北師大unit11語法

TheSubjunctiveMood

虛擬語氣Learninggoals：1.toknowwhatthesubjunctivemoodrefersto2.tomasterthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.tousethesubjunctivemoodproperlyincontexts，especiallyinyourwriting.Lead-in:英語的三種語氣（mood）

陳述語氣（theIndicativeMood）

祈使語氣（theImperativeMood）

虛擬語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）概念理解：

虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式。用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種與事實相反或不可能實現的假設、愿望、建議、命令、要求等。可分為：SubjunctiveMood1.“If型”虛擬條件句2.“wish型”虛擬語氣3.“Should+V型”（表示建議、命令、要求）4.特殊句型中的虛擬語氣Part1.“If型”虛擬條件句Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow,we__________(cancel)thephysicalexerciseduringbreaks.(真實條件句)rainswillcancelIfit________(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeeting_________(put)off.（虛擬條件句）rainedwouldbeput時間if從句的謂語動詞形式主句的謂語動詞形式與現在事實相反did（be動詞用were）would/should/could/might+do與過去事實相反had+donewould/should/could/might+have+done與將來事實相反didwould/should/could/might+doshould+dowereto+do基本規則：時間倒退法1.IfI______(be)aboyagain,

I____________(study)hard.2.Ifyou__________(pay)moreattentioninclass,you__________________(pass)thefinalexameasilylastterm.3.Ifhe__________(know)aboutthetraffic,he_____________(take)adifferentroute.4.Ifyou__________________________(miss)thefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.5._______________________(我將不勝感激)ifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoaccount.隨堂小練1：werewouldstudyhadpaidwouldhavepassedhadknownwouldhavetakenmissed/weretomissed/shouldmissIwouldappreciateit注意事項：當條件句和主句所表示的動作發生的時間不一致時，就形成了錯綜時間虛擬條件句。此時，從句和主句根據各自謂語動作發生的時間采用相應的謂語動詞形式。Ifwe____________(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueuenow.1.錯綜時間虛擬條件句hadbooked2.含蓄條件句有時假設的條件不通過條件從句表達出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，常見的這類詞有或短語有：without(要是）沒有

、butfor要不是

、otherwise否則

、but

等

1.Withoutair,mancouldn’texistontheearth.

2.Butforyourhelp,we___________________(make)suchrapidprogress.

3.Iambusynow,otherwiseI___________(do)youthefavor!4.I___________(be)mostgladtohelpyou,butIambusynow.5.I__________________(come)tothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.couldn’thavemadewoulddowouldbewouldhavecome3.省略if的虛擬條件句當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had,were,should等時，可將if省略，把had,were,should移到主語前，構成倒裝句。

1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.→

_____________,Iwouldtryitagain.2.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.→_________comeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.3.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgoforapicnic.→_________raintomorrow,wewouldn’tgoforapicnic.續寫高級句型_____________________（如果媽媽沒有堅持）mylearningtodanceatayoungage,mylifewouldhavebeendifferent.

WereIyouHadyouShoulditHadn’tmominsistedon72%95%63%Part2.“wish型”虛擬語氣wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現的或實現可能性很小的愿望。

Wish+從句與現在事實相反:

一般過去時（were）與過去事實相反:

過去完成時(haddone)與將來事實相反:

would/could/might+V.(原)IwishI______（have)moretimetotravel.Iwishyou_________(tell)methetruthearlier.Iwishallmyclassmates___________(come)totheget-togethernextmonth.hadhadtoldwouldcomePart3.“should+V型”虛擬語氣表示“建議、命令、要求”等動詞后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用（should+）動詞原形。常見的動詞有：一堅持：insist二命令：order，command三建議：suggest，advise，propose（recommend）四要求：require，request，demand，urge1)Iinsistedthathe____________(go)withus.2)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe________(be)illandtheteachersuggestedthathe_____________(see)thedoctor.(should)gowas(should)seePart4.特殊句型中的虛擬語氣(1)“It

is(high/about))time+that從句

”句型中，從句謂語動詞用“動詞過去式”或“should+動詞原形(should不能省略)”，表示“早該做…；是…的時候了”。Itishightimethatwe

__________________(take)effective

measurestosolvetheproblem.took/shouldtake(2)“If

only...”,表示“要是…就好了”，相當于“HowIwish＋賓語從句”。

IfonlyI_________(know)hername.

Ifonlyshe___________(spend)

moretimepreparingforthecontest!hadspentknew(3)在“asif/though”引導的表語從句或方式狀語從句中，謂語部分常用虛擬語氣形式，表示與事實相反的情況。

Shelovesthechildrenasifthey_______(be)hers.

Iwasreallyangryabouthisbehavior,butheactedasifnothing

__________________(happen)knewhadhappened(4)wouldratherthatsbdid…意為“寧愿某人……”，表示現

在或將來的愿望

wouldratherthatsbhaddone…意為“寧愿某人……”，

表示過去的愿望。

I'dratheryou_________(come)nextSaturday..I’dratheryou_________________(return)thebookyesterday.camehadreturned1.Ifyou__________（come）tomorrow,you_________（find）thenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.2.Iftheparents______________(arrive)atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.3.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I______________(meet)youattheairport.4.______hedrivenmorecarefully,hewouldn’thavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.5.I______________(lend)yousomemoney,butIhadn’tgotanythen.6.IfonlyI______________(listen)tomyparents!7.TomsuggestedthatAnn_____________(sell)thehouse.8.Iwishthisbus_________(go)totheuniversity.9Idon’tthinkitistherighttimethatyou________