystems,andotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerstoworktogether.

答案:

bridgeBeforedesigningaproject,civilengineersshouldsurveyboththe(

)andsubsoilfeaturesoftheproposedsite.

答案:topographyFreewaysshouldhaveaminimumofonethrough-trafficlanesforeachdirectionoftravel.Through-trafficlanesshouldbe12ft（3.6m）wide.

答案:錯(cuò)TechniquesandproceduresforadjustingoperationalandhighwayfactorstocompensateforconditionsotherthanidealarefoundintheTrafficEngineeringManual(TEM),whichalsopresentsathoroughdiscussionofthelevel-of-serviceconcept.

答案:錯(cuò)Bothurbanandruralfreeways,especiallyonnewlocations,arenormallydesignedtoaccommodatetrafficprojectionsfora20-yearperiod.

答案:對(duì)Controlofaccessistheconditionwheretherightofownersoroccupantsofabuttinglandtoaccessahighwayisfullyorpartiallycontrolledbylocalgovernment.

答案:錯(cuò)Thehighesttypeofarterialhighwayisgrade-separated,whichisdefinedasanexpresswaywithfullycontrolledaccess.

答案:錯(cuò)國(guó)內(nèi)的專利可以通過哪個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索？（

）

答案:萬方數(shù)據(jù)

中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的代碼是（

）

答案:GB紙質(zhì)信息源的載體是（

）

答案:紙張下列哪種文獻(xiàn)屬于二次文獻(xiàn)(

)

答案:目錄下列哪種文獻(xiàn)屬于一次文獻(xiàn)(

)

答案:期刊論文

文獻(xiàn)是記錄有知識(shí)的（）

答案:載體Ruralfreewaysaregenerallysimilarinconcepttourbanfreeways,exceptthatthehorizontalandverticalalignmentsaremoreconservativeindesign.

答案:對(duì)Theclearanceshallbefromthetopofthepavementtothebottomofthestructureandincludestheentireroadwaywidthincludingtheusableshoulderwidth.

答案:對(duì)TheminimumrailroadclearancetobeprovidedoncrossingsshallconformtoOAR741.

答案:對(duì)Duetothehighspeed,highvolumetraffic,andtheneedtoprovideforsafefacilities,thetravellanewidthforbothurbanandruralfreewaysshallbe12feet.

答案:對(duì)Generallygradesonurbanandruralfreewaysarethesame.

答案:錯(cuò)Theclearancerequirementsfortransmissionandcommunicationlinesvaryconsiderablyandmustcomplywith__________.

答案:theNationalElectricalSafetyCodeCareshouldbetakeninurbanareasto__________duetotheclosespacingofinterchangesandthemultiplespeedchangesneededinanurbanarea.

答案:minimizetheuseofsteepgradesBecauseurbanfreewayshavehighspeedandhighvolumetraffic,themedianshouldbe_________.

答案:aswideandflataspossible_________ofurbanandruralfreewaysisdependentuponthenumberoflanesofthefacility.

答案:

TheshoulderwidthBecauseoftheruralterrainandhighdesignspeeds,_______shouldhaveverygentlehorizontalandverticalalignments.

答案:ruralfreewaysInmountainousterrainitcanbeverydifficulttoachievehighdesignspeeds______.

答案:duetohorizontalandverticallimitationoftheterrain______,thedesignspeedchosenmayvary.

答案:BecauseofthedifferentpostedspeedsRuralfreewaysarenormallymorecomfortablefromadriveperspective,_______.

答案:andgenerallyhavelowermaintenancecostsUrbanfreewaysgenerally_______thanruralfreeways.

答案:havemoretravellanesandcarrymoretraffic______isneededforprioritizingtheneedforthroughtrafficoverdirectaccess.

答案:Thefullcontrolofaccess

(

)

theadvanceddevelopmentof(

)technologiesinforeigncountries,Chinastillhassomedeficiencies.

答案:Comparedwith;unmanneddrivingTheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(

)theregulationsoftrafficpoliciesofintelligent(

)

inMay,2013.

答案:released;drivingcarsThetworoutes(

)

eachotherandformthefuture(

)trafficsystemtogether.

答案:crosswith;intelligentThesymbolofwheeledmobile(

)

inthe(

)creationofcarsisreadytogoahead.

答案:robots;subversiveUnderthepromotionofGoogle,Nevada,Florida,CaliforniaandMichiganallowunmanneddrivingcarstotestonpublichighwaysoneafteranother.

答案:對(duì)TheEnglandisthefirstonetostudyunmanneddrivingcarsintheworld.

答案:錯(cuò)Inrealizewheeledmobilerobots,theintelligentroutearemorewidespreadthanthenetworkroute.

答案:錯(cuò)Insomeluxuryvehicles,thecostoftheelectronicequipmenthasaccountedforlessthan50%ofthetotalcostofthecars.

答案:錯(cuò)Thefirststageofcardevelopmentreliedtotallyonmanualworkwithoutstandardizedpartsandassemblingprocess.

答案:對(duì)Average

(

)

isusedasameasureoflevelofserviceforinterruptedflowconditionandisthereforeusefulindeterminingthelevelof(

)ofaspecifictraveledwayinurbanareas.

答案:overallspeed;serviceWhenafreewayisdevelopedon(

),ofcourse,adjoiningpropertyownershave(

)todirectaccess

toahighway.

答案:newlocation;norightThehighestoverallspeedatwhichadrivercantravelonagivenhighwayunderfavorable

weather

conditionandunder

prevailing

(

)withoutanytimeexceedingthesafespeedasdeterminedbythe(

)ona

section-by-section

basis.

答案:trafficcondition;designspeedControlofaccessistheconditioninwhichtherightofownersor(

)ofabuttinglandorotherpersonstoaccess,light,airorviewinconnectionwithahighwayisfullyorpartiallycontrolledby(

).

答案:occupants;publicauthoritiesUsually,ahighwayinlevelterrainwarrantsalowerdesignspeedthanoneinmountainousterrain.

答案:錯(cuò)Designspeedisveryimportant,sonearlyallgeometricdesignelementsofhighwayareaffectedbytheselecteddesignspeed.

答案:對(duì)Pointsofaccessonstreetsandhighwaysshouldbecarefullyplannedtotheextentpossible.

答案:對(duì)Freewaysshouldhavefullcontrolofaccess,soshoulddourbanarterialstreetsandmajorruralhighways.

答案:錯(cuò)GeometricDesignControlsandCriteriaareapplicabletoallstreetsandhighways.

答案:對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展SD（

）

答案:sustainabledevelopment工業(yè)機(jī)器人IR（

）

答案:industrialrobot伺服電機(jī)SM（

）

答案:Servomotor；servomotor；信息安全系統(tǒng)ISS（

）

答案:informationsecuritysystem高端裝備HEE（

）

答案:high-endequipment；highendequipment；大數(shù)據(jù)BD（

）

答案:bigdata制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心MIC（

）

答案:manufacturinginnovationcenter工業(yè)強(qiáng)基ISF（

）

答案:industrialstrongfoundation綠色制造GM（

）

答案:greenmanufacturing數(shù)字雙胞胎DT

答案:Digitaltwin；digitaltwins；人工智能AI（

）

答案:artificialintelligence可編程控制PLC（

）

答案:ProgrammableLogicController；programmablelogiccontroller；programmablelogicalcontroller；虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)VR（

）

答案:virtualreality交流電AC（

）

答案:alternatingcurrent；alternativecurrent集成電路芯片ICC（

）

答案:integratedcircuitchip工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)IIOT（

）

答案:industrialinternetofthings；industrialinternetofthing；IndustrialInternetofThings；云計(jì)算CC（

）

答案:cloudcomputing智能制造IM（

）

答案:intelligentmanufacture；intelligentmanufacturing；信息物理系統(tǒng)CPS（

）

答案:cyber-physicalsystems；cyberphysicalsystems；cyberphysicalsystem根據(jù)中文意思和英文縮寫，補(bǔ)全短語，注意短語用全部用小寫。例如：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)IoT（

internetofthings）增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)AR（

）

答案:augmentedreality；AugmentedReality5.Thispassageismainlyabout（

）

答案:C.theadvantagesofonlineadvertisingWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofonlineadvertising

答案:A.Itcanspreadinformationwithoutbeinglimitedbytime.Comparedwithanyotherwayofadvertising,onlineadvertising（

）3.

A.LocalcompaniesB.SmallbusinessesC.Governmentdepartments5.Thispassageismainlyabout___A.thefunctionandtheuseoftheInternetB.thedevelopmentofsmallbusinessesC.theadvantagesofonlineadvertising

答案:A.offersmoreservicesAccordingtothefirstparagraph,buyingthingsonlineismore（

）

答案:C.convenient5.Whenhewas（

）hehadhisownfilm-makingcompany.

答案:B.aboutthirtyyearsoldAfterheacceptedtheofferby（

）Chaplinbecamesuccessfulandpopular.

答案:B.acomedyfilmcompany3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatChaplin'smother（

）

答案:A.hadsomementalillness2.Chaplinhoped（

）eveninhischildhood.

答案:C.tobeanactorCharlesChaplinlivedin（

）whenhewasaboy.

答案:C.LondonIntelligentproductionisahuman-machineintegrationsystemcomposedofintelligentequipment,sensors,processcontrol,intelligentlogistics,manufacturingexecutionsystem,andCyber-PhysicalSystem.Thegoalofintelligentproductionistooptimizetheproductivityofmanufacturingsystemswhileconsideringmaintenanceoftheequipmentandenergyusage.AnexamplearchitectureofintelligentproductionisshowninFigure2-4.

答案:A、Datafrombothcyberandphysicaldomainsareusedtodevelopananomalydetectionframework.Optimizationfunctionscanencodethetradeoffsbetweenproductivity,energyusage,andreliability,andsolvefortheoptimalmachineparameters.;B、3.IntelligentManufacturingExecutionManagement(MES)ThefunctionsoftheMESincludeplanninganddistributionofworkshopjobs,processmonitoring,materialtrackingandmanagement,operationandmonitoringofworkshopequipment,etc.;C、AsshowninFigure2-4,thearchitectureincludesdifferentmodularmodels.Alargeamountofoperationaldatathatisbeingproducedbythemanufacturingprocessispushedtothecloud,andthemanufacturingprocessisanalyzedautomaticallyinreal-time.

;D、Thecompositionsoftheintelligentproductionsysteminclude:1.DigitalandintelligentequipmentInordertomeettheneedsofpersonalizedcustomization，manufacturingequipmentshouldbedigitalandintelligent.Intelligentproductionsystemshouldincludeafewofflexiblemanufacturingsystems.Eachflexiblemanufacturingsystemindependentlycompletesmanufacturingprocessessuchasprocessing,assemblyandweldingofcomponents.;E、2.IntelligentWarehouseandLogisticsIntelligentwarehouseshouldbeconstructedtohandlematerials.Materialstackinganddistributioncanbeautomaticallycompletedbytheintelligentlogisticssystem,asshowninFigure2-5.Intelligentfactory,usesvariousmoderntechnologiestorealizetheautomationofoffice,managementandproduction,asshowinFigure2-1.Thegoalofbuildingintelligentfactoryistostrengthenandstandardizeenterprisemanagement,reduceworkerrors,improveworkefficiency,carryoutsafetyproductionandprovidedecision-makingreference.

答案:A、Flexibleautomation.Logisticsautomationisveryimportantfortherealizationofintelligentfactory.EnterprisescantransfermaterialsbetweenprocessesthroughAGV,trussmanipulatorandotherlogisticsequipment,asshowninFigure2-2.;B、WideuseofindustrialsoftwareInintelligentfactories,MES(ManufacturingExecutionSystem),APS(AdvancedProductionScheduling),energymanagement,qualitymanagementandotherindustrialsoftwarearewidelyused.;C、Intelligentfactoryisthenewdirectionforintelligentmanufacturingdevelopment.Thefeaturesofintelligentfactoryarefollowing:;D、EquipmentinterconnectionEquipmentinintelligentfactoriescanbeinterconnected.Dataacquisitionandmonitoringsystemcollectsreal-timeequipmentstatus,productioninformationandqualityinformation,andachievestraceabilityofproductionprocess.;E、GreenmanufacturingIntelligentfactorycollectsenergyconsumptionofequipmentandproductionlineintime,andrealizesefficientenergyutilization.Indangerousandpollutedlinks,robotsareusedinsteadofhumans.Industry4.0isanamegiventothecurrenttrendofautomationanddataexchangeinmanufacturingtechnologies.Itincludescyber-physicalsystems,theInternetofThings,cloudcomputingandcognitivecomputing.Industry4.0iscommonlyreferredtoasthefourthindustrialrevolution.Theterm“Industry4.0”,shortenedtoI4.0orsimplyI4,originatesfromaprojectinthehigh-techstrategyoftheGermangovernment,whichpromotesthecomputerizationofmanufacturing.

ThecharacteristicsgivenfortheGermangovernment'sIndustry4.0strategyare:thestrongcustomizationofproductsundertheconditionsofhighlyflexibleproduction.Therequiredautomationtechnologyisimprovedbytheintroductionofmethodsofself-optimization,self-configuration,self-diagnosis,cognitionandintelligentsupportofworkersintheirincreasinglycomplexwork.Industry4.0willaffectmanyareas,mostnotably:1.Reliabilityandcontinuousproductivity2.TheissueofIoTsecurity3.ManufacturingSales4.Workers'educationandskills

答案:A、物聯(lián)網(wǎng);B、認(rèn)知計(jì)算;C、工業(yè)4.0;D、柔性生產(chǎn);E、物理信息系統(tǒng);F、自我優(yōu)化;G、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新;H、蒸汽動(dòng)力;I、數(shù)據(jù)交換Virtualreality(VR)isaninteractivecomputer-generatedexperiencetakingplacewithinasimulatedenvironment.Itincorporatesmainlyauditoryandvisualfeedback,butmayalsoallowothertypesofsensoryfeedback.

答案:A、Thegeneralvirtualrealitysystemmainlyincludesfivecomponents:professionalgraphicsprocessingcomputer,applicationsoftwaresystem,inputdevice,outputdeviceanddatabase,asshowninFigure3-11.;B、Today,withtheincreaseinprecision,repeatabilityandmaterialrange,3Dprintingisconsideredasanindustrialproductiontechnology,withthenameofadditivemanufacturing.3Dprintedobjectscanhaveaverycomplexshapeorgeometry.;C、Therearethreecharacteristicsofvirtualreality,asshowninFigure3-10.(l)Immersion:referstotheuseofthree-dimensionalimagestogivepeopleafeelingofbeingpresentonthescene.(2)Interactivity:referstotheuseofsensordevicestointeractwithuser,sothatusersfeelasiftheyareintherealworld.(3)Imagination:referstoenablinguserstoimmersethemselvesinthevirtualenvironmentandimprovetheirperceptualandrationalunderstanding,thusenablinguserstoderivenewideasandconceptsincognition.;D、3Dprintingisaprocessinwhichmaterialisjoinedorsolidifiedundercomputercontroltocreateathree-dimensionalobject.Theprincipleof3DprintingtechnologyisshowninFigure3-12.

;E、Firstly,aseriesofthinslices(usually0.01-0.1mm)areobtainedbyinterceptingthepart‘sdigitalthree-dimensionalCADmodelbyasetofparallelplanes,andthenthewholepartcanbeaccumulatedbythethinslicesaccordingtocertainrules.Whyshouldmanufacturingequipmentbedigitalandintelligentinanintelligentproductionsystem?

答案:A.TooptimizeproductivityandenergyusageWhatfunctionsdoesIntelligentManufacturingExecutionSystem(MES)include?

答案:A.Planninganddistributionofworkshopjobs;C.Processesmonitoring;D.Componentprocessing,assembly,andwelding.Whatisthegoalofintelligentproduction?

答案:B.TooptimizeproductivityofmanufacturingsystemsWhatisintelligentproduction?

答案:A.Asystemcomposedofhuman-machineintegrationAnelectroniccomponentisabasicdiscretedeviceinanelectronicsystemusedtoaffectelectronsortheirassociatedfields.Electroniccomponentsaremostlyindustrialproducts,availableinasingularform.Someexampleelectroniccomponentsareshowninthefollowingfigure.

答案:A、Transistorisoneofthebasiccomponentsofsemiconductor,whichhasthefunctionofcurrentamplification.TransistorcontainstwoveryclosePNjunctionsonasemiconductorsubstrate.TwoPNjunctionsdividethewholesemiconductorintothreeparts,themiddlepartisthebasearea,thetwosidesarethelaunchzoneandthecollectorarea.Basedonthearrangement,therearetwotypesoftransistor,PNPandNPN.;B、Arelayisaspecialcontrolcomponentthatactslikeanactivecontact.Whenthecurrentpassesthroughafixedvalue,thecontactisdisconnected(orconnected),andthecurrentinterrupt(orrenew)tocontrolcomponentsinthesamecircuitorothercircuit.Therearedifferenttypesofrelaysincludingelectromagneticrelays,latchingrelays，electronicrelays,non-latchingrelays,multi-dimensionalrelaysandthermalrelays.;C、ADiodeisanelectronicdevicethatallowscurrenttoflowinonedirectiononly.ItisasemiconductorthatconsistsofaP-Njunction.BothP-typeandN-typesiliconwillconductelectricityjustlikeanyconductor;however,ifapieceofsiliconisdopedP-typeinonesectionandN-typeinanadjacentsection,currentwillflowinonlyonedirectionacrossthejunctionbetweenthetworegions.Diodeisoneofthemostbasicsemiconductordevices.;D、Electroniccomponentshaveanumberofelectricalterminalsorleads.Theseleadsconnecttocreateanelectroniccircuitwithaparticularfunction.Basicelectroniccomponentsmaybepackageddiscretely,orintegratedinsideofpackagessuchassemiconductorintegratedcircuits.;E、Amplifiersaregenerictermsusedtodescribecircuitsthatamplifytheirinputsignals.Amplifierareclassifiedaccordingtotheircircuitconfigurationandoperatingmode.Therearemanyformsofelectroniccircuitsthatareclassifiedasamplifiers,fromOPamplifiersandsmallsignalamplifierstolargesignalamplifiersandpoweramplifiers.;F、ElectronicComponentsareoftwotypes:ActiveandPassiveElectronicComponents.Passiveelectroniccomponentsarethosethatdonothavegainordirectionality,e.g.resistors,capacitors,diodes,andinductors.Activeelectroniccomponentsarethosethathavegainordirectionality,e.g.transistors,integratedcircuits,logicgates.Acontrolsystemmanages,commands,directs,orregulatesthebehaviorofotherdevicesorsystems.Itcanrangefromasinglehomeheatingcontrollerofadomesticboilertolargeindustrialcontrolsystems.Figure6-1showsanautomatictemperaturecontrolsystem.Itconsistsofasensortomeasurethetemperature,acontrollerandapowerregulator.Thecontrollercomparesthemeasuredtemperaturewiththedesiredtemperature,andregulatestheoutputpowertomakethemthesame.

答案:A、開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng);B、瞬態(tài)期;C、反饋路徑;D、輸出功率;E、控制系統(tǒng);F、功率調(diào)節(jié)器;G、閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng);H、測(cè)量公差;I、連續(xù)時(shí)間系統(tǒng);J、單輸入單輸出系統(tǒng)/star3/origin/bafcbf4f9f5f3b6304fca8595c3ed981.png

答案:n/a翻譯句子2.Coefficientsofshipformwillhelpyouhaveabetterunderstandingofthehullshapeunderwaterandthehullvariationalongshiplength,anddirectlyaffectseakeepingperformancesofvessels.

答案:船型系數(shù)能夠幫助更好地理解船體的水下形狀，以及船體沿船長(zhǎng)方向變化的情況，船型系數(shù)直接影響著船舶的航海性能。翻譯句子2.Differentsea-keepingperformancesofvesselshavemuchtodowithprincipaldimensionsandshipforms.

答案:不同的船舶航海性能與主尺度、船型有很大的關(guān)系。翻譯專業(yè)詞匯：bow(

)

stern(

)deadweight

(

)displacement(

)thetotaltonnage

(

)

答案:船首;船尾;載重量;排水量;總噸位翻譯專業(yè)詞匯：performance(

)

delivery(

)

centerline(

)

midship(

)

waterline(

)

答案:性能;交船，交貨;中心線;腫部;水線8.

（

）

isequaltothedepthfromthedesignwaterlinetotheuppersurfaceofthedeckplatingatside.A、Freeboard

B、draft

C、depth

moulded

D、breadth

moulded

答案:Freeboard7、The（

）

istheverticalheightfromtheuppersurfaceofkeeltothelowersurfaceofupperdeckwithinthemidshiptransversalcrosssection.A、breadth

moulded

B、draft

C、LPP

D、depth

moulded

答案:depth

moulded5、（

）is

thehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwoperpendiculars,i.e.stemandstern.

答案:Thel