第1頁/共1頁2024北京西城高二（上）期末英語2024.1本試卷共14頁，共140分。考試時長120分鐘。考生務必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.聽力理解（共三節，22.5分）第一節:(共4小題;每小題1.5分,共6分)聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablybuyintheend?A.Juice. B.Water. C.Coke.2.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Enjoyaconcert. B.Seeafilm. C.Workonaproject.3.HowdidSamgotoschooltoday?A.Bybike. B.Onfoot. C.Bybus.4.Wholikescomedy?A.Theman. B.Theman’smother. C.Theman’sfather.第二節：（共6小題；每小題1.5分，共9分）聽下面三段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。5.Whydidthewomangotothelibrary?A.Tomeettheman. B.Tocheckthetextbook. C.Topreparefortheexam.6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates. B.Workmates. C.Neighbors.聽第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。7.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?A.Excited. B.Disappointed. C.Surprised.8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaceremony. B.Doinganinterview. C.Askingforadvice.聽第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。9.Whatcanyoulearnaboutthetour?A.Itwilllastfourdays.B.Nomealswillbeprovided.C.Studentswillmeetsomeartists.10.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthistalk?A.Topersuadestudentstojoinatour.B.Toinvitestudentstobetourguides.C.Toinformstudentsofatourarrangement.第三節：（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面一段獨白，根據題目要求在相應的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。HowtoHaveaSenseofHumor11yourself■Havealight-heartedattitudeaboutyourself■Learnto12atyourself.Giveothersa13■Beforgivingandfocusonpositives■Trynottotakeotherstoo14Watchandlearn■Observeotherpeople■Watch15withvariedhumorⅡ.完形填空（共15小題；每小題1.5分，共22.5分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ItwasaSundayafternooninMay.PaulBlachutwasbusyworkingatarestaurantinscenicAugsburg,Germany.Manytouristscameforfoodattheprettyplacebesidetheriver,wherethemeltwaterwascoldatthistimeofyear.Amotherandherdaughterwere16thecoolingwaterbytheriverbank.Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappilywhen17thegirllostherfootingandwascaughtintheriver’scurrent.Ithappenedsofastthatthegirldesperatelygrabbed(抓)ontothetube,whichhermotherwassittingin,throwingherintotheriver,too.Blachutbeardthesuddenshout,“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”Thenhehurriedtothe18,wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycouldHewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.Blachut’smind19,“HowcanIhelpthem?”20havingnolifesavingtraining,herusheddowntotheriverbank.Quicklyhe21hisTshirtandjumpedintotheriver.Hedidn’tcareaboutthecold;allhecouldthinkaboutwassavingthewomen.Itwasobvioustheywere22.AsBlachutgotclosertothem,hecould23thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble.shewasdrowning.He24afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback.Blachuttriedthis,butthewoman’sclothingmadeherso25;hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too.Heneededanew26.Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman,27herupwardandusingthatmomentum(水勢)totakehertowardtheshoreAtthattime,anonlookerwasableto28thewoman’shand,pullingherashore.ThenBlachutjumpedintotheriveragain.Heswamdownstream,gotholdofthedaughter,andwasabletogetheroutinthesameway,too.Severalonlookersexpressedtheir29forBlachutfollowingtheincidentHowever,Blachutwas30abouthisrole,“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise.”16.A.enjoying B.buying C.drinking D.pouring17.A.slowly B.naturally C.fortunately D.suddenly18.A.pool B.restaurant C.shore D.tube19.A.stopped B.raced C.wandered D.worked20.A.Without B.Despite C.Besides D.For21.A.putaway B.triedon C.tookoff D.hungup22.A.helpless B.dangerous C.calm D.busy23.A.share B.express C.respond D.tell24.A.mentioned B.recalled C.rent D.shot25.A.pretty B.soft C.heavy D.strong26.A.schedule B.task C.message D.plan27.A.pushing B.flying C.rolling D.pulling28.A.wave B.clap C.grasp D.shake29.A.surprise B.admiration C.happiness D.hope30.A.curious B.careful C.passionate D.modestⅢ.閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ARegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchcompetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.Startedin1942,RegeneronSTSrecognizesandempowersmostpromisingyoungscientists.Eachyear,nearly2,000studentsenterRegeneronSTS.Thecompetitionawards300studentscholarsandtheirschoolsannuallyandinvites40studentfinaliststoWashington,D.C.toparticipateinfinaljudging.RegeneronSTSprovidesanimportantplatformfortheiroriginalresearchwhichisexaminedandreviewedbyprofessionalscientists.Whataretherequirements?●Applicantsmustbeover13yearsofageandhavelegalparentalpermissiontosubmit(提交)theapplicationandparticipate,orbe18yearsofageorolder;●ApplicantsmustcompleteindividualresearchprojectstoenterRegeneronSTS.Researchconductedaspartofapre-collegiatestudentteamprojectisnotqualifiedforRegeneronSTS;●Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem,andmustnothaveenteredanypreviousRegeneronSTS.Whatarethecorecomponentsofanapplication?●Essays,shortanswerresponses,activitiesandbasicinformation;●ScientificResearchReport(maximum20researchpaperaboutoneoftheapplicant’soriginalresearchprojects);●Recommendationssubmittedbyadults;●TestScores(optional).Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?●PARTICIPATIONAWARDS:AllcompetitorswillreceiveaT-shirt,laptopstickers,andafreeone-yearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsmagazine.●SCHOLARAWARDS:Eachofthe300scholarswillreceivea$2,000award.●SCHOOLAWARDS:Theschoolsofeachscholarwillreceive$2,000perscholar.Theawardisintendedtocontributetoexcellenceinscience,mathand/orengineeringeducationattheschool.●FINALISTAWARDS:Judgesselect40finalistsfromamongthescholars.Inadditiontoanall-expense-paidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.31.FromParagraph1,weknowthatRegeneronSTS______.A.wasstartedbeforethe1940s B.recognizes40scholarseveryyearC.isaplatformforprofessionalscientists D.isanationwidescienceresearchcompetition32.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto______.A.beover18yearsold B.submitapplicationsonlineC.haveenteredRegeneronSTSbefore D.havecompletedtheresearchforateamproject33.Whowillwinaminimumawardof$25,000?A.Eachfinalist. B.Eachparticipant.C.Eachscholar. D.Eachofthescholars’school.BWhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.Isawitasaboringandrepetitivetask.ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.So,Idecidedtoapplyforfield-basedsummerpositionsaftergraduation.AfterlandingajobassessingthesagegrousehabitatinUtah,IfoundmyselfinthecompanyofSherel,a75-year-oldbotanistandtheleaderofourfieldcrew.Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.Igentlytouchedtheplantwithyellowflowersbymyfeet,“Thisonehere?Howcanyoutellit’saMahonia?”Hepausedbrieflytoadmiretheplantandthenbeganhisenergeticdescriptionoftheplant’stypicalfeatures.Thatevening,whilewewerewatchingthesunsettogether,Itextedmychildhoodfriend.“Day1wasactuallykindoffun,”Istarted,“butwe’llseehowlongittakesbeforeIgetboredfromjustidentifyingplantsinthefieldallday.”Butastheweeksoffieldworkrolledby,theboredomIhadexpectedneverarrived.Icamehomefromthefieldeachnightwithsorelegsandasunburnedneck,excitedbytheday’sfinds.BypickingSherel’sbrainaboutdifferentspeciesofan?malsandplants,Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.Whenthesummerwasover,Ifoundmyselfinanotherfieldjob,thistimesurveyingforestinMichigan’sUpperPeninsula.I’mnowathird-yearPh.D.studentinecology.Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.34.WhydidtheauthorjointhefieldworkinUtah?A.Tofindoutoveralltrendsindata. B.Toassessthesagegrousehabitat.C.Toimprovehisapplicationletter. D.Torealizehismother’sdream.35.OnthefirstdayofthefieldworkinUtah,theauthor______.A.arguedwithSherel B.complainedtohisfriendC.becamealeaderofhisgroup D.discoveredaMahoniarepens36.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffieldworknow?A.Easybutinteresting. B.Boringbutfruitful.C.Tiringbutmeaningful. D.Repetitivebutdemanding.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldexplorefunindailytasks. B.Weshouldbeopentonewexperiences.C.Weshouldrespectthepeoplearoundus. D.Weshouldbedeterminedaboutourgoals.CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachine-learningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheart-ratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheart-ratedatainit,”saysMaraNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachine-learningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboard-typingactivity,mousemovementsandheart-ratedata.Theyalso?studiedthedataofacombinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesingle-modality(形態)models,theheart-ratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreal-lifescenarios(情況),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilecompletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughacomputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastress-detectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaself-helptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andcompanieswouldneedtocommittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewell-beingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.38.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heart-ratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.B.Mouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.39WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astress-detectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.41.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Tocomparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastress-detectionsystem.DFrozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物學)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假設)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科學界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelong-termecologicalimpactofthecurrenthuman-producedbiodiversitycrisis,theso-calledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.42.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeacomparison43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Acomprehensiveview.44.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.45.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.選詞填空（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）用方框中單詞的適當形式完成下列句子，每個單詞只能用一次。devoteappointendangereffectiveinjurefaithcomplain46.Shemadea(n)______forhersontoseethedoctor.47.Inthecarcrash,thetwopassengersescapedsevere______.48.Ineedtokeepmytranslation______totheoriginaltext49.Wemustprotectthe______animalsbeforetheybecomeextinct50.Theabilitytocommunicate______withpeopleisrequiredforeveryapplicant51.QianXuesen’s______tohiscareerhasinspiredmanyyoungpeopletocontributetoourcountry.52.Wereceivedanumberoffromcustomersaboutthelackofparkingfacilities.Ⅱ.語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）在未給提示詞的空白處填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。53.Myhobbyis______(collect)stampsfromdifferentcountries54.I______(write)thebookallyearandamhopingtofinishitsoon55.—CanIuseyourcomputerthisafternoon?—Sorry,I______(take)anonlineclassatthattime56.Anaccidentoccurredthismorning______(lucky),nodamagewasdone57.Bythetimehewastwelveyearsold,he______(finish)seniorhighschool58.______(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteacheraskedustoreviewournotes59.Themanager,______secretaryaskedforasickleave,hadtodoallthetypinghimself.60.Mycameradidn’twork,soItookittotherepairshoptogetit______(check)61.Climbing,______enteredtheOlympicsthreeyearsagoinTokyo,willalsobeoneoftheeventsinthe2024ParisOlympics.62.Theycarriedthepicturesupstairstotheartroom,______thebrushesandpaintwerestored.Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小題；第63、64題每題2分，第65、66、67題每題3分，共13分）根據括號中所給提示完成下列句子。63.以前他們經常一起去爬山。(usedto)_______________________________________________________________________________________________64.我們要贈送100本書給那所鄉村學校。(giveaway)_______________________________________________________________________________________________65.他的寫作風格對年輕的作者產生了極大的影響。(haveaninfluenceon)_______________________________________________________________________________________________66.專家們預測，很多種語言可能會于下個世紀消失。(dieout)_______________________________________________________________________________________________67.我們必須做好準備以適應不斷變化的世界。(adaptto)_______________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.閱讀表達（共4小題；每小題2分，共8分）閱讀下面的短文和問題，根據短文內容，在相應題號后的橫線上寫下相關信息，完成對該問題的回答。答語要意思清楚，結構正確，書寫工整。AllePierceknowshowtoplanaholiday.Afewmonthsaheadoftime,sheconstructsaspreadsheetofwhatshewantstodoandsee.Sheexaminesthemenusofrestaurantssheisplanningtovisit.Sheusesapictureofthedestinationasherphone’slockedscreenimageanddownloadsacountdownapp.“What’ssoexcitingaboutatripistheanticipationbeforeit,”saysPierce,founderofaluxurytravelcompany.Expertssaysheisright.Recentstudiessuggestthathopingforsomethingboostsyourmoodandlowersyourstress.“Imagininggoodthingsaheadofuscanincreasemotivation,optimismandpatience,”saysSimonRego,apsychologistfromNewYork.Ofcoursewecan’tjustbookaflighteverytimeweneedalittlecheeringuporfeellow.Buttherearewaystoincorporatethepowerofanticipationintoyoureverydaylife.Getexcitedaboutlittlethings.Writedownonethingyou’reexcitedfortomorrow.Maybeit’sanewbook,orapackageyou’reexpecting.Thecollectionoftheseminithrillsmeansyouwillstillgainthebenefitsoflookingforwardtosomething.Plus,withthenearerstuff,there’smoreofasensethatit’sgoingtohappenforsure.Rememberthatanxietyandanticipationcancoexist.“Thedarksideofpositiveanticipationisanticipatoryanxiety.Anxietyandexcitementaresisteremotions,”saysChristianWaugh,apsychologyprofessorfromNorthCarolina.Butitisharmfulonlywhenyoujustfocusontheanxietypartandignoretheexcitementpart.Thekeyisacknowledgingthehappy,positiveaspectofwhatyouaredoing,alongwiththenervousfeelings.Whenyouconsideranxiousthingsasexciting,itactuallymakesyoufeelbetteraboutthem.Connectwithyourfutureself.Researchhasshownfeelingasifyouareonapathtoyourfutureselfcanhaveapositiveeffectonyourwell-beingbygettingyououtofshort-termthinking.Thinkingaheadmayhelpyouprioritizeyourgoalandmovetowardit.Asyoustartseeingprogress,youwilllookforwardtodoingthethingsthatgetyouclosertoyourfutureself.Inshort,toenjoylifemore,embraceanticipation.It’sworthwaitingfor.68.WhatmakesatripexcitingaccordingtoAllePierce?_______________________________________________________________________________________________69.Howdoeshopingforsomethingbenefitus?_______________________________________________________________________________________________70.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Accordingtotheresearch,connectingwithyourfutureselfcanhaveanegativeeffectonyourwell-being._______________________________________________________________________________________________71.Pleasegiveanexampletoshowhowyoucanincorporatethepowerofanticipationintoyourdailylife.(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ.書面表達(20分)假設你是紅星中學高二（1）班班長李華。你打算邀請外教Jim為你們班做一次關于英語聽說的講座。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內容包括：1.建議講座的具體內容及其原因；2.講座時間和其他相關事項。注意：1.詞數不少于80；2.開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。DearJim,___