單元素養培優(二)Unit2Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Wehadan_________(argue)withthewaiteraboutthebill.2.Ifyou’reworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyour________(anxiety)withyourdoctor.3.Thepassengersgrew______(anger)aboutthedelay.4.Youmaybephysicallyand________(mental)exhaustedafteralongflight.5.Itis________(desire)thatinterestratesshouldbereduced.argumentanxietiesangrymentallydesirable6.Wemeet________(regular)todiscusstheprogressoftheproject.7.Shewas_________(concern)thatshemightmisstheturningandgetlost.

8.Carolyneisafashion________(design).9.Itwasmyfirstjobafter__________(graduate).10.Heunderwentathree-hourheart_________(operate).regularlyconcerneddesignergraduationoperationⅡ.選詞填空seeeyetoeyewith,shootup,calmdown,fromhispointofview,thinkitthrough,backdown,cheer...up,dependon,draw...outof...,godowntown1.Priceshave_______duringthestrike.

2.Youshould__________andthinkcarefully.

3.Hedoesn’t________________youonthisquestion.

4.Youneverreallyunderstandapersonuntilyouconsiderthings___________________.

shotupcalmdownseeeyetoeyewithfromhispointofview5.Sherefusedto__________onapointofprinciple.

6.Youcan_____money_____abank.

7.Ithinkhemissesherterribly.Youmight_____him___.8.Ifyoudon’thaveagoodanswertothis,youneedto______________.

9.Theyaretaughtto_________themselvesfromanearlyage.

10.Let’s____________andpickupsomefashionableclothesforyou.

backdowndrawoutofcheerupthinkitthroughdependongodowntownⅢ.完成句子1.Doeseverydinnerwithyourparentsseemto_______________?

每次和你的父母共進晚餐都會變成一場戰爭嗎?2.Youmay___________yourchangingvoice,weightproblemsorspots.

你可能會擔心你的聲音變化、體重問題或斑點。3.Youenterastrangemiddleground—____________________butnotquiteanadult.

你進入了一個奇怪的中間地帶——不再是小孩子,但不完全是成年人。turnintoabattleworryaboutnolongerasmallchild4.Youfeelreadytobemoreresponsibleandmakedecisions___________.

你覺得自己可以更負責任,自己做決定了。5.Whenyou_______________________,takeaminutetocalmdownandtrytounderstandthesituationfromtheirpointofview.

當你不同意父母的觀點時,花一分鐘冷靜下來,試著從他們的角度去理解情況。6.Thechangesandchallengesofyourteenageyearswill_______________________.

青少年時期的變化和挑戰將為你成年做準備。onyourowndisagreewithyourparentsprepareyouforadulthood7.Recentlywehave____________________agreatdeal.

最近我們彼此爭論了很多。8.I’munderalotofstressthesedaysbecausemyparentsarealways___________________________.

這些天我壓力很大,因為我的父母總是拿我和我的朋友們作比較。arguedwitheachothercomparingmewithmyfriendsⅣ.閱讀理解AWhenyou’reateenyoustartbeingmoreawareofwhatotherpeoplethink.Thereseemstobea“right”thingtowear,orsay,ordo.Therealsoseemtobethingsthatyoushouldn’tdothingsthatcouldbeembarrassing,orloseyourpointswithfriends.Thiscanleadtosocialanxiety.Somekidsfeelsoanxiousthattheydevelopsomethingcalledsocialanxietydisorder(障礙),whichisdiagnosed(診斷)whenyouworrysomuchabouthowyouappeartoothersthatyoustopdoingthingsyouneedtoandwanttodoforfearofembarrassingyourself.Kidswithsocialanxietydisorderaren’tjustnervouswhenthey’reatpartiesorgivingaspeechinclass.Evensmallinteractions(互動),likeansweringaquestioninclassoreatingwithfriendsinthecafeteriacanfeelextremelyscarytokidswithsocialanxietydisorder.That’sbecausetheyfeartheymightaccidentallydosomethingembarrassingoroffensive,anditwillmakeothersjudgeorevenrejectthem.Andwhilekidswhoarejustshywillgraduallywarmuptonewpeopleandsituationsovertime,kidswithsocialanxietydon’t.Shynessmightholdyoubacktosomedegreefromdoingthings,butitwon’tdeeplyinfluenceyourabilitytodoyourjobasateenager,whichistofunctioninschool,functioninyourfamily,andtohavefriendsandbeapartofyourpeer-relatedcommunity.Butsocialanxietywill.Manyteensexperienceanxietydisorders.Beingbraveandtellingsomeonehowyoufeelmightseemscary,butifyoucangetoverthatobstacle,someonewillwanttolisten.Askingforhelpcanbehard,butitreallyisimportant.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了青少年中普遍存在的社交焦慮癥的各種特征,并對此提出了建議。1.Whatisthemaincauseofsocialanxiety?A.Lackoffriendship.

B.One’sappearance.C.Schoolperformance. D.Other’sjudgment.【解析】選D。細節理解題。根據第二段中的內容可知,當你過于擔心自己在別人眼中的形象,以至于因為害怕尷尬而停止做你需要做的、想做的事情時,你就會患上這種疾病。所以來自他人的意見或評價是導致焦慮的主要原因,故選D項。2.Whoismostlikelytobediagnosedwithsocialanxiety?A.Alice,whoskipsschooltoavoidansweringquestionsinclass.B.David,whoalwaysthinkshecan’tdoaswellashisclassmates.C.Chris,whofeelsnervouseverytimehegivesaspeechinpublic.D.Jenny,whohasbeeninlowspiritssinceshefailedthelastexam.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據第三段中的內容可知,對于患有社交焦慮癥的孩子來說,即使是很小的互動,比如在課堂上回答問題或與朋友在餐廳吃飯,也會讓他們感到極度恐懼,推斷出A項“不想在課堂上回答問題而逃學的Alice”最有可能被診斷為社交焦慮癥。故選A項。3.Socialanxietydisorderdiffersfromshynessinthat______.

A.itinfluencespeoplearoundyouB.itonlymakesyourgradessufferC.itgreatlyaffectsyournormallifeD.itisrelatedtoyourstudyorwork【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據文章的倒數第二段中的內容可知,害羞可能會在某種程度上阻礙你做事,但它不會顯著影響你的工作能力。以及最后一句“Butsocialanxietywill.(但社交焦慮癥會。)”由此可知,社交焦慮癥與害羞的不同之處在于,它會影響正常生活,所以C項“它極大地影響你的正常生活”正確。故選C項。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatIsSocialAnxietyDisorder?B.HowSocialFearRuinsRelationshipsC.WhyTeensSufferfromSocialAnxietyD.WhenAnxietyDisordersGoUnnoticed【解析】選A。標題歸納題。第一段最后一句“Thiscanleadtosocialanxiety.”表明本文主題,并結合全文內容可知,本文主要介紹了社交焦慮癥的各種表現和特點。所以短文的最佳標題為“什么是社交焦慮癥?”。故選A項。BGirlscontinuetooutperformboysinallsubjectsbytheendofprimaryschoolinEngland,accordingtothelatestkeystage2testresultspublishedbytheDepartmentforEducation.AcrossEngland,65%ofpupilsinstateschoolsachievedthegovernment’sexpectedstandardsinthethreesubjects,a1%improvementon2018.Thewideningofthegendergapwascausedmainlybyadipintheproportionofboysreachingtheexpectedstandardinreading,whichfellfrom72%in2018to69%.Inmaths,boysandgirlsimprovedby3%butgirlsremainedslightlyaheadat79%to78%.ThelatestSatsresultsarethecontinuationoftrendsseenformanyyears.InBritain,girlsconsistentlyoutperformboys,withtheexceptionofadvancedmaths-basedsubjects.InthemostrecentGCSEresultsgirlsshowedimprovedperformances,despitetheintroductionofmoredifficultexams.Thereweresubstantialregionalvariationsintheresults,withpupilsinLondongenerallydoingbetterthaninotherpartsofEngland.Only53%ofboysinDudley,intheMidlands,reachedtheexpectedstandardsinthethreekeysubjects,comparedwith83%ofgirlsinthewealthyboroughofRichmond-upon-Thames.Also,thegapinperformancebetweendisadvantagedpupilsandtheirclassmatesremainsstubbornlywide,suggestingeffortstocloseithaveslowedorbeenineffective.

About51%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsachievedtheexpectedstandardsinmaths,readingandwriting,thesameasin2018,whiletheproportionofnon-disadvantagedpupilshittingthestandardroseto71%.Thatleavesthegapbetweenthetwogroupslittlechangedforthelastthreeyears,withtheDfE’sstatisticianswarningthatitmightwidenslightlywhenthefinalfiguresfor2019arepublished.PaulWhiteman,thegeneralsecretaryoftheNationalAssociationofHeadTeachers,saidchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilieswerethevictimsofausterity(經濟緊縮).“Successivegovernmentshavefailedtoinvestinthosewhoneeditthemost,andnowweseetheresult—asustainedlong-termgapovermanyyearsbetweendisadvantagedpupilsandpupilsfrommoreaffluentfamilies.”In2019,30%ofpupilsattheendofkeystage2wereclassedasbeingdisadvantaged.NickGibb,theministerforschoolstandards,saidthegaphadnoticeablydecreasedoverthelasteightyearsandthatgovernmentreformssince2010havehelped“leveltheplayingfield”.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國教育中造成學習成績差距的因素,包括性別差異,地區差異,貧困學生和富裕家庭學生之間的差異。5.Whatpercentageofboysachievedthegovernment’sstandardinMathsin2018?A.64%.

B.72%.

C.75%.

D.78%.【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據第二段中的內容可知,性別差異擴大的主要原因是,達到預期閱讀標準的男孩比例下降,從2018年的72%降至69%。在數學方面,男孩和女孩提高了3%,但女孩仍然略占優勢,分別為79%和78%。所以在2018年男孩是75%。C項符合以上說法,故選C項。6.Whatdoweknowaboutthegapinperformancebetweendisadvantagedpupilsandtheirclassmates?A.Effortstonarrowithavepaidoff.B.Itisidentifiedasarecenttrend.C.Ithaswidenedalotinthepastthreeyears.D.Tightenedeconomyisheldpartlyresponsibleforit.【解析】選D。細節理解題。根據最后一段的childrenfromdisadvantagedfamilieswerethevictimsofausterity可知,來自貧困家庭的孩子們是經濟緊縮的受害者。D.Tightenedeconomyisheldpartlyresponsibleforit.(緊縮的經濟要對此負部分責任)符合以上說法,故選D項。7.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Education. B.Politics.C.Culture. D.Finance.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。文章介紹了英國教育中造成學習成績差距的因素,包括性別差異,地區差異,貧困學生和富裕家庭學生之間的差異。可推測,這篇文章很有可能出現在報紙的教育版塊。A.Education.(教育)符合以上推測,故選A項。8.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.Girls’improvedperformanceinallsubjects.B.GapsinacademicperformancefoundinEngland.C.TestsconductedbytheDepartmentforEducation.D.ContinuingeffortstoimprovetheUK’seducationquality.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。根據文章第一段可知,根據英國教育部最新公布的關鍵段2測試結果,到小學結束時,英國女孩在所有科目上的成績都超過了男孩。以及第四段的第一句,研究結果存在很大的地區差異,倫敦的學生總體上比英國其他地區的學生表現要好。又根據第六段第一句,大約51%來自弱勢家庭的兒童在數學、閱讀和寫作方面達到了預期標準,與2018年持平。而非弱勢家庭學生達到標準的比例上升至71%,可知,文章通過數據和調研介紹了英國教育中造成學習成績差距的因素,包括性別差異,地區差異,貧困學生和富裕家庭學生之間的差異。B.GapsinacademicperformancefoundinEngland.(英國教育中的學習成績差距)符合以上說法,故選B項。Ⅴ.閱讀填句EffectiveCommunicationWithParentsThisbookexplainshowschoolleaderscanbecomesuccessfulcommunicatorswithteachersandparents.

Theeffectiveapproachestocommunicatingwithparentsinthebookare:Listen,Apologize,Solve,andThank.

1

Itcanbeachallengetolistenquietlywhenbeingattackedorwhenwronginformationisbeingshared,butlisteningquietlywithoutinterruptionisthemostimportant.

2

Manypeoplestrugglewithmakingapologize—especiallywhentheyfeelthey’vedonenothingwrong.Butremember,wearenotnecessarilyapologizingforouractions,butratherbecauseofhowtheparentfeelsorwhathappened.Forexample,“I’msorrythishappened”or“I’msorryyoufeelthatway.”

Listeningandapologizingarethetwohardeststepstoasuccessfulmeetingwithadissatisfiedparent.

3

However,theysetthetoneforthefinaltwostepsofofferingasolutionandthankingtheparentfortheirtime.

4

Moreimportantly,LASThelpstoavoidthedisadvantagesofbecomingdefensive,anddamagingyourpartnershipwiththeparent.

Parent-teacherconferencescanbedifficultwhenthereareagendasoneithersidethatarenotknown.

5

Theyshouldtrytofocusonwherethestudentisacademically,andwhatthechildandparentscandotohelpthesituation.

A.Thesestepscanfeelunpleasant.B.Chooseyourwordscarefullyandthoughtfully.C.Afterlistening,Iencourageteacherstoapologize.D.Whencommunicatingwithaparent,itisimportanttolistenquietly.E.Giveparentsanopportunitytosaywhattheywanttheteachertoknow.F.Onethingteachersshouldknowistomakesuretheconferenceisstudent-centered.G.Whenyoufollowthesefoursteps,anyparent-teacherconferencecanbesuccessful.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學校如何和家長進行有效的交流。1.【解析】選D。空前提到“和家長進行有效的交流的方法是:傾聽,道歉,解決和感謝”,照應空前“LAST”的概念,第一個步驟是Listen,所以D項“當和父母交流時,安靜地聽很重要”強調聽的重要性,放在這里是合理的。故選D項。2.【解析】選C。空處是段首主題句。本段介紹的是“LAST”的第二個步驟:Apologize。段落的主要內容也是如何進行正確的道歉,所以C項“聽完后,我鼓勵老師道歉”切題。故選C項。3.【解析】選A。根據空前“傾聽和道歉是與不滿意的父母進行有成效的會面最困難的兩個步驟。”可知,這兩個步驟不會讓人感覺舒服,A項切題,也啟示下文“它們為最后兩個步驟定下了基調”,故選A項。4.【解析】選G。空后“更重要的是,LAST有助于避免產生戒心,并避免破壞你和父母的關系”是說明“LAST”這種方式的好處,因此G項“當你遵循這四步,任何家長會都會是成功的”切題,與下句都是說明“LAST”這種方式的好處。故選G項。5.【解析】選F。F項“教師需要知道的一件事是確保會議以學生為中心”與前句中的conferences和后句中的focuson既有詞匯上的照應也有意義上的照應。故選F項。Ⅵ.完形填空

PatriciaThomaswasonly17whenshemarriedNarayan,aHinduBrahmin(婆羅門)boy,againstthewishesofherChristianfamily.Shewasdisownedbyherfather,and,tomakethings

1

,herhusband,Narayanturnedouttobeadrugaddictandnever

2

hisfamily.

Leftwithno

3

,PatriciatookfinancialhelpfromhermotherandstartedamobilecartatMarinaBeach.She

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twodisabledpersonstohelpherin

5

snacks,freshjuice,coffeeandtea.

Overthenextyears,herhardwork

6

off,asshestartedrunningcanteensforofficesacrossChennai.Bythen,herhusband’s

7

worsened.Narayanwouldbeatherwhenhedidn’tgetmoneyfromPatricia,anddisappearformonths.In2002,duringonesuch

8

,hedied.Twoyearslater,hernewly-marrieddaughteralso

9

inaroadaccidentalongwithherson-in-law.

Broken-hearted,Patriciaandherson

10

theirfirstrestaurant“Sandeepha”in

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ofherlatedaughter.Patricialovedandtookcareofher

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thewayshewouldtakecareofherdaughter.Shewonanationalawardforwomanin2010forher

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lifeandstruggles.

“Istartedmybusinesswith

14

twopeople.Now,thereare200people

15

formeinmyrestaurants.Mylifestylehaschangedtoo.”

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文,文章講述了印度婦女Patricia在遭父親與她斷絕關系,丈夫去世,女兒女婿死于車禍的打擊之后,艱苦奮斗,創辦了自己的飯店,終獲成功的故事。1.A.worse

B.simpler

C.perfect

D.better【解析】選A。上文提到她父親與她斷絕關系,下文提到她丈夫最終吸毒成癮,二者之間應為遞進關系,意為,更糟糕的是。故選A。2.A.tookpridein B.madeuseofC.tookcareof D.gotridof【解析】選C。丈夫吸毒,無心照顧家庭。tookpridein(以……為榮);madeuseof(利用);tookcareof(照顧);gotridof(擺脫),故選C。3.A.chance B.idea C.direction D.choice【解析】選D。句意:Patricia別無選擇,只得接受了母親的經濟援助,在瑪麗娜海灘開始了移動推車售貨。chance(機會);idea(想法);direction(方向);choice(選擇)。比較選項,只有D符合語境。4.A.introduced B.employedC.wanted D.advised【解析】選B。根據下文“Istartedmybusinesswith______twopeople”可知,此時,她雇了兩個殘疾人幫忙賣貨。故選B。

5.A.making B.transportingC.arranging D.selling【解析】選D。根據下文可知,那兩個殘疾人是她的幫手,幫她賣貨。故選D。6.A.took B.paid C.broke D.set【解析】選B。根據下文“asshestartedrunningcanteensforofficesacrossChennai”以及后來更大的成功,可知,她多年的辛勞得到了回報。故選B。7.A.behavior B.illnessC.condition D.economy【解析】選A。根據下文“Narayanwouldbeatherwhenhedidn’tgetmoneyfromPatricia”可知這里指她丈夫的行為(behavior)越來越壞。故選A。8.A.argument B.periodC.disappearance D.night【解析】選C。根據空格前面的onesuch可知,此處指上文提到的某個現象,也就是她丈夫經常一失蹤就是幾個月。所以此處指在某次這樣的失蹤(disappearance)期間,她丈夫死了。故選C。9.A.escaped B.injuredC.disabled D.died【解析】選D。上文剛提到她丈夫死了,空前also表示女兒和女婿也死了。故選D。10.A.started B.soldC.found D.decorated【解析】選A。根據Patricia的事業發展可知,她先是用小推車賣貨,后來又承包辦公室食堂,現在與兒子一起開了(started)他們的第一家餐館。故選A。11.A.place B.favorC.memory D.search【解析】選C。她給自己的這家餐館起名“Sandeepha”,是為了紀念(memory)故去的女兒。故選C。12.A.son B.restaurantC.family D.staff【解析】選B。上文提到她給自己的餐館起名“Sandeepha”來紀念故去的女兒,所以此處指她像照顧自己女兒一樣照顧這個餐館。故選B。13.A.extraordinary B.longC.difficult D.simple【解析】選A。Patricia被父親斷絕關系,丈夫吸毒,家庭重擔落在她一個人肩上,后來丈夫、女兒和女婿相繼死亡,這些打擊沒有打垮她。她艱苦奮斗,終獲成功,這些經歷可以用非凡的(extraordinary)來形容。故選A。14.A.approximately B.hardlyC.just D.ever【解析】選C。根據兩個人和后來兩百人的對比,可知此處強調當時僅(just)有兩個人。故選C。15.A.caring B.waiting C.paying D.working【解析】選D。這兩百人是她的員工,在她的餐館里為她工作(working)。故選D。Ⅶ.語法填空

InthelonghistoryofChina,manythingsaremore1.________(advance)thantherestoftheworldandliquor(酒)isoneofthem.InChina,liquorbrewed(釀造)fromcerealgrainhasalwaysbeeninthedominantpositionandliquorbrewedfromfruitsaccounts2.________asmallproportiononly.Therefore,toexploretheoriginofliquoris3.________(main)toexploretheoriginofliquorbrewedfromcerealgrain.

Thehistoryofliquor4.________(date)backtotheShangguperiod.InShiji

Yinbenji(HistoricalRecords),therewassomerecordaboutliquor:“KingZhoumadealiquorpooland5.________(hang)meatlikeaforest,drinkingallnightlong.”InShi

Jing(TheBookofSongs),thereweresomepoemsaboutliquor:“Octoberisthetime6.________(harvest)thegraintomakeliquorandpeopleusetheliquortocelebratethelongevityof7.________senior.”Thoserecordsindicatedthatliquorhadahistoryofatleastfivethousandyears.

Accordingtosomearchaeologicalevidence,therewerededicatedliquortoolsamongtheNeolithic(新石器時代)potteriesunearthedinmoderntimes,8.________showedthatliquorbrewingwasratherpopularinprimitivesociety.AftertheXiaandShang9.________(dynasty),thereweremoreandmoreliquor-drinkingvessels,10.________(indicate)thatliquordrinkingwasprevalentatthattime.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國釀酒業的歷史。1.【解析】advanced。考查形容詞。此處表示很多事情比其他國家先進。“more+形容詞”表示比較級,“先進的”用advanced。故填advanced。2.【解析】for。考查介詞。此處表示水果釀的酒只占一小部分。“占據”用accountfor。故填for。3.【解析】mainly。考查副詞。此處表示探索酒的起源主要是探索谷物釀酒的起源。修飾動詞用副詞mainly。故填mainly。4.【解析】dates。考查時態和主謂一致。此處表示酒的歷史可以追溯到上古時期。此處為客觀介紹,用一般現在時,主語為Thehistoryofliquor,謂語動詞用單數。故填dates。5.【解析】hung。考查時態。此處表示建了酒池,懸掛肉像森林一樣,and連接并列謂語,用一般過去時hung與made并列。故填hung。6.【解析】toharvest。考查動詞不定式。此處表示10月是收獲的季節,thetimetodo,做某事的時間,todo作后置定語。故填toharvest。7.【解析】the。考查冠詞。此處表示慶祝年長者的長壽,年長者用thesenior。故填the。8.【解析】which。考查非限制性定語從句。此處表示出土的精致的酒具表明在原始社會釀酒業很受歡迎。此處為定語從句,用which引導非限制性定語從句,在句中作主語。故填which。9.【解析】dynasties。考查名詞的數。此處表示夏商之后,夏商是兩個朝代,所以用復數。故填dynasties。10.【解析】indicating。考查非謂語動詞。此處表示越來越多的飲酒器皿表明飲酒在那時是盛行的。此處用現在分詞。故填indicating。Ⅷ.讀后續寫閱讀下面材料,根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。

AfunnythinghappenedtoArthurwhenhewasonthewaytoworkoneday.AshewalkedalongParkAvenueneartheFirstNationalBank,heheardthesoundofsomeonetryingtostartacar.Hetriedagainandagainbutcouldn’tgetthecarmoving.Arthurturnedandlookedinsideatthefaceofayoungmanwholookedworried.Arthurstoppedandasked,“Itlookslikeyou’vegotaproblem,”Arthursaid.“I’mafraidso.I’minabighurryandIcan’tstartmycar.”

“IstheresomethingIcandotohelp?”Arthurasked.Theyoungmanlookedatthetwosuitcasesinthebackseatandthensaid,“Thanks.Ifyou’resureitwouldn’tbetoomuchtrouble,youcouldhelpmegetthesesuitcasesintoataxi.”

“Notroubleatall.I’dbegladtohelp.”

Theyoungmangotoutandtookoneofthesuitcasesfromthebackseat.Afterplacingitontheground,heturnedtogettheotherone.JustasArthurpickedupthefirstsuitcaseandstartedwalking,heheardthelongloudnoiseofanalarm.Itwasfromthebank.Therehadbeenarobbery!

ParkAvenuehadbeenquietamomentbefore.Nowtheairwasfilledw