考點分類練(八)主旨大意題——標題歸納類A(2022·全國乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehightensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandontimeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeacopilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.2.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysB(2021·山東煙臺一模)Manyteachersbelievefrequentquizzes(小測驗)helpstudentsbettergraspclassroommaterial.Crede,anassociateprofessorofpsychology,wasskepticalthatsomethingassimpleasaquizcouldpositivelyaffectstudents’academicperformance.Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.Whathediscoveredtrulysurprisedhim.Credeanalyseddatafrompreviouslypublishedstudiesthatexamined52classeswithalmost8,000students,todetermineiffrequentquizzesimprovedthestudents’academicperformance.LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamsparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.Theothersurprisingthingwashowmuchquizzeshelpedreducefailureratesinclasses.Thechancesofpassingaclasswentthroughtheroofwhereinstructorsusedthis.Inadditiontoquizfrequency,anotherfactorthatseemedtopositivelyaffectstudents’performancewasimmediatefeedbackfrominstructors.Also,quizzesthatrequiredstudentstoanswerwithwrittenresponsesprovedmorebeneficialtotheirunderstandingofclassroommaterialparedtomultiplechoicequestions.Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.Instead,itisremendedthatinstructorsgiveonlinequizzesthatcanbeautomaticallygradedbyacoursemanagementsystem.Quizattributes(屬性)provedinsignificantinthestudy,includingwhetherthetestswerepopquizzesorplanned,oriftheywereonlineoronpaper.5.WhatdidCrededotoensurehisstudy’saccuracy?A.Hefocusedonwhathappenedinclassrooms.B.Heresearchedasmanystudentsashecould.C.Hemadelaboratorysettingsasrealaspossible.D.Hegaveeasyquizzestomakeeverystudentdowell.6.WhatdidCredediscoverinhisstudy?A.Frequentquizzescouldremovestudents’failureinclasses.B.Instructors’feedbackwasmoreimportantthanfrequentquizzes.C.Frequentquizzeswereespeciallyusefultothestrugglingstudents.D.Multiplechoicequestionsshouldn’tbeincludedinfrequentquizzes.7.Whatmaybeadisadvantageoffrequentquizzesforteachers?A.AccessingtheInternetlessfrequently.B.Havingtoomanyexampaperstomark.C.Beingunabletogetappropriatetestmaterial.D.Findingithardtochoosetherighttype.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.QuizzesStimulateaPassionforCreationB.QuizzesImproveAcademicPerformanceC.QuizzesCreateaHeavyBurdenD.QuizzesIncreaseBoredomC(2021·安徽安慶高三二模)Beingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefish(海葵魚)forexample.Despitetheirsmallersize,themaleshelpthefemalesdefendthenest,butonlythemalestakecareofit.Theyusetheirfinsasfanstoprovideaconstantflowofoxygenandkeepthesurroundingsclean.Theyalsoputalotofeffortintothenest.Theeggstakeaboutfivedaystohatch.Duringthisimportantperiod,themalesfanthemtoprovideoxygenandremovetherubbish.Theyalsopickuptheeggsintheirmouthsandmovethemaroundtoremoveanybacteria.Oneofthebiggestthreatsesfromfemalesticklebacks(刺魚),whoformorganisedgroupsandattacktheneststoeatalltheeggs.Themalesdefendthenewbornfishandbringbacktheoneswhomovetoofarfromthenest.Oncethefishgrowup,theybeealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.Doting(寵愛的)fathersarenotrestrictedtotheworldoffish.Insomefrogspecies,thedadsalsowarnthemumswhentheyoungonesarehungryandneedtobefed.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends. D.Colleagues.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthemaleanemonefish?A.Theytakefullresponsibilityforbuildingthenest.B.Theyaremuchlargerthanthefemaleanemonefish.C.Theyareactuallyextremelyexcellentfathers.D.Theyfrequentlymakeattacksonotheranimals.11.Whatdoesitmeanwhenthedadcan’ttrackitsyoungfish?A.Thedadcan’ttendtotheyoungfish.B.Theyoungfisharealreadyindependent.C.Thelivingenvironmentisworse.D.Thedadisinastateofaging.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheModelFatherintheAnimalKingdomB.TheNewRoleoftheMaleAnemoneFishC.TheReallyCaringCaregiversinLifeD.AStrangePhenomenoninNature考點分類練(八)主旨大意題——標題歸納類【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無人機的各種優(yōu)勢、對鐵路系統(tǒng)做出的諸多貢獻以及未來的應(yīng)用方向。1.A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,無人機目前正在被用來檢查高壓電線,這使得它將被應(yīng)用于鐵路系統(tǒng)成為可能。故選A項。2.C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可以推斷出,畫線單詞指的就是“維修,維護”。故選C項。3.A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,人們期盼鐵路無人機在未來能夠提供預先警報,確保列車能及時應(yīng)對問題,從而提高安全系數(shù)。故選A項。4.D解析標題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了無人機目前的應(yīng)用范圍以及未來在鐵路方面的應(yīng)用方向,因此“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來”最能概括文章內(nèi)容。故選D項。【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章提到一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)常進行小測驗會對學生的成績有積極的影響。5.A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.”可知,為確保研究的準確性,Crede排除了實驗室環(huán)境下的研究資料,而關(guān)注學生在課堂上的表現(xiàn)。故選A項。6.C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugg