專題06閱讀理解新聞報道10篇+議論文10篇(模考好題20篇)一、概述1.新聞報道題目設置靈活多樣，通常以細節理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，兼顧猜測詞義、句意題及目的意圖題和主旨大意題。標題是對新聞報道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命題者考慮設題的重點。(1)考查新聞事件的六要素，題型主要為細節題。(2)考查對新聞事件的觀點，題型主要為觀點推斷題。(3)考查語篇銜接，推斷某一特定詞或者短語的指代內容，題型主要為指代、推斷題。(4)概括主旨，題型主要為主題歸納題。2.議論文議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發表見解或提出主張的說理性文章，主要是就某一主題，在擺出正反兩方面觀點的基礎上，通過論證、推理、辯論等手段，試圖讓讀者最終接受作者對這一主題的某種觀點。議論文都是由論點、論據和論證這三個要素構成的，這也是一個提出問題—分析問題—解決問題的過程。

它的語言自然、客觀、抽象、概括。二、技巧點撥1.新聞報道:知事抓導語。導語位于新聞報道的首段，高度概括新聞事實，5W(When，Where,Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓導語便對新聞事件有了大體把握，對做閱讀理解試題而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。欲知詳情，讀新聞背景和主體。新聞背景交待新聞事實的起因，主體則對導語概括的新聞事實進行詳細敘述。探求結果到結尾。結尾往往是新聞事件的結果或動態展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常與新聞導語相呼應，命題者也樂于在此設題。2.議論文(1)把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意(2)把握作者的觀點和態度議論文往往體現作者對某一事物的觀點，而作者的觀點就是文章的論點。考生要把握作者的觀點，把握作者對某一事物是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反對，而通常把握了作者的觀點也就找準了文章的論點。(3)結合論點、論據，找出正確選項一般說來，能說明論據主要內容的答案可以在論點里得到印證，而論點里的某些答案也可以與論據有機地結合起來，使論點、論據形成相輔相成的關系，因而整個文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾，論據與論點相反，最后的結論與論點相矛盾，那么我們就要重新回過頭來理順文章的各個部分，直到清楚為止，這樣才能選出正確答案。(4)通篇閱讀，圍繞主題(論點)推敲有疑問的題目，并最終確定答案。逐題按照文章的內容及語境選擇完畢后，一篇完整的文章便呈現出來，此時，要注意一定要通讀全文，以驗證個別題目的答案是否與主題偏離，以求更高的準確度。模擬演練01新聞報道Passage1(2024屆江蘇省蘇錫常鎮四市高三下學期二模)Deforestatio--byclear-cuttingorwildfires--hasmassiveconsequencesbothonclimateandhealth.ButleavingreforestationtoMotherNaturecantakedecades,particularlyasdisastrouswildfiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.Andthetime,costandlaborinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.BryceJonesknowshowharditistoreplantforests.Forfourmonthsin2013,heworkedasatreeplanterthroughoutCanada.“There’snotechnologythere,”hesays.“Theonlywayyoucanaccomplishreforestationisthroughtheair.”Butitwasn’tuntil2019thathehitontheonethathethoughthadpotential:usedrones(無人機)tofirespeciallydesignedseedpods(莢)intotheground-at10timesthenormaltemperatureandcosting20percentlessthantraditionalmethods.HeproposedtheideatohisbrotherandFlashForcerwasborn.Hisfirstgoalwastoplantabilliontreesby2025.Theteamtookoutaloan,boughtadroneandused3DprintersatJones’sschooltomakecastsofthepods.Now,onlytwoandahalfyearslater,thecompanyhasagroupofdroneswitheachabletocarryseveralthousandpodsperflight.Threeoperatorsworkinafield,controllingfivedrones,whoseflighttake15to20minutes.FlashForcer’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlings(幼苗)needtosurvivesurvival.Anditstechnologyallowsthemtoreachpost-burnsitesorremoteareasthataredifficultfortraditionaltreeplanting.Therearechallengeseveryday,Jonessays,astheyworktoimprovetheengineering,hardware,softwareandseed-podrecipes.Thentherearethechallengespresentedbytheclimate--thisyear,recordtemperatures,recordwildfiresanddrought.“Thatwassomethingthatwastotallyoutofourcontrol,”hesays.Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForcerisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthecompanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph1?A.Thebenefitsofreforestation.B.ThepowerofAImachines.C.Thewayofputtingoutwildfires.D.Thenecessityofusingnewplantingmethods.2.WhatcontributestotheparticularappealofFlashForest?A.Itsdroneoperators. B.Thefrequentflights.C.Itsseedpod. D.Thelowcostofseedlings.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph4referto?A.Extremeweather. B.Dronetechnology.C.3Dequipment. D.Computersoftware.4.WhatcanweinferaboutFlashForestfromthelastparagraph?A.Itchangeditsfocusinthepast.B.Itwillachieveitsfinaltargetin2025.C.Itmightbeavailableworldwideoneday.D.Ithasreplacedtraditionalformsofreforestation.【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C【導語】本文是新聞報道。這篇文章主要報道了一項新的科技應用——使用無人機進行森林再造。1.推理判斷題。根據第一段“Deforestatio——byclear-cuttingorwildfires——hasmassiveconsequencesbothonclimateandhealth.ButleavingreforestationtoMotherNaturecantakedecades,particularlyasdisastrouswildfiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.Andthetime,costandlaborinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.(森林砍伐——通過砍伐樹木或野火——對氣候和健康都有巨大的影響。但是，把重新造林交給大自然可能需要幾十年的時間，尤其是在災難性的野火頻率和強度都在增加的情況下。而且所涉及的時間、成本和勞動力使得傳統的植樹方法不像以前那么實用了)”可知，作者在第一段想告訴我們用傳統的種樹方法也不切實際，意思就是我們需要更新更先進的種樹方法，也就是采用新的種植方法的必要性。故選D項。2.細節理解題。根據倒數第三段“Theteamtookoutaloan,boughtadroneandused3DprintersatJones’sschooltomakecastsofthepods.Now,onlytwoandahalfyearslater,thecompanyhasagroupofdroneswitheachabletocarryseveralthousandpodsperflight.Threeoperatorsworkinafield,controllingfivedrones,whoseflighttake15to20minutes.FlashForcer’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlings(幼苗)needtosurvivesurvival.Anditstechnologyallowsthemtoreachpost-burnsitesorremoteareasthataredifficultfortraditionaltreeplanting.(該團隊貸款，購買了一架無人機，并在瓊斯的學校使用3D打印機制作了豆莢的模型。現在，僅僅兩年半之后，該公司就擁有了一組無人機，每架無人機每次飛行都能攜帶數千個吊艙。三名操作員在一個現場工作，控制五架無人機，飛行時間為15到20分鐘。FlashForcer最大的吸引力在于它的種子莢，里面包含了幼苗生存所需的一切。它的技術使它們能夠到達燃燒后的地點或傳統植樹難以到達的偏遠地區。)”可知，FlashForcer最大的吸引力在于它的種子莢。故選C項。3.詞句猜測題。that為代詞，應是代指前文提到的事物，根據前文“Thentherearethechallengespresentedbytheclimate——thisyear,recordtemperatures,recordwildfiresanddrought.(然后是氣候帶來的挑戰——今年，創紀錄的氣溫、創紀錄的野火和干旱。)”可知，that代指應是前文提到的極端天氣。故選A項。4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForcerisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthecompanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.(與一些傳統形式的再造林不同，FlashForcer專注于生物多樣性。對瓊斯來說，到2025年種植10億棵樹的目標僅僅是個開始。他說：“我有一個夢想，公司將在六大洲——任何需要我們技術的地方——建廠。”)”可知，從本段可推斷也許FlashForest以后會推廣至全世界。故選C項。Passage2(2024·河北滄州·一模)Supermarkets,conservationistsandfarminggroupshaveshowntheirconcernsaboutpollutionoftheWye,oneoftheUK’slongestrivers.“ThepollutionpressuresupontheWyeareunacceptableandtherewasstrongenthusiasmforcooperativeactiontoresolvetheproblem.”saidCraigBennett,headoftheWildlifeTrusts.Thepollutionreferredlargelytorunoffofthenutrient-richwastematterproducedbythe20million-pluschickensneartheriver.Bennettsaid:“Wediscussedhow,iftheWyewereaschoolorahospital,wewouldbecallingforittobeplacedinto‘specialmeasures’.Weagreedthesamelevelofurgencymustbeapplied.”IncreasingconcernledthelocalgovernmenttoholdadiscussioninMay,whentheypromisedtopublishaplanfortheWyebytheautumn.However,thelocalgovernment’spushontheriverwasmarredinJunewhentheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairspublishedaWyevideoshowingseaotters(海獺)ratherthantheriver’slocalEuropeanotters.ThepollutionoftheWyewasnotmentionedatall.InJulyBennetthostedaWyeroundtableinPowys,Wales,bringingtogetherlocalgroups,theEnvironmentAgency,thechickenproduceAvaraFoodsr,regionalbranchesoftheNationalFarmersUnionandlocalauthorities.Theyagreedonaplanthatincludedcuttingthenutrientpollution“throughareductioninanimalnumbers”andothermeasures.BennettalsowrotetoJulieJames,theWelshClimateChangeMinister,whosaid,“IshareyourconcernforthehealthoftheRiverWyeandotherWelshrivers.”Asupermarketchainsaidtheyarecommittedtoprotectingtheriverandengagingwiththeirchickensupplierstotacklewaterpollution.Theyhavedetailedmanagementplanstomakesuretheirsuppliersarefarmingwithcarefortheenvironment.Agovernmentspokesmansaid:“Weareofferingawiderangeofsupporttofarmerstospeeduptheirtransitiontomoresustainablepracticesandhelpprotectthisimportantsite.”1.WhydoesBennettcomparetheWyewithaschoolorahospital?A.Tocallforurgentmeasures. B.Tostresstheimpactsoftheriver.C.Toshowtheimportanceoftheriver. D.Tourgepeopletoprotecttheenvironment.2.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“marred”inParagraph4?A.Destroyed. B.Boosted C.Perfected. D.Emphasized.3.Whatisagreedonattheroundtable?A.Makingacarefulplan. B.Reducinganimalnumbers.C.Arousingpeople’sawareness. D.Askingthegovernmentformoney.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SeaOttersAreunderAttackforPossiblePollutionB.CooperatedEffortsAreMadetoProtecttheWyeC.PeopleAreHavingMoreEnvironmentalAwarenessD.MoreMeasuresShouldBeTakentoPreventAirPollution【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.B【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了英國瓦伊河污染得到重視并準備治理的消息。1.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Bennettsaid:“Wediscussedhow,iftheWyewereaschoolorahospital,wewouldbecallingforittobeplacedinto‘specialmeasures’.Weagreedthesamelevelofurgencymustbeapplied.”(Bennett說：“我們討論過，如果懷伊是一所學校或醫院，我們將如何要求將其置于‘特殊措施’之中。我們一致認為，必須采取同樣的緊急措施。”)”可推知，Bennett覺得應該把瓦伊河的污染看作和學校或醫院受到污染一樣重要，必須采取同樣程度的緊急措施。故選A。2.詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞后文“inJunewhentheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairspublishedaWyevideoshowingseaotters(海獺)ratherthantheriver’slocalEuropeanotters(當時環境、食品和農村事務部公布了一段懷伊的視頻，視頻中顯示的是海獺，而不是這條河上當地的歐洲水獺)”可知，海獺事件的出現使得政府解決瓦伊河污染的推進工作受到了阻礙。故劃線詞意思是“破壞”。故選A。3.細節理解題。根據第五段“Theyagreedonaplanthatincludedcuttingthenutrientpollution“throughareductioninanimalnumbers”andothermeasures.(他們達成了一項計劃，包括“通過減少動物數量”和其他措施來減少營養污染)”可知，在圓桌會議上達成了減少動物數量的協議。故選B。4.主旨大意題。根據第一段“Supermarkets,conservationistsandfarminggroupshaveshowntheirconcernsaboutpollutionoftheWye,oneoftheUK’slongestrivers.“ThepollutionpressuresupontheWyeareunacceptableandtherewasstrongenthusiasmforcooperativeactiontoresolvetheproblem.”saidCraigBennett,headoftheWildlifeTrusts.(超市、自然資源保護主義者和農業組織對英國最長的河流之一懷伊河的污染表示擔憂。“懷伊河的污染壓力是不可接受的，大家都非常希望采取合作行動來解決問題。野生動物信托基金會負責人克雷格·貝內特說)”結合文章報道了英國瓦伊河遭到污染，政府以及連鎖店積極想辦法進行治理的事情，因此判斷B項“共同努力保護河流”可以作為最佳標題。故選B。Passage3(2024·浙江嘉興·二模)Meatcultivated(培植)fromcells—withnoneedtoraiseandkillanimals—isnowareality.Theprocessofcultivatingmeatusesthebasicelementsneededtobuildmuscleandfatandenablesthesamebiologicalprocessthathappensinsideananimal.Cultivatedmeatisidenticaltoconventionalmeatatthecellularlevel.Butcanitbemadecheaplyenoughtoreplaceanimalagriculture?Morethan150startupsarepursuinganambitiousgoal:meatthatdoesn’trequireraisingandkillinganimalsandthatisaffordableandtastesandfeelslikethemeatweeatnow.Theyarepartofayoungindustryaimingtousecellbiologytoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheworld’sever-increasingdemandformeatandchangeglobalproteinproductionthewayelectriccarsareshakinguptheautoindustry.“Weareaddictedtomeatasaspecies.It’spartofourculture,”saidBelieverfounderYaakovNahmias.But“wethoughtaboutquantityratherthantheenvironment,ratherthansustainability.”Althoughtherearedozensofcompaniesmakingthismeat,nonehaveyetreachedcommercial-levelproductionintermsofscaleorcost.Fromcelllinedevelopmenttobio-processordesign,thereareanumberofscientificchallengestomeetbeforecultivatedmeatiswidelyavailableatthemarket.Governmentpolicyisanotherchallenge.OnlySingaporeandtheU.S.allowsalesofcultivatedmeat.Andwhilemanypeoplewhohavetrieditsaytheylikeit,othersfindtheideadistasteful.ArecentsurveyfromTheAssociatedPress-NORCCenterforPublicAffairsResearchfoundthathalfofU.S.adultswouldbeunlikelytotryit.Whentheywereaskedwhy,abouthalfsaidtheydidn’tthinkitwouldbesafe.EvenNahmias’10-year-oldsonOrensaidhewouldonlyeattraditionalmeat.“Ifeelbad”fortheanimals,hesaid,“buttheyareyummy!”“Untilthismeatcostsandtastesthesameastraditionalmeat,itwillremainaspecializedproduct,”saidBruceFriedrich,presidentoftheGoodFoodInstitute.1.Whydoesthewriteraskaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Toindicateanopinion. B.Topresentaworry.C.Tomakeanassumption. D.Tostartadiscussion.2.Whatdoesthecultivatedmeatindustryaimtodo?A.Studycellbiology. B.Providesustainableprotein.C.Endworldhunger. D.Helpthetraditionalfoodindustry.3.Whatcanweinferaboutcultivatedmeat?A.Itisunripeformassproduction. B.Itisaspopularastraditionalmeat.C.Itissaferthantraditionalmeat. D.Itiscompetitiveinpriceandquantity.4.WhatisBruceFriedrich’sattitudetothefutureofcultivatedmeat?A.Enthusiastic. B.Dismissive. C.Unclear. D.Reserved.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了用細胞培養的肉的發展和人們的看法。1.推理判斷題。根據第一段“Meatcultivated(培植)fromcells—withnoneedtoraiseandkillanimals—isnowareality.Theprocessofcultivatingmeatusesthebasicelementsneededtobuildmuscleandfatandenablesthesamebiologicalprocessthathappensinsideananimal.Cultivatedmeatisidenticaltoconventionalmeatatthecellularlevel.Butcanitbemadecheaplyenoughtoreplaceanimalagriculture?(用細胞培養的肉——不需要飼養和殺死動物——現在已經成為現實。培育肉類的過程使用了建立肌肉和脂肪所需的基本元素，并實現了與動物體內相同的生物過程。栽培肉在細胞水平上與傳統肉相同。但是，它能以足夠低的成本取代畜牧業嗎？)”可知，作者在第一段提出問題是要發出一個關于培植肉是否能以足夠低的成本取代畜牧業這個話題的討論。故選D。2.細節理解題。根據第二段“Theyarepartofayoungindustryaimingtousecellbiologytoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheworld’sever-increasingdemandformeatandchangeglobalproteinproductionthewayelectriccarsareshakinguptheautoindustry.(它們是一個年輕行業的一部分，該行業旨在利用細胞生物學來減少世界對肉類日益增長的需求對環境的影響，并改變全球蛋白質生產，就像電動汽車正在撼動汽車行業一樣)”可知，培植肉類行業的目標是提供可持續的蛋白質。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據第四段“thereareanumberofscientificchallengestomeetbeforecultivatedmeatiswidelyavailableatthemarket.(從細胞系開發到生物處理器設計，在培植肉在市場上廣泛上市之前，需要應對許多科學挑戰)”可知，大規模生產培植肉類還未成熟。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Untilthismeatcostsandtastesthesameastraditionalmeat,itwillremainaspecializedproduct,”saidBruceFriedrich,presidentoftheGoodFoodInstitute.(美食研究所所長布魯斯·弗里德里希說：“在這種肉的價格和味道與傳統肉相同之前，它將一直是一種專業產品。”)”可知，布魯斯·弗里德里希對培植肉持有保守的態度。故選D。Passage4(2024·江蘇南通·模擬預測)GuangdongDongpoPaper,apapercompanyinGuangdongProvince,China,recentlymadeinternationalheadlinesforreplacingitstraditionalperformance-basedemployeebonusschemewithanotherone.Topromoteahealthylifestyleamongits100employees,managementdecidedtorewardthembasedonhowmuchtheyexercise.Forexample,anemployeewillbeeligibleforafullmonthlybonusiftheyrun50kmamonth.Theywillget60percentofthebonusforrunning40km,and30percentfor30km.Runningenthusiastsmaystandtogetuptoan30%bonusiftheycanprovetheyranover100kminasinglemonth.“Mybusinesscanonlyendureifmyemployeesarehealthy,”saidDongpoPaperboss,LinZhiyong,addingthathespentthelastthreeyearsencouraginghisemployeestoenjoysportsandfitness.Thedistancerunbyeveryemployeeistrackedbyanappontheirphones,whichalsotakesintoaccountactivitieslikemountainhikingandspeedwalking,whichcanaccountfor60and30percentrespectivelyofthetotalexerciserequired.Theprogramhasprovenagreatsuccess,andLinZhiyonghimselfsomewhatofanexerciseenthusiast,claimsthatallemployeesqualifytogetthefullbonus.AccordingtoChinesemedia,DongpoPaperemployeescouldn’tbehappierwiththenewbonusstructure,claimingthatthecompanynowallowsthemto“killtwobirdswithonestone”asthey“cangetbothhealthandmoney.”Butwhilethenewpolicyhasbeengettinggenerallypositivefeedbackonline,somenetizensitcanleadtodiscrimination.“Theintentionofthecompany’spolicyisgoodbutitshouldtakeintoconsiderationanyexistinghealthissuesamongitsemployees,”onepersoncommentedonline,askingwhatthepolicyisforemployeeswhoareatriskofheartattacksorareotherwiseunabletomeetthebonusrequirements.OthersaccusedGuangdongDongpoPaperofputtingitsemployees’healthatriskbysettingveryhighbonusthresholdsforthem.Somenetizensbelievethatemployeescouldruintheirkneesbychasingthesegoals.1.WhydoestheschemeofGuangdongDongpoPaperbecomeahit?A.Itfavorsthosewhoran30kmmost. B.Itdefineswhatahealthylifestyleis.C.Itisbasedonathleticperformances. D.Itistopromoteatraditionallifestyle.2.WhatmayLinZhiyongagreewith?A.Whenworkisapleasure,lifeisjoy.B.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.C.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.D.Thehealthofemployeesisthewealthofemployers.3.What’sDongpoPaperemployee’sresponsetowardsthisscheme?A.Cautious. B.Positive.C.Concerned. D.Negative.4.WhatisthemajorconcernontheInternet?A.Theemployee’sphysicalconditions. B.Theimpracticalbonusrequirements.C.Theslimchanceofchasingthegoals. D.Theriskofdevelopingheartdiseases.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A【導語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要講述中國廣東省的一家紙業公司廣東東坡紙業最近因用基于運動的員工獎金計劃取代傳統的基于績效的員工獎金方案而登上國際頭條。1.細節理解題。由文章第一段“Topromoteahealthylifestyleamongits100employees,managementdecidedtorewardthembasedonhowmuchtheyexercise.Forexample,anemployeewillbeeligibleforafullmonthlybonusiftheyrun50kmamonth.Theywillget60percentofthebonusforrunning40km,and30percentfor30km.Runningenthusiastsmaystandtogetuptoan30%bonusiftheycanprovetheyranover100kminasinglemonth.(為了在100名員工中推廣健康的生活方式，管理層決定根據他們的運動量來獎勵他們。例如，如果員工每月跑50公里，則有資格獲得全額月度獎金。他們跑40公里將獲得60%的獎金，跑30公里將獲得30%的獎金。如果跑步愛好者能夠證明自己在一個月內跑了100多公里，他們可能會獲得高達30%的獎金。)”可知，廣東東坡紙的員工獎金方案之所以成為熱門，是因為它是以運動表現為基礎而制定的。故選C項。2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Mybusinesscanonlyendureifmyemployeesarehealthy,(只有我的員工身體健康，我的業務才能持續下去，)”可知，LinZhiyong認為只有健康的員工，公司才會有更好的業績，所以D項Thehealthofemployeesisthewealthofemployers.(雇員的健康是雇主的財富。)符合文意。故選D項。3.細節理解題。由文章第四段“AccordingtoChinesemedia,DongpoPaperemployeescouldn’tbehappierwiththenewbonusstructure,claimingthatthecompanynowallowsthemto‘killtwobirdswithonestone’asthey’cangetbothhealthandmoney.’(據中國媒體報道，東坡紙業的員工對新的獎金結構非常滿意，他們聲稱公司現在允許他們‘一舉兩得’，因為他們‘既能得到健康，又能得到金錢’)”可知，東坡紙業員工對此方案的反應是積極的。故選B項。4.細節理解題。由文章最后一段“OthersaccusedGuangdongDongpoPaperofputtingitsemployees’healthatriskbysettingveryhighbonusthresholdsforthem.Somenetizensbelievethatemployeescouldruintheirkneesbychasingthesegoals.(其他人則指責廣東東坡紙業為員工設定了非常高的獎金門檻，從而危及員工的健康。一些網民認為，員工追逐這些目標可能會毀了他們的膝蓋。)”可知，互聯網上反對該方案的網民主要擔心的是員工的身體健康狀況。故選A項。Passage5(2024·江蘇泰州·一模)NormanLear,ageniusproducerandscreenwriter,passedawayonTuesdayinLosAngelesattheageof101.“Lear’shitcomedyshowschangedtelevisionforever,”saidDarnelHunt,aleadingartistonTV.LeargrewupinanordinaryfamilyinConnecticut,whereanunexpectedaccidentbroughtabouthisfather’sbusinesscollapse.Sohehadtodropoutofcollegeandjoinedthearmy.Inhislate20s,hemovedtoLosAngeleswherehestruggledhardforseveralyears,sellingfurnituredoortodoor.Lateron,unsatisfiedwithhislife,heeventuallyturnedtowritingforanightclubcomedyact.By1971,whenhewasalmost50,Learhadproducedanddirectedsomeshows,amongwhichwasthehitshowAllintheFamily.Inthebeginning,itdidn’tgetontheairsmoothly.However,onceitdid,thisshowmadeittothetop10foreightofitsnineseasons,promisingLear’slifewastochange.ThissuccessfulshowwasjustthebeginningofLear’sdominatingpositionincomedyshows.ThencameTheJeffersons,aboutafamilyonitswayup.Itranforelevenseasons,oneofthelongestrunningcomedyshowsontelevision,becominganothersuccessfulstory.Wheninterviewedaboutthehitofhisshows,Learsaid,“Ourteamreadtwoorthreenewspapersaday,paidalotofattentiontoourfamilies,andcameintotalkabouteverythingthatwasaffectingusinourdailylives.”Therefore,itcameasnosurprisethatviewershadasenseofLear’sownfamilyafterwatchingAllintheFamily.“Routinely,Lear’sshowsmightgetfiftyorsixtymillionviewers.Hewasindirectcontactwiththelivingroomsandfamiliesofthecountry,”saysMartyKaplan,foundingdirectoroftheNormanLearCenter.“Leardideverythingwithhumorandsympathy.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutLearfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heledachallenginglifeinhistwenties.B.Hisshowshadlittleimpactontelevision.C.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobeascreenwriter.D.Hereceivedgoodeducationdespitehisfather’sbusinessfailure.2.WhichfactormaycontributetothesuccessofLear’sshows?A.Hisshowsreflectedrealdailylife. B.Hisshowsfeaturedsurpriseendings.C.Hisshowsgoontheairimmediately. D.Hisshowsdominatedthecomedyindustry.3.WhatcanweinferfromMartyKaplan’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Learpromotedhisshowstofamiliesdirectly.B.Learwonwidespreadpopularityforhisshows.C.Learcarriedoutface-to-faceinteractionswithviewers.D.Learalwaysfocusesonthethemesofhumorandsympathy.4.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acomedyscript. B.Astorycollection.C.Aliteraturereview. D.Anewsreport.【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.D【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了天才制片人和編劇NormanLear去世的消息，并回顧了他的生平，介紹了他創作的喜劇所取得的巨大成功。1.推理判斷題。根據第二段中“LeargrewupinanordinaryfamilyinConnecticut,whereanunexpectedaccidentbroughtabouthisfather’sbusinesscollapse.Sohehadtodropoutofcollegeandjoinedthearmy.Inhislate20s,hemovedtoLosAngeleswherehestruggledhardforseveralyears,sellingfurnituredoortodoor.(Lear在康涅狄格州的一個普通家庭長大，一場意外事故導致他父親的生意破產。所以他不得不從大學退學去參軍。在他快三十歲的時候，他搬到了洛杉磯，在那里他努力奮斗了幾年，挨家挨戶地賣家具)”可知，Lear成長于普通家庭，因父親生意破產而從大學退學去參軍，快三十歲時得靠著賣家具努力掙錢。由此可知，他二十多歲時過著充滿挑戰的生活。故選A項。2.推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Wheninterviewedaboutthehitofhisshows,Learsaid,“Ourteamreadtwoorthreenewspapersaday,paidalotofattentiontoourfamilies,andcameintotalkabouteverythingthatwasaffectingusinourdailylives.”(在被采訪到他的節目大受歡迎時，Lear說：“我們的團隊每天讀兩三份報紙，非常關注我們的家庭，并討論影響我們日常生活的一切事情。”)”可知，Lear的節目創作團隊關注報紙上的新聞、自己的家庭、日常生活中的一切。由此可知，他的節目反映了真實的日常生活，這一點有助于節目的成功。故選A項。3.推理判斷題。根據最后一段MartyKaplan所說的話“Routinely,Lear’sshowsmightgetfiftyorsixtymillionviewers.Hewasindirectcontactwiththelivingroomsandfamiliesofthecountry(Lear的節目通常會吸引五六千萬觀眾。他與這個國家的客廳和家庭直接接觸)”可知，Lear創作的節目觀眾非常多，他與觀眾建立了緊密的聯系。由此推知，Lear因節目而廣受歡迎。故選B項。4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“NormanLear,ageniusproducerandscreenwriter,passedawayonTuesdayinLosAngelesattheageof101.(天才制片人和編劇NormanLear周二在洛杉磯去世，享年101歲)”可知，文章主要報道了天才制片人和編劇NormanLear去世的消息，并以此簡要回顧了他的生平經歷，介紹了他創作的喜劇所取得的巨大成功。因此，文章應該出自新聞報道。故選D項。Passage6(2024山東聊城高三上·期末)ThisstoryispartofNature’s10,anannuallistproducedbytheworld’sleadingsciencejournalNature,exploringindividualswhocontributedtothekeydevelopmentsinscience.Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.Butwhyincludeacomputerprograminalistofpeoplewhohaveshapedsciencein2023?ChatGPTisnotaperson.Butactually,itandothergenerativeartificial-intelligence(AI)programsarechanginghowscientistswork.TheyhavealsorekindleddebatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo.That’swhythisyear’sNature’s10hasanon-humanaddition.Interestingly,Nature’slistalsoincludesoneofitscreators.IlyaSutskever,thechiefscientistandcofounderofOpenAI,theorganizationthatcreatedChatGPT,isoneofthemindsattheforefrontofgenerativeartificialintelligence.Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence’spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstousethem,andhewasamongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutNature’s10accordingtothepassage?A.Nature’s10iscelebratingthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology.B.OnlyhumanbeingswereelectedasNature’s10before.C.Nature’s10wasstartedin2023forthefirsttime.D.Itwasawardedbythelocalgovernmentyearly.2.Whatisthesecondparagraphabout?A.Experts’opinionsonChatGPT.B.HowChatGPTfunctions.C.TheapplicationofChatGPTinscienceresearch.D.ThepromotionofChatGPT.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrekindledinparagraph3mean?A.Settled. B.Restarted. C.Participated. D.Launched.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeIlyaSutskever’sattitudetowardsChatGPT?A.Confidentandcautious. B.Proudandconcerned.C.Objectiveanddoubtful. D.Enthusiasticandwarning.【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了《自然》雜志將ChatGPT選入“自然10強”并分析了原因。文章同時介紹ChatGPT的創造者之一伊利亞·蘇茨克維爾對ChatGPT的看法。1.細節理解題。根據第一段中“Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.(在公布的2023年名單中，該雜志首次納入了一個非人類實體——ChatGPT)”可知，在此之前，只有人類能被選為“自然10強”。故選B項。2.主旨大意題。根據第二段中“ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.(馬薩諸塞州波士頓的哈佛醫學院從事人工智能醫學研究的MarinkaZitnik說，ChatGPT和相關軟件可以幫助集思廣益，增強科學搜索引擎，并識別文獻中的研究空白。Zitnik補充說，以類似的方式對科學數據進行訓練的模型可以幫助建立指導研究的人工智能系統，也許可以通過設計新分子或模擬細胞行為來實現)”可知，本段主要討論了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改變科學家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指導研究和增強科學搜索引擎方面的潛在可能。由此可知，第二段介紹了ChatGPT在科學研究領域中的應用。故選C項。3.詞句猜測題。前綴re-表示“重新；再”；結合常識和劃線詞后“debatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo(關于人工智能的局限性、人類智能的本質以及如何最好地規范兩者之間的互動的辯論)”可知，關于人工智能的這些話題的辯論并不是新事物，以前就已經有過很多相關的辯論，由此推知，ChatGPT的出現只是重新引發了相關辯論。故劃線詞rekindled與restarted“重新開始”意思接近。故選B項。4.推理判斷題。