第05講新課學習必修第二冊Unit4（課文學習&知識講解）目錄新課學習：學習新課文重點解析：考點快速記憶小試牛刀：詞句精練+能力提升&真題演練課文學習WHAT’SINANAME?TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedby①whatthesedifferentnamesmean【1】．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany②？Gettingtoknowalittlebit③aboutBritishhistory【2】willhelpyousolvethispuzzle④.【1】what引導的從句作介詞by的賓語，what在從句中作mean的賓語。【2】Gettingtoknow...是動名詞短語作主語。Inthe16thcentury，thenearby⑤countryofWales⑥wasjoinedto⑦theKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotland⑧wasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasadded⑨tocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfrom⑩theUK，whichresultedin?thefullnamewehavetoday【3】：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland?.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortened?name：“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”．PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoas?BritainorGreatBritain【4】．【3】which引導非限制性定語從句，which指代整個主句的內容。其中wehavetoday是省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句，修飾thefullname。【4】whichmeans...是which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾主句。Thefourcountriesthatbelongto?theUnitedKingdom【5】worktogetherinsomeareas?.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack【6】，aswellas?sharethesamecurrency?andmilitary?defence?.However，theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexampleeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))，England，Wales，Scotland，andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegaleq\o(○,\s\up7(22))systems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions，liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforpetitionsliketheWorldCup!【5】thatbelongto...是that引導的定語從句，修飾thefourcountries，that在從句中作主語。【6】過去分詞短語knownastheUnionJack作后置定語，修飾thesameflag。TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore【7】，whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions【8】．AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK【9】，youwillbesurroundedeq\o(○,\s\up7(23))byevidenceeq\o(○,\s\up7(24))offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookovereq\o(○,\s\up7(25))atdifferenttimesthroughouteq\o(○,\s\up7(26))history【10】．Thefirstgroup，theRomanseq\o(○,\s\up7(27))，cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementseq\o(○,\s\up7(28))includedeq\o(○,\s\up7(29))buildingtownsandroads.Next，theAnglo－Saxonseq\o(○,\s\up7(30))arrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses【11】．TheVikingseq\o(○,\s\up7(31))cameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindeq\o(○,\s\up7(32))lotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationseq\o(○,\s\up7(33))acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormanseq\o(○,\s\up7(34)).Theyconqueredeq\o(○,\s\up7(35))Englandafterthewell－knownBattleofHastingseq\o(○,\s\up7(36))inthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland【12】，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintoeq\o(○,\s\up7(37))theEnglishlanguage.【7】不定式toexplore作定語，修飾history。【8】whichcanhelpyou...是which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾history，which在從句中作主語。【9】．..everywhereyougointheUK是狀語從句，everywhere“處處，到處”，引導狀語從句。【10】whotookover...是who引導的定語從句，修飾fourdifferentgroupsofpeople，who在從句中作主語。【11】peoplebuilthouses是省略了關系代詞that或inwhich的定語從句，修飾theway，that或inwhich在從句中作方式狀語。【12】hadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland是havesthdone結構，表示“讓某事被做”。ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable【13】．ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientporteq\o(○,\s\up7(38))citythathasahistorydatingallthewayeq\o(○,\s\up7(39))backtoeq\o(○,\s\up7(40))Romantimes【14】．Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUKeq\o(○,\s\up7(41)).TheUKisafascinatingeq\o(○,\s\up7(42))mixofhistoryandmodernculture，withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopeneq\o(○,\s\up7(43))，youwillbesurprisedtofindeq\o(○,\s\up7(44))thatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.【13】Studyingthehistoryofthecountry為動名詞短語作主語；makeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable為“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語(形容詞)”結構。【14】句中as引導原因狀語從句；thathasahistory...為that引導的定語從句修飾anancientportcity；datingallthewaybackto...為現在分詞短語作后置定語修飾ahistory。similaradj.相像的;相仿的;類似的similarlyadv.相似地;同樣;也similarityn.相像性;相似性;類似性besimilarinsth在……方面相似besimilartosb/sth與……相似;跟……相仿confusevt.使糊涂;使困惑confusedadj.迷惑的;困惑的;難懂的confusingadj.令人困惑的;難以理解的confusionn.困惑;混淆;不確定confuse...and/with...將……和……混淆 inconfusion困惑地puzzlen.謎;智力游戲;疑問vt.迷惑;(使)困惑puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑的;困惑的puzzleabout/over...苦苦思索;仔細琢磨bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離;背叛;逃脫breakin破門而入;打斷breakinto闖入;突然開始(笑、唱等)breakout(戰爭)爆發;(火災)發生breakup拆開;結束;解散breakdown出故障;失敗;垮掉;(使)分解breakthrough突破resultinsth/doingsth造成;導致resultfromsth起因于;由于asaresult因此;所以asaresultofsth/doingsth因為/由于……defence.n.[U]防御，保衛[C]辯解；辯護indefenceof...為了保護……；為……辯解/辯護etosb’sdefence為某人辯護defendv.防御，保衛；（為……）辯護vt.辯解defensiveadj.防御的，保護的，保衛的；戒備的defendagainst防御defendoneself自衛；自我辯護；defendsb.against/from...保護某人免受……；針對……為某人辯護surroundvt.圍繞;包圍 surroundingsn.[pl.]環境surroundsb/sthwithsb/sth……包圍……besurroundedby...被……包圍achievementn.[C]成就，成績，功績[U]達到，完成；achievevt.asenseofachievement一種成就感makeanachievement/achievements取得成就leavesb/sthbehind留下;忘了帶;把……拋在后面leavesthaside擱置一邊;不予考慮leave(sth)off中斷;不把……列入;不包括leavesthout刪掉;漏掉leavefor...動身去…locationn.地方;位置;地點locatevi.找出……的準確地點;確定……的準確地點locatedadj.位于;坐落在 belocatedat/in/on...位于……chargen.收費用;指控;主管vt.收費;控告;充電incharge(of)負責;主管 inthechargeofsb由某人負責takechargeof負責;主管 freeofcharge免費charge...for...索價;要價 chargesbwith(doing)sth指控某人(做)某事approachto接近;近似,約等于;(做某事)的方法(途徑)attheapproachof...在……接近的時候makeapproachestosb設法接近某人theapproachto(doing)sth……的方法eageradj.熱切的;渴望的eagerlyadv.急切地;渴望地eagernessn.渴望，熱心，熱切beeagerforsth渴望得到某物beeagertodo渴望做某事詞句精練一．單詞變形練習1.Menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodin_(defend)oftheirownhomes.

2.(surround)byrowsoftrees,ourlibrarystandsoutfromalltheotherbuildings.

3.Inordertoprovethatheisinnocent,somenew(evident)isneeded.

4.ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthosegreat(achieve)madebyher.

5.(locate)wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.

6.Inthatcountry,childrenundersixteenarenot(legal)allowedtobuycigarettes.

7.ThroughthewindowIcaughtthe__________(sensory)offlowersmixedwiththesmellofgrass.8.Thecityis________(dot)withsmalllakes,naturalandartificial.9.We'vecollected$50,000forthepoor,thankstothe____________(generous)ofthepublic.10.It__________(announce)thattheywillbemarriednextmonth.11.Beforeuse,yournewsmartphonemustbefully________(charge).12.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent(approach)tothestudyofmathematics.13.Agreatnumberofimmediatemeasureshavebeentaken(ensure)people’slivesandsafety.14.Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliar___________(surround)withstrangepeople.

15.Ihaveneverexpectedthatmyhometownhassucha_________(fascinate)look,seenfromthesky.

16.Shelooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.

17.Thebike(belong)toMikewasstolenlastnight.18.“CanIhaveatry?”thegirlasked___(eager).1.defence2.Surrounded3.evidence4.achievements5.Located6.legally7.scent8.dotted9.generosity10.isannounced11.charged12.approaches13.toensure14.surroundings15.fascinating16.puzzled17.belonging18.eagerly二．短語填空1.Withmorewater____________(添加)theliquid,morechangesoccurred.2.Thefashionofstarsusually_____________________________________(對…有影響)youngpeople.3.HongKongandMacao________________(被連接起來)ZhuhaibytheHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge.4.Usually,anegg,aswellasasliceofbreadandaglassofmilk_____________(構成)herbreakfast.5.Myfatheralwaystellsmenevertotouchthings______________(屬于)otherswithoutpermission.6.Youmayfindthetopofthemountain__________________(被…包圍)whiteclouds.7.Youmust____________________________(留心，留意)ifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomworthwhile!8.He_______________________(脫離)ourpanylastyear.SincethenIhaveseenhimnomore.9.He____________(接管)hisfather'sfactoryafterhegraduated.10.He__________________________(被稱為)theprotectorofthekidsinthemunityinthepast.1.addedto2.hasaninfluence/effect/impacton3.arejoinedto4.makesup5.belongingto6.surroundedwith7.keepyoureyesopen8.brokeawayfrom9.tookover10.wasreferredtoas能力提升一．語法填空Withherfirstaidcourse1.__________(plete),Marthaheadedforherhome.Suddenly,sheheardacrashandsawamotorcyclist2.__________(throw)intotheair.Shecouldalsofindapedestrian(行人)3.___________(knock)down.Asother4.________(shock)passersbystoodwheretheywere,Marthaimmediatelysteppedforwardandhelped.Themotorcyclistgothisheadandarmsbadly5._______(hurt)andhewasmakingnoises.Sosheshoutedathim,“Canyoubreathe?”Whilehewasgivenemergencytreatment,the6.__________(confuse)motorcyclistactuallytriedtowalkawaybutMarthastoppedhim.Oncethemotorcyclistwasfortable,Marthawentover7.__________(check)ontheinjuredpedestrianandhadherblouse8._________(press)onhisbleedingarm.Beforelong,officialmedicalhelparrived.Lookingback9.________theincident,Marthasaid,“LittledidIknowI’dputwhatIlearntinclassintopracticeonmywayhome.Itjustshowsthateventhemostbasictrainingcanmake10._____difference.”pleted2.thrown3.knocked4.shocked5.hurt6.confused7.tocheck8.pressed9.at10.a二．真題演練2023年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(全國乙卷)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____41____royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully____42____(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____43____welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural____44____(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,____45____somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodbination.____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___48___(record)everythingIdiscovered.The____49____(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____50_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【答案】41.to42.built43.which##that44.wonders45.but46.Havingvisited47.wasamazed48.recording49.remarkable50.means【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北京這座城市的古老建筑和現代化發展之間的獨特結合，同時探討了城市如何在不斷發展的同時保護其豐富的遺產。作者作為一名攝影師，記錄了這座城市的變化，并表示將來還會繼續拍攝北京的風貌。41考查介詞。句意：從佛教寺廟到博物館，從狹窄的胡同到皇家宮殿，它擁有3000多年的輝煌歷史，甚至從它的布局來看，這座城市一直保持著精心建造的環城道路系統。根據上文的“FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums”可知，空處和上文保持一致，表示“從……到……”，用介詞to。故填to。42考查非謂語動詞。句意：從佛教寺廟到博物館，狹窄的胡同和皇家宮殿，它是3000多年輝煌歷史的家園，即使是在它的布局上，這座城市也保持著精心建造的環城公路系統。這里為非謂語動詞擔當定語，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修飾詞“systemofringroads”之間為被動關系，用過去分詞。故填built。43考查定語從句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一個歡迎現代生活快節奏發展的地方，21世紀的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。這里為定語從句的關系代詞，先行詞為“aplace”，在定語從句中擔當主語，所以用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which/that。44考查名詞。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一個歡迎現代生活快節奏發展的地方，21世紀的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空處為名詞形式；根據下文的“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知，空處為名詞的復數形式。故填wonders。45考查連詞。句意：但不知何故，這兩個截然不同的世界卻很好地結合在了一起。空前“Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,”和空后“somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodbination.”之間存在轉折關系，用but。故填but。46考查非謂語動詞。句意：在過去的10年里，我多次訪問北京，我驚訝于這里的新舊共存，驚訝于一個城市如何在不斷發展的同時保持如此豐富的文化遺產。這里為非謂語動詞擔當狀語，和主句主語“I”之間為主動關系；根據時間狀語“overthelast10years”可知，用完成時態，由此推斷，空處用現在分詞的完成時態。置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Havingvisited。47考查時態和語態。句意：在過去的10年里，我多次訪問北京，我驚訝于這里的新舊共存，驚訝于一個城市如何在不斷發展的同時保持如此豐富的文化遺產。這里為本句謂語動詞，根據下文“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產)whileconstantlygrowing.”可知，本句用一般過去時；主語I和動詞amaze之間為被動關系，所以用被動語態。故填wasamazed。48考查非謂語動詞。句意：作為一名攝影師，我花了兩年時間記錄我發現的一切。spendtime(in)doingsth.花費時間做某事。這里為非謂語動詞擔當賓語，用動名詞形式。故填recording。49考查形容詞。句意：這個城市的顯著發展，是有意識地在保護過去的同時步入現代世界，這意味著這里總是有新的東西可以發現，我可以在接下來的50年里一直拍攝北京。分析句子成分可知，空處為形容詞修飾名詞“developmentofthiscity”。故填remarkable。50考查時態。句意：這座城市的顯著發展，在有意識地保護過去的同時步入現代世界，意味著這里總是有新的東西等待發現，我可以在接下來的50年里一直拍攝北京。這里為本句謂語動詞，根據上下文可知，本句時態為一般現在時；主語為“development”，單數，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。故填means。2023年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(全國乙卷)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.____16____,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.____17____.Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“____18____.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.____19____.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“____20____,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”A.AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’stongueareamongthebestF.ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.E20.