“人人文庫”水印下載源文件后可一鍵去除，請放心下載！（圖片大小可任意調(diào)節(jié)）2024年高等教育教育類自考-10057英語教學論筆試參考題庫含答案“人人文庫”水印下載源文件后可一鍵去除，請放心下載！第1卷一.參考題庫(共75題)1.Techniquesforgroupingitemsofvocabularyfallintothreegeneralcategories:semanticfields,phonologicalsetsandgrammaticalsets.Groupingitemsrelatedbytopics,forexample,typesoffruit,belongstothesemanticfields.（）2.Arealgoodlessonplanshouldbelongandcomplicatedwithdetailedlessonnotes.（）3.Languageisalogicalsystem.（）4.Whenweteachgrammaras（）,thelearnerisrequiredtoattendtogrammar,whileworkingontaskswhichretainanemphasisonlanguageuse.5.Thethreemajorcausesforerrorsare:mothertongueinterference,（）,andinappropriateteachingmaterialsormethods.6.Howdoyouunderstandthedifferencebetweenapproach,method,andtechnique?7.InordertokeepstudentsinterestedinlearningEnglishitisimportanttoincludeavarietyofactivitiesandtechniquesinthelesson.（）8.“KnowingEnglish”mustmeanknowinghowto（）inEnglish.9.Writingacommentaftereachlessonisausefulhabitforateachertogetinto.（）10.sociolinguistics11.AccordingtoKrashen,thereisonlyonewayforhumantoacquirelanguage.Whatisit?12.Linguisticsisthestudyoflanguageasasystemofhuman（）.13.Syllabusdeterminesteachingaims,objectives,contentsand（）.14.TherelationshipbetweenthespokenandwrittenwordisidenticalinEnglish.（）15.Minimalpairsarepairsofwordsthatdifferonlyinonesound.（）16.Anexercisewithheterogeneitygivesnoopportunityforthereallyadvancedstudentstoexercisetheircapacity.（）17.Atamacrolevel,societyandcommunityinfluenceclassroomteaching（）.18.ThemostcommonwordorderinEnglishis（）,withothersentenceconstituentsdrapedaroundthesekeypartsinvariousways.19.TheSilentWayisbasedonthepremisethatthestudentsshouldbesilentasmuchaspossibleintheclassroom.（）20.Thestagesofalessonoverlap.（）21.Asuggestopadiacourseisconductedinaclassroominwhichstudentsareascomfortableaspossible.（）22.Withregardtosyllabusdesign,theCommunicativeApproachemphasizestopics.（）23.Languageteachinginvolvesthreemaindisciplines.Theyarelinguistics,psychologyand（）.24.Whatistheroleofformallearningaccordingtothemonitorhypothesis?25.Accordingtothebehaviorists,alllearningtakesplacethrough（）.26.Untilthe16thcenturyLatinwastaughtthroughactiveuseofspeechandwrittentextwithoutgrammaranalysis.（）27.Usuallylowkeyisusedforemphasisandcontrast;midkeyindicatesanexpected,neutralattitude;andlowkeyprovideslowinformation.（）28.ItisacceptedbymostexpertsofforeignlanguageteachingthattheGrammar-TranslationMethodoriginatedfromthe16thcentury.（）29.Inpractice,CommunityLanguageLearningismostoftenusedintheteachingofwritingskillandthecourseprogressionistopicbased.（）30.What’sthedifferencebetweencasuallisteningandfocusedlistening?31.Animportantpartoftheskilloflisteningisbeingabletopredictwhatthespeakerisgoingtosaynext.（）32.Whatarethethreedifferentviewsongrammarteaching?33.WhatarethethreemainformsofwordbuildinginEnglish?34.WhatarethemaintechniquesusedinaGrammar-Translationclassroom?35.Verbalpresentationofnewwordsmeansthatthemeaningofasecondlanguagewordisdemonstratedthroughconcreteobjects,visualaids,orthroughmimeandacting.（）36.TheSilentWay,CommunityLanguageLearning,andSuggestopaediaalllayemphasisontheindividualandonpersonallearningstrategies.（）37.Inwhatsensedoesforeignlanguageteachingmethodologyhelpyouinyourprofessionaldevelopment?38.Theteachercanhelpthestudentstoreadatextbyreadingitaloudwhiletheyfollowintheirbooks.（）39.（）isoftendescribedasthemusicofspeech—thewaythevoicegoesupanddownaswespeak.40.TheTotalPhysicalResponsemethodemphasizescomprehensionandtheuseofphysicalactionstoteachaforeignlanguageatanintroductorylevel.（）41.Anormallessonshouldhavetheallthestagesdiscussedinthisunitandthestagesshouldbeinfixedorder.（）42.Thecomplexform-functionrelationshipisnotasimplified,aone-to-one（）.43.Whydowesayassessmenthasgreatbackwasheffectsonforeignlanguageteachingandlearning?44.Sociologyisthestudyoflanguageinrelationto（）,suchassocialclass,educationallevelandsoon.45.Thethreemainthingsthatalearnerhastoacquirewhenlearninganewstructurearetheform,meaningand（）ofthestructure.46.Whatarethefactorsthatcontributetosuccessfulpracticeofgrammar?47.HowshouldlanguagerulesbelearnedaccordingtotheDirectMethod?48.Grammarisadescriptionofthe（）ofalanguageandthewayinwhichlinguisticunitssuchaswordsandphrasesarecombinedtoproducesentencesinthelanguage.49.Onefunctionofalanguagecanonlybeexpressedbyonestructure.（）50.Authenticmaterialscanonlybeusedintheclassroomforbeginners.（）51.casuallistening52.Semantizationmeansthateverynewwordshouldbepresentedinsuchawaythatitsmeaningbecomescleartothelearner.（）53.（）isthestudyofsecondandforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.54.Whataresomeoftheadvantagesofusingacassetterecorder?55.Pitchisproducedbyfrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords.Thehigherthefrequency,thehigherthepitch.（）56.Mentalismholdsthatahumanbeingpossessesamindwhichhasconsciousness,ideas,etc.,andthemindcaninfluencethe（）ofthebody.57.Thegoalsforsecondaryeducationare（）fromthoseforhighereducation.58.（）referstovarietiesoflanguagedefinedbytheirtopicandcontextofuse.59.Whatisthemainideaoftheacquisition-learninghypothesis?60.Consonantsvarydependingonwhereandhowtheairstreamgetsthrough,theplaceandmovementofthetongue,andalsowhetherthevoiceisusedornot.（）61.Whyshouldweteachpronunciationandintonationincontext?62.Thereisalackofconsistencybetween（）andpronunciationinEnglish.63.Silentreadinginvolveslookingatthetextandsayingthewordssilentlytoyourself.（）64.Theaimofthepracticestageistocausethelearnerstoabsorbthestructurethoroughly.（）65.Feedbackreferstoanyinformationwhichprovidesareportontheresultofcommunicationwhichtakesplacenotonlybetweenthelistenerandthespeaker.（）66.Iftheaimofalessonis“Tolearnthenamesofcolours”thelessonmayfocusonaparticular（）.67.ConsciousknowledgeofrulesdoesnothelpacquisitionaccordingtoKrashen.（）68.Ofthetwotypesofsentencestress,sensestressshowscontrast,whilelogicalstressshowsmeaning.（）69.Therearenomajordifferencesbetweenhowonereadsinone’smothertongueandhowonereadsinaforeignlanguage.（）70.Ifthechosentopicforaconversationlessonistoogeneralitwillnotexcitethestudents,ifitistoospecificsomestudentswillbeinterested,andothersnot.（）71.Krashenbelievesthatadultsarebetterlanguagelearners,whilechildrenarebetterlanguageacquirers.（）72.MostcontributorstotheCommunicativeApproachsharetheviewthatlanguageisusedforcommunicationandaremoreconcernedwithmeaningthanwith（）.73.Apartfromamasteryofaforeignlanguage,whatotherknowledgeshouldaforeignlanguageteacherhaveinordertodohis/herjobwell?74.TheCommunicativeApproach75.（）arerepresentedbyphoneticsymbolsbecausethereisnoone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenwrittenlettersandspokensounds.第2卷一.參考題庫(共75題)1.Whatkindofquestionsshouldweaskourstudentswhenwewanttogivethemareasontoread?2.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheGrammar-TranslationMethodwasFacultyPsychology.TheFacultyPsychologistsbelievedthatthemindofhumanbeingshadvariousfacultieswhichcouldbetrainedseparately.（）3.Todaybothlanguageteachingexpertsandclassroomteachersagreethatthecommunicativeapproachisthebest.（）4.Studentsalmostalwaysenjoylisteningtostories.（）5.Ofthefourpossibletunemovements,highfallisusedforstatementsandwh-questions;highriseisusedforquestionsaskingforrepetitionofsomething;lowriseisforyes/noquestions,etc.andfallriseisforcorrectionsandpolitecontradictions.（）6.Whatisthefunctionoftheaffectivefilter?7.technique8.WhyisfirstlanguageforbiddeninaDirectMethodclassroom?9.WhatisthefocusofaGrammar-Translationclassroom?10.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSkinner’sbehaviorismandChomsky’smentalism?11.Doesitalwaysmatterifthe“realworld”isnotbeingpracticedintheclassroom?Whyorwhynot?12.Whatkindofwordstendtobestressed,andwhatkindofwordstendtobeunstressed?13.ForKrashen,theaffectivefilteristheprincipalsourceofindividualdifferenceinsecondlanguageacquisition.（）14.Theinteractionalist’spositionisthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplex（）betweentheuniquelyhumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.15.Iftheteacherusesthesametechniques,somestudentsmaynothavethechancetolearninthewaythatsuitsthembest.（）16.Plannedconversationsusuallydegenerateintosilenceorinvolveonlyasmallnumberofstudents.（）17.Whatarethetwofunctionsofintonation?18.Iftheteacherweretalkingtoomuchinclassthestudentswouldnotbelearning.（）19.Theattitudinalandemotionalfactorscanbeexpressedinanitemofvocabulary.Theseareoftenreferredtoas（）.20.ThemostobviouscharacteristicsoftheCommunicativeApproachisthatalmosteverythingthatisdoneisdonewithacommunicativeintent.（）21.Usuallyalessonshouldfocusonpracticingonesingleskillsothatthestudentscandevelopthatskillsuccessfully.（）22.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyofthementalprocessesthatapersonusesinproducingandunderstandinglanguage,andhowhumanslearn（）.23.Whenweusetheword（）wemeanthatanideaortheoryisbeingapplied:thatwhatevertheteacherdoes,certaintheoreticalprinciplesarealwaysborneinmind.24.ThetheoryoflanguageunderlyingtheGrammar-TranslationMethodwasderivedfromComparativeHistoricalLinguistics.（）25.Whataretheelementswithwhichamethodisconcerned?26.AccordingtoSkinner,languagebehaviorcanonlybestudiedthroughobservationofthe（）factors.27.Accordingtothefunctionalists,languagehasthreefunctions:（）,expressive,andsocial.28.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweendeductivelearningofgrammarandinductivelearningofgrammar?29.Whatkindofknowledgedoyouneedtohaveifyousayyouknowaword?30.methodology31.Whatarethetechniqueswhichyoucanusetoteachintonationinameaningfulway?32.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgrammar-translationmethod?33.Whatarethethreeviewsoflanguagethatsupportpopularforeignlanguageteaching?34.Anexercisewithheterogeneitycanalsohaveapositiveeffectonlearnerattitudeandmotivation.Itprovidesanopportunityfortheteachertogiveslowerorlessconfidentstudentstheapprovalandencouragementtheyneed.（）35.Languageiscapableofproducingnewformsandmeanings.（）36.Itisimportantfortheteachertoshowstudentshoweasyitistounderstandsomethingfromauthenticmaterialsratherthanhowdifficultitistounderstandeverything.（）37.Howcanwedescribethemainproficiencygoaloftheteachingandlearningofpronunciation?38.TheAudiolingualMethod39.Thewaysinwhichwordsfollowoneanotherandarerelatedtooneanotheriscalledthesyntagmaticdimensionoflanguage,thedimensionof“chaining”or“sequencing”.（）40.Inagrammar-translationmethodclassroom,readingandwritingarethemajorfocus;littleornosystematicattentionispaidtospeakingorlistening,becauseliterarylanguageisconsideredsuperiortospokenlanguageandisthereforethelanguagestudentsshouldstudy.（）41.Whattrickscanateacherteachhisstudentstousetomemorizevocabulary?42.Whenthereadersreadtogetthegeneralpicture,onlythemainpointsarewhattheyareinterestedin,notthedetail.（）43.Inthe“l(fā)anguageawareness”exercise,thestatement“Thebaby’scrying”informsaboutathirdperson’swhereabouts.（）44.（）,isthestudyofhowwordscombinetoformsentencesandtheruleswhichgoverntheformationofsentences.45.ItisenoughtointroducearangeofdifferentactivitiesintoalessontokeepthestudentsinterestedinlearningEnglish.（）46.Normallywhenwereadoureyesflickbackwardsandforwardsoverthetext.（）47.Whatarethepointsofconcernofmethodology?48.Thegoalofforeignlanguageteachingistoproduceover-usersofmonitor.（）49.Howdoyoudecidewhetherawordshouldenterthestudents’activeorpassivevocabulary?50.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthegrammaticalformsofalanguageandtheircommunicativefunctions?51.Theback-chainingtechniquemeansthestudentsrepeatasentenceaftertheteacher,startingfromtheendpartofthesentenceandmovingtowardsthebeginning.（）52.Ifweasktheclasstolistenandweaskthequestionsafterwards,wearehelpingthemimprovetheirlisteningskillindeed.（）53.The（）approachtolanguageistoseeitintermsofthebitsandpiecesbymeansofwhichitisputtogether.54.Inwhatsensecananunderstandingofthecontextofeducationcontributetolanguageteachingandlearning?55.Thevowelisproducedwithout(orwithlittle)restrictionduringitsproductionandisalwaysvoiced.（）56.Whatistheroleofenvironmentinlanguagelearningaccordingtothebehaviorists?Andthementalists?57.Lessonplansareusefulonlybeforethelesson.（）58.Themakingofforeignlanguageeducationpolicymusttakeintoconsiderationthe（）andeducationalsituationofthecountry.59.DoesKrashen’stheoryofsecondlanguageacquisitionbeginwiththeories,orwithdata?60.Tounderstandaword,youhavetoreadallthelettersinit;tounderstandasentenceyouhavetoreadallthewordsinit.（）61.Themostpowerfulsignalofstressisachangeofpitchonthevowel.（）62.Whatspecificaspectsdoescommunicativecompetenceinclude?63.Whatarethetwoobjectivesinpresentinganewstructuralitem?64.Chomskyreferstothechild’sinnateendowmentas（）,asetofprincipleswhicharecommontoalllanguages.65.Learningismoreeffectivewhenthelearnersareactivelyinvolvedinthelearningprocess.（）66.Thecardinalrulemeans（）.67.Ateachstageofthelesson,activitiesfocusonallfourskills.（）68.Whenthestudentslistentorecordedmaterialsthereisverylittleopportunityforimmediateinteraction.（）69.WhyislisteningimportantinlearningEnglish?70.Whatarethesixprinciplestorememberwhenpresentingnewvocabularyinclass?71.Allgoodlessonplansgiveaclearpictureofwhattheteacherintendstodointhelesson.（）72.WhatlanguageskillsareemphasizedbytheGrammar-translationMethod?73.Syllablesareshortwhentheyarestressed.（）74.Whydowesaythatreadingaloudisnotveryusefulforreadingatextinclass?75.Theemphasisoftheproductperspectiveongrammarisonthecomponentpartsofthelanguagesystem,dividedupintoseparateforms.Eachformisthe（）ofthegrammarian’sanalysis.第1卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案：正確2.參考答案：錯誤3.參考答案：錯誤4.參考答案：skill5.參考答案：overgeneralization6.參考答案： Whenweusethewordapproachwemeanthatanideaortheoryisbeingapplied:thatwhatevertheteacherdoes,certaintheoreticalprinciplesarealwaysborneinmind.Amethodisasetofproceduresoracollectionoftechniquesusedinasystematicwaywhichitishopedwillresultinefficientlearning.Whenwetalkaboutatechnique,wemeanaprocedureusedintheclassroom.Atechniquethenisthenarrowestterm,meaningonesingleprocedure.Amethodwillconsistofanumberoftechniques,probablyarrangedinaspecificorder.Thewordapproachismuchmoregeneralandhastheimplicationthatwhatevermethodortechniquestheteacheruses,hedoesnotfeelboundbythese,butonlybythetheoryinwhichhebelieves.Ifhecanfindnewandbettermethodsortechniqueswhichwillfitinwithhisapproach,thenhewilladoptthese. 7.參考答案：正確8.參考答案：communicate9.參考答案：正確10.參考答案：Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosocialfactors,thatis,socialclass,educationallevelandtypeofeducation,age,sex,ethicorigin,etc.11.參考答案： Byunderstandingmeaningfulmessagesorcomprehensibleinput;theformulaisi+1.12.參考答案：communication13.參考答案：methods14.參考答案：錯誤15.參考答案：正確16.參考答案：錯誤17.參考答案：indirectly18.參考答案：SVO19.參考答案：錯誤20.參考答案：正確21.參考答案：正確22.參考答案：錯誤23.參考答案：pedagogy24.參考答案： Themonitorhypothesisstatesthatformallearninghasonlyonefunction,andthatisasa“monitor”or“editor”andthatlearningcomesintoplayonlytomakechangesintheformofourutterance,afterithasbeenproducedbytheacquiredsystem.Acquisitioninitiatesthespeaker’sutterancesandisresponsibleforfluency.Thusthemonitoristhoughttoaltertheoutputoftheacquiredsystembeforeoraftertheutteranceisactuallywrittenorspoken,buttheutteranceisinitiatedentirelybytheacquiredsystem.25.參考答案：habitformation26.參考答案：正確27.參考答案：錯誤28.參考答案：錯誤29.參考答案：錯誤30.參考答案： Ifwelistenwithnoparticularpurposeinmind,andoftenwithoutmuchconcentration,thekindoflisteningiscalledcasuallistening.Usuallywedonotlistenveryclosely,unlesswehearsomethingthatparticularlyinterestsus,andafterwardswemaynotremembermuchofwhatweheard.Howeverifwelistenforaparticularpurpose,tofindinformationweneedtoknow,thekindoflisteningiscalledfocusedlistening.Inthesesituationswelistenmuchmoreclosely;butwedonotlistentoeverythingwehearwithequalconcentration—welistenforthemostimportantpointsorforparticularinformation.Usuallyweknowbeforehandwhatwearelisteningfor.31.參考答案：正確32.參考答案： Thefirstviewisthatteachinggrammarentailstheformalexplanationofgrammarrules.Whilelearnerswhoreceiveagreatdealofgrammaticalexplanationwillendupknowingquitealotaboutthelanguage,theywillnotnecessarilybeabletoputthelanguagetocommunicativeeffect.Thesecondviewisthatteachinggrammarisbasicallyamatterofprovidinglearnerswithpracticeinmasteringcommongrammaticalpatternsthroughaprocessofanalogyratherthanexplanation.Thelearnersmaybecomefluentinthestructurestheyhavebeentaught,butmaynotbeabletousethemappropriatelyingenuinecommunicationoutsidetheclassroom.ThethirdviewisthatteachinggrammarisamatterofgivingstudentstheopportunitytouseEnglishinavarietyofrealisticsituations.Thedisadvantageisthatlearnerswillnotbeabletoprovideexplanationsofthegrammaticalrulesofthetargetlanguage.33.參考答案： Affixation,compoundingandconversion.34.參考答案： AGrammar-Translationteacherusuallyusesthefollowingtechniquestohelprealizethecourseobjectives: 1)Reading, 2)Translation, 3)Deductiveteachingofgrammar, 4)Analysisandcomparison, 5)Memorization, 6)Readingcomprehensionquestions, 7)Writtenworksuchasfill-in-the-blanks,usingnewwordstomakeupsentences,andsoon.35.參考答案：錯誤36.參考答案：正確37.參考答案： Aforeignlanguageteacherhastonotonlymakehisstudentsunderstandthelanguage,namelythepronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,etc.,hemustalsodeveloptheircommunicativecompetencesothattheycanusethelanguagetheyhavelearnedcorrectly,appropriatelyandexpressivelyinrealsituations.Inordertodowellthiscomplicatedjob,theteacherneedstoknow,apartfromacomprehensiveknowledgeofthelanguageandtheabilitytouseit,asmanyteachingmethodsandtechniquesaspossible,andunderstandtheunderlyingtheoriesandprinciples,thereforehenotonlyknowswhattoteachandhowtodoit,butalsowhyheshoulddoitinacertainwayandhowtosolveproblemswhentheyarise.Inthiswayhewillhavefullconfidenceindoinghisjobwell. Foreignlanguageteachersunderstandthatknowingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatyoucanteachthelanguagewell.Teachingisanartaswellasascience.Ifyoudonotknowthetheories,principles,methodsortechniquesofteaching,youmightbeabletoteachaforeignlanguagebasedonyourexperience,butyoucannothopetoachievegoodresults,norcanyougiveyouroryourcolleagues’teachingarationalevaluationoracriticalappraisal.Therearesurelylimitationsinteachingbydrawingonlyonexperience,thoughexperienceisimportant.Thetheoryyoulearntfromthemethodologycoursecanguide,supportandconceptualizepractice.Newinsightsyougetbysharingideasofotherpeoplewillbringyougreatbenefit.Astheoldsayinggoes:“Travelbroadensthemind”.InthesamewaylearningForeignLanguageTeachingMethodologywillsurelybroadenthemindofteachers.38.參考答案：錯誤39.參考答案：Intonation40.參考答案：正確41.參考答案：錯誤42.參考答案：correspondence43.參考答案： Bothpositiveandnegativebackwasheffects.Assessmentcanprovideteacherswithfeedbackforlessonplanningandremedialwork.Studentscanalsogetinformationabouttheirlearningandprogress,thereforehaveasenseofachievement.Throughassessmenttheygettoknowtheirproblemsandareasforfurtherstudyandimprovement.However,inappropriateassessmentcancauseworries,discourageweakstudents,emphasisongradesinsteadofonabilitiesandcompetence,etc.44.參考答案：socialfactors45.參考答案：use46.參考答案： Thefollowingaresomeofthefactorsthatdefinitelycontributetosuccessfulpractice: 1)Pre-learning. 2)Volumeandrepetition. 3)Success-orientation. 4)Heterogeneity. 5)Teacherassistance. 6)Interest.47.參考答案： Languagerulesarelearnedinductivelythroughlisteningandspeakingactivities.Theteachersetsupafewcarefullychosenillustrationsofaruleandleadsthestudentstodiscovertherelationshipofthenewelementstootherspreviouslylearned.Studentsworkouttherulegoverningthoseexamples.Inotherwords,studentshavetoinducegrammaticalrulesfromexamplesinthetext.Alanguagecouldbestbelearnedbybeingusedactivelyintheclassroom.48.參考答案：structure49.參考答案：錯誤50.參考答案：錯誤51.參考答案： Whenwelistenwithnoparticularpurposeinmind,andwithoutmuchconcentration,thekindoflisteningiscalledcasuallistening.52.參考答案：正確53.參考答案：Appliedlinguistics54.參考答案： Someoftheadvantagesofusingacassetterecorderare: First,itgivesthestudentsthechancetolistentoavarietyofvoicesapartfromtheteacher’s,anditbringsnativespeakers’voicesintotheclassroom. Second,recordedmaterialisusefulforlisteningtodialogues,interviews,discussions,etc.wherethereismorethanonepersonspeakingatthesametime.Otherwisetheteacherhastoactthepartofmorethanoneperson. Third,itisveryusefulforintensivelistening,becausethecassettecanbestoppedandaphraseplayedoverandoveragain.Thiskindoflisteningiscalledintensivelistening.55.參考答案：正確56.參考答案：behavior57.參考答案：different58.參考答案：Register59.參考答案： KrashenmaintainedthatadultL2learnershaveattheirdisposaltwodistinctandindependentwaysofdevelopingcompetenceinasecondlanguage:acquisitionandlearning.Acquisitionisasubconsciousprocessidenticalinallimportantwaystotheprocesschildrenutilizeinacquiringtheirfirstlanguage,andlearningisaconsciousprocessthatresultsinknowledgeaboutlanguage.Acquisitioncomesaboutthroughmeaningfulinteractioninanaturalcommunicationsetting.Speakersarenotconcernedwithform,butwithmeaning;noristhereexplicitconcernwitherrordetectionandcorrection.Thiscontrastswiththelanguagelearningsituationinwhicherrordetectionandcorrectionarecentral,asistypicalthecaseinclassroomsettings,whereformalrulesandfeedbackprovidethebasisforlanguageinstruction. Nontheless,forKrashen,itisnotthesettingperse,butconsciousattentiontorulesthatdistinguisheslanguageacquisitionfromlanguagelearning.Inthenaturalsetting,anadultcanobtainformalinstructionbyaskinginformantsaboutgrammarandbyreceivingfeedbackfromfriends.Similarly,languagecanbeacquiredintheclassroomwhenthefocusinoncommunication---eg.throughdialogues,role-playing,andotherformsofmeaningfulinteraction.60.參考答案：正確61.參考答案： Itisthecontextthatdeterminesorgivesmeaningtothesounds,stress,words,andsentences.Humansoundshavesocialandcommunicativefunctions.Thesamewordssaidwithdifferentrhythmandintonationwillproducedifferentmeaningsdependingonthespeaker’sattitudeandintention.Practicingthepronunciationofindividualsoundsinisolationissometimesnecessary,butnotsufficientindevelopingstudents’phonologicalcompetence.62.參考答案：spelling63.參考答案：錯誤64.參考答案：正確65.參考答案：正確66.參考答案：topic67.參考答案：正確68.參考答案：錯誤69.參考答案：錯誤70.參考答案：正確71.參考答案：正確72.參考答案：structure73.參考答案： He/sheshouldhavesomeknowledgeabouttherelatedsubjectssuchaslinguistics,psychologyandpedagogy.Heshouldalsoknowthatalotofvariablesinfluenceclassroomteaching.Factorlikeforeignlanguageeducationpolicy,thegoalofforeignlanguageeducation,learners,teachers,syllabus,teachingmethod,teachingmaterialsteachingaids,andassessmentandevaluationallinfluenceclassroomteaching.Ifateacherdoesnotknowthemhewouldnotbeabletoteachaccordingtothecircumstancesandwouldachievethebestresultspossible.74.參考答案：TheCommunicativeApproachisanapproachtoforeignorsecondlanguageteachingwhichemphasizesthatthegoaloflanguagelearningiscommunicativecompetence.75.參考答案：Sounds第2卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案： Thequestionsshouldhaveagoodgeneralideaofwhatthetextisabout,shouldbeconcernedwiththegeneralmeaningorwiththemostimportantpointsofthetext,andnotfocusonminordetails,andshouldbefairlyeasytoanswerandnottoolong.2.參考答案：正確3.參考答案：錯誤4.參考答案：正確5.參考答案：正確6.參考答案： Accordingtotheaffectivefilterhypothesis,comprehensibleinputmaynotbeutilizedbysecondlanguageacquirersifthereisa“mentalblock”thatpreventsthemfromfullyprofitingfromit.Theaffectivefilteractsasabarriertoacquisition:ifthefilteris“down”,theinputreachestheLADandbecomesacquiredcompetence;ifthefilteris“up”,theinputisblockedanddoesnotreachtheLAD.Thus“inputistheprimarycausativevariableinSLA,affectivevariablesactingtoimpelorfacilitatethedeliveryofinputtotheLAD.”7.參考答案：Whenwetalkaboutatechnique,wemeanaprocedureusedintheclassroom.Techniquesarethetricksinclassroomteaching.8.參考答案： Thedirectmethodologistsviewforeignlanguagelearningassimilartofirstlanguageacquisition.Thelearnershouldtrytoestablishadirectassociationbetweenlanguageformsandmeaningsinthetargetlanguage.Mothertongueisconsidered