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PAGEUnit3FoodandCulture課時素養檢測十Unit3Period2Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAhealthywayofleadingalifeisthroughkeepingyourheartclean.Thefoodintakeandexercisesyouperformtokeepyourhearthealthyandcleanareveryimportant.Itisafactthatmanystrive(努力)toleadahealthylifestylebystickingtostrictdiets.But,somehowwefailtorefuseourfavorite“packagedfoods”.Thesefoodsarenotjustharmfulbutcanhaveasevereeffectonhealthinthelongrun.Heartisoneofthemostimportantandsensitivepartsofahumanbody.Itplaysamajorroleinsupplyingfreshbloodtotheentirebodythatkeepsushealthyandnormal.Therefore,itisveryimportantforustofollowcertainhealthyroutinestokeepourhearthale(健壯的)andhealthy.Hereareafewsimpletipsthatwillhelpyoukeepahealthyheart:Physicalhealth:ExerciseregularlyOneofthemostbasictipsistoexerciseregularly.Obesepeopleareeasiertohaveheart-relateddiseasesthanapersonofnormalweight.Dailyexercisecutsextrafatstoredinthebody,especiallyaroundyourwaistline.Thishelpspreventheart-relateddiseases.MaintaincorrectweightManyofustrytoreducelotsofweightwithawrongassumptionthatbeingoverweightleadstoheartdiseases.Butthefactisthat,eventhinpeoplearelikelytosufferfromheart-relateddiseases.Oneshouldmaintainasteadyweightandavoidtryingtoreduceweightunnecessarily.Dietfactors:AvoidpackagedfoodsInordertopreventheartdiseases,oneshouldavoid“packagedfoods”.Anythingthatcomesinapackagedorprocessedformshouldbecompletelyavoided.These“packagedfoods”notonlycontainstoredfatbutalsoarehighinoxidants(氧化劑)becauseoftheprocessingcycle.CutdownonsugarThiscouldbeverydifficulttobeacceptedbypeoplewithasweettooth.Consumingahighlevelofsugaroneverydaybasisrisksnotonlythechancesofgettingaffectedbydiabetes,butalsoheartdiseases.Itisbettertoreplacesugarwitheithercrystalsugarorbrownsugar.【語篇概述】這是一篇應用文。心臟是人體最重要和最敏感的器官之一,愛護好心臟對于人們防病治病、健康長壽有著重要的意義。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheheart?A.Itiseasytobeinfectedwithvirus.B.Itprovidesfreshbloodforyourbody.C.It’soneofthemostsensitiveorgans.D.Ithasanimportanteffectonyourhealth.【解析】選A。細微環節理解題。依據文章第一段“Heartisoneofthemostimportantandsensitive...thatkeepsushealthyandnormal”可知,心臟是人體最重要和最敏感的部分之一,它為全身供應使我們保持健康和正常的簇新血液。A項在文中找不到依據。2.Ifthefoodishighinoxidants,________.
A.itmaymakeyougetaffectedbydiabetesB.itwillraiseyourbloodpressuregraduallyC.itmaymakeyouputonweightsuddenlyD.itwillprobablydoharmtoyourhealth【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據文中內容可知,包裝食品含有高脂肪和大量氧化劑,因此作者建議不食用包裝食品。由此可知氧化劑可能對身體有害。3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Harmfuleffectsofheartdiseases.B.Healthywaystopreventheartdiseases.C.Greatbenefitsofpossessingahealthyheart.D.Importantrelationshipsbetweenheartsandroutines.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。這是一篇應用文,文章主要講的是擁有健康心臟的方法。第一段最終一句“Hereareafew...heart”亦是提示。BChildrenwhodrinkmoremilkdonotnecessarilydevelophealthierbones,researcherssaidonMondayinareportthatstressesexerciseandmodestconsumptionofcalcium-rich(含鈣豐富的)foodssuchastofuandbroccoli(花椰菜).ThereportdrewitsconclusionsfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesandwaswrittenbyresearchersfromthePhysiciansCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine,whichadvocatesastrictvegetariandiet.“Underscientificstudy,thesupportforthemilkmythisdefeated.Thisanalysisof58publishedstudiesshowsthattheevidenceonwhichU.S.milkintakerecommendationsarebasedisscant,”saidstudyauthorDr.AmyLanouinastatement.TheU.S.governmenthasgraduallyincreasedrecommendationsfordailycalciumintake,largelyfrommilkproducts.ButthePhysiciansCommittee’sreportsaidincreasingconsumptionofmilkproductswasnotnecessarilythebestwaytoprovidethenecessarycalciumintakeofatleast400milligramsperday.Otherwaystogettheabsorbablecalciumfoundinonecupofcow’smilkincludeacupoforangejuice,twopackagesofinstantoats(燕麥),twothirdscupoftofu,or1-2/3cupsofbroccoli,thereportsaid.Anditalsopointedoutthatmilkproductsprovide18percentofthetotalenergyand25percentofthetotalfatintakeinthedietsofAmericanchildrenwhoaredevelopingincreasingratesofobesity.FrankGreer,whospecializesinchildren’sillnessesattheUniversityofWisconsininMadison,saidtheidealwaytoachievethegoalofhealthybonesistomakesurechildrenexerciseandconsumeupto1,300milligramsadayofcalcium.【語篇概述】本文主要講解并描述了僅喝牛奶不能讓孩子骨骼強健,志向的方式是進行適當熬煉并且補足夠夠的鈣。4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.CalciumIsMoreImportantthanMilkB.VegetarianDietBecomesPopularC.HowtoGetRidofObesityD.DoesMoreMilkReallyBenefitUs?【解析】選D。標題歸納題。本文通過一個探討結論顛覆了傳統的思想:喝牛奶可滿足孩子對鈣的需求。由此可推知,作者想要表達的是“更多的牛奶對我們真的有益嗎?”故答案為D項。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scant”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Accurate. B.Enough.C.Notenough. D.Inaccurate.【解析】選C。詞義揣測題。依據第三段前三句可推知美國對牛奶攝入量的建議所依據的證據不足,故選C項。6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedasawaytogetabsorbablecalcium?A.Drinkingcow’smilk.B.Drinkingorangejuice.C.Takingmoreexercise.D.Eatingsometofu.【解析】選C。細微環節理解題。依據倒數其次段中“Otherwaystogettheabsorbablecalciumfound...broccoli”可知A、B、D三項均有提到,C項未提及。7.Wecanseefromthepassagethat________.
A.Americanchildren’sobesityhassomethingtodowithmilkintakeB.theU.S.governmenthasrealizedexerciseisimportantforhealthierbonesC.researchersareallagainstchildren’scalciumintakefrommilkproductsD.childrencandevelophealthierbonesonlybyconsumingmilkproducts【解析】選A。推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段最終一句可知牛奶產品占那些變得肥胖的兒童的脂肪攝入量的25%,由此可推斷牛奶的攝入和兒童的肥胖有關。Ⅱ.完形填空HereImustputinafewwordsaboutmyexperiencehereinChina.IfIhave1withaChinesehost,healwayspressesmorefoodontomyplateassoonasIhaveemptiedtheprevioushelping(份額).Thatoftenmakesme2veryawkward(尷尬的).IhavetoeatthefoodevenifIdon’t3it,becauseitisconsidered4mannersintheWesttoleaveone’sfoodontheplate.Ihavealso5thatwhenaChinesesitsatanAmerican’sdinnerparty,heveryoften6theofferoffoodordrinkthoughheisinfactstillhungryor7.ThismightbegoodmannersinChina,butitiscertainlynotintheWest.IntheUnitedStates,itis8tokeepaskingsomeoneagainandagainorpresssomethingonhim.Americansarevery9.Iftheywantsomething,theywillaskforit.Ifnot,theywillsay,“no,thanks.”Here’sanexample:WhenanAmericanisoffered10bythehost,andhedoesn’tfeellikebeer,hewillprobablysay,“No,thanks.Ijustdon’tfeellikeit.I’ll11somePepsi-Colaifyouhaveit.”Thatis12anAmericanwilldo.13aretaughtthat“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”Butinsomecountries,courtesy(虛心)mightbemoreimportantthan14.SowhenIamhereinChina,Ihavetoobservethe15here.ButwhenyougototheUnitedStates,youhadbetter“DoastheRomansdo.”
【語篇概述】本文主要講解并描述了中西方國家不同的餐桌禮儀。作者建議大家要入鄉隨俗。1.A.trouble B.dinner C.words D.difficulty【解析】選B。從后面的“healwayspressesmorefoodontomyplate...”可知,此處說的是吃飯時的禮節問題,故用dinner。2.A.think B.taste C.feel D.smell【解析】選C。主子的這種做法讓作者覺得很尷尬。在這里應用系動詞feel。taste(品嘗)雖可作系動詞,但不符合語境。3.A.eat B.like C.drink D.help【解析】選B。依據西方人的觀點,吃飯時應把盤子里的飯都吃完,否則就是不禮貌。因此,當在中國吃飯時,盡管不喜愛主子硬給盛飯的這種做法,但只好把主子硬給盛的這些飯都吃了。4.A.important B.bad C.polite D.rude【解析】選B。從語境來看,此處指“在西方把飯剩留在盤子里被認為是不禮貌的”。badmanners意為“沒有禮貌的”。5.A.noticed B.mindedC.heard D.informed【解析】選A。notice留意到,留意到。作者留意到當一個中國人參與一個美國人的派對時,他會常常拒絕供應應他的食物和飲料。6.A.accepts B.refuses C.nods D.gives【解析】選B。從上下文可知,此處說的是“我”在一個美國人實行的宴會上所看到的一個中國人的做法,即他常常拒絕別人讓他吃的食物或飲料,盡管他很餓或很渴。7.A.thirsty B.angry C.happy D.full【解析】選A。前面說的是foodordrink,這里的hungry應與thirsty相對。8.A.impolite B.good C.kind D.sad【解析】選A。由上下文可知,在美國不停地問人家或把東西強加給他人是不禮貌的。9.A.honest B.direct C.short D.kind【解析】選B。從下文的“假如他們想要東西,他們就要;假如不想要,就說’不,感謝’”等可知,這里說的是美國人很“干脆”。direct意為“干脆的”。10.A.food B.beer C.coffee D.tea【解析】選B。從下半句“andhedoesn’tfeellikebeer,hewillprobablysay...”來看,這里說的是“主子給美國人啤酒喝時……”。11.A.bring B.offer C.like D.take【解析】選D。此處句意:不,感謝。我不喜愛它。假如有百事可樂的話,就給我來點它吧。take在這里是“喝”的意思。12.A.that B.what C.whether D.how【解析】選B。前面舉例說明美國人的一些做法,即“這就是美國人的做法”。what在此引導表語從句。13.A.Englishmen B.FrenchmenC.Americans D.Australians【解析】選C。本文談論的就是中國人與美國人在餐桌上的禮儀問題,故此處應選Americans。14.A.manners B.honesty C.request D.order【解析】選B。依據上面的“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”可知,此處說的是“但是在一些國家虛心或許比誠懇更重要”。 15.A.customs B.habits C.action D.ways【解析】選A。本文談論的是風俗習慣問題,故用customs。habits說的是個人習慣,不符合語境。【技法導練】方法指導
細微環節理解——事實細微環節題
一、概述:事實細微環節題常以應用文的形式出現在考題中,涉及的話題有:廣告類、活動支配類、書籍電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設問方式是以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等開頭的特別疑問句。
二、解題技巧——題干定位,找尋信息
題干定位法是做事實細微環節題最基本的也是最常用的方法。事實細微環節題主要考查對某句話或某幾句話的理解,可依據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子,然后進行比較和分析,便可以確定最佳答案。“題干定位法”分為三步:
第一步:先通過題干信息來選擇定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數詞等,即問題的核心信息。
其次步:在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的近義詞,找出相關的句子。
第三步:分析這些句子和選項,得出正確答案。語法填空Eatingatrestaurantshasn’talwaysbeenknownasthebestchoiceforpeople1._____________aretryingtokeepahealthydiet.Itis2._____________(extreme)hardforpeopletoavoidfoodthatisn’tsogoodforthemwhendiningout.However,youdon’thavetogiveupyourloveof3._____________(restaurant).Therearewaysthatyoucaneathealthierfoodwhendiningoutwhileyoucanstillenjoytheexperience.
Onemethodistotaketime4._____________(read)thenutritioninformation.Somerestaurantspostitontheirmenusortheirwebsites.Ifyouknowyou’regoingtovisit5._____________certainrestaurant,youshouldcheckthewebsitefirst.Ifnonutritioninformation6._____________(list),youshouldcheckthemenuattherestaurantbeforeyouorder.
Anotherwayistothinkaboutnoteatin
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