有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)測試題本卷可能用到的原子量：H-1C-12O-16Na-23Br-80F-19一、選擇題(本題包括5小題，每小題2分，共10分。每小題有一個選項(xiàng)符合題意)1、高粱、玉米等經(jīng)發(fā)酵、蒸餾就可以得到一種“綠色能源”，這種物質(zhì)是（）A．氫氣B．甲烷C．酒精D．木炭2、下列物質(zhì)中屬于酯類的是（）A．石蠟油B．甘油C．酚醛樹脂D．花生油3、下列分子式表示的物質(zhì)一定是純凈物的是（） A．C2H6O B．C2H4Cl2 C．CH4O D．4、工業(yè)上生產(chǎn)乙烯最主要的途徑是（） A．乙炔加氫 B．乙醇脫水C．石油裂解 D．煤炭干餾5、不粘鍋的內(nèi)壁有聚四氟乙烯涂層，下列關(guān)于聚四氟乙烯的說法正確的是（）A．聚四氟乙烯的單體是不飽和烴B．聚四氟乙烯比較穩(wěn)定C．聚四氟乙烯中氟的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是73.1％D．聚四氟乙烯分子中含有雙鍵二、選擇題(本題包括12小題，每小題3分，共36分。每小題有一個選項(xiàng)符合題意)6、下列有機(jī)物的命名正確的是（）A．2—甲基—3—丁烯B．乙基苯C．2—乙基丙烷D．1—甲基乙醇7、下列物質(zhì)中，在一定條件下既能發(fā)生銀鏡反應(yīng)，又能發(fā)生水解和氧化反應(yīng)的是（）A．甲酸乙酯 B．溴乙烯 C．乙酸甲酯 D．苯甲醛8、“祥云”火炬的燃料的主要成分是丙烷，下列關(guān)于丙烷的敘述中錯誤的是（）A．分子中碳原子不在一條直線上B．光照下能夠發(fā)生取代反應(yīng)C．比丁烷更易液化D．是石油分餾的一種產(chǎn)品9、下列說法中錯誤的是()A．磺化、硝化都是化學(xué)變化B．干餾、常壓分餾都是物理變化C．甘油不是油，酚醛樹脂不是酯D．裂解氣、天然氣都是混合物10、要除去乙烯氣體中的二氧化硫氣體，最好在洗氣瓶中盛放的試劑是（）A．氫硫酸B．溴水C．氫氧化鈉溶液D．酸性高錳酸鉀溶液11、下列各組中的兩種有機(jī)物，其最簡式相同但既不是同系物，又不是同分異構(gòu)體的是（）A.苯苯乙烯B.甲醛乙二醛C.對甲基苯酚苯甲醇 D.甲酸乙醛12、實(shí)驗(yàn)室里運(yùn)用下列實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，能達(dá)到相應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡氖牵ǎ╅L頸漏斗長頸漏斗乙甲丁丙乙甲丁丙A．裝置甲：石油分餾B．裝置乙：溴苯的制取C．裝置丙：乙烯的制取D．裝置丁：乙酸乙酯的制取13、已知人造羊毛的結(jié)構(gòu)為，則合成人造羊毛的單體是（）①CH2=CHCN②CH2=CHCOOCH3③CH2=C(CN)CH3④CH3COOCH=CH2⑤CH3COOH⑥CH2=C(CN)CH=CHOHA．①②B．⑤⑥C．③④D．①④14、由2—氯丙烷制取少量的1，2—丙二醇時，需要經(jīng)過下列哪幾步反應(yīng)（）A．消去、加成、取代B．加成、消去、取代C．取代、消去、加成D．消去、加成、消去15、下列各組物質(zhì)，能用一種試劑鑒別的是（）A．苯、己烯、甲苯B．乙酸、乙醛、乙醇C．乙醛、氯乙烷、硝基苯D．乙酸甲酯、苯酚溶液、甲酸溶液16、有機(jī)物分子中原子（或原子團(tuán)）之間的相互影響會導(dǎo)致他們化學(xué)性質(zhì)的改變。下列敘述能說明上述觀點(diǎn)的是（）A．等物質(zhì)的量的乙二醇和乙醇分別與足量金屬鈉反應(yīng)，乙二醇產(chǎn)生的氫氣多B．乙烯和苯都能和氫氣發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)C．乙烯可發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)，而乙烷不能D．苯酚能與氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)，而乙醇不能17、有機(jī)物甲分子式為C11H14O2，在酸性條件下水解生成乙和丙，丙遇FeCl3溶液顯紫色，丙的相對分子質(zhì)量比乙的大20，甲的結(jié)構(gòu)有（）A．3種B．4種C．6種D．8種三、選擇題(本題包括5小題，每小題4分，共20分。每小題有1～2個選項(xiàng)符合題意)18、在有機(jī)物分子中，若某個碳原子連接著四個不同的原子或原子團(tuán)，這種碳原子稱為“手性碳原子”，凡有一個手性碳原子的物質(zhì)一定具有光學(xué)活性。物質(zhì)有光學(xué)活性，發(fā)生下列反應(yīng)后生成的有機(jī)物無光學(xué)活性的是（）A．在催化劑存在下與H2作用B．與NaOH水溶液共熱C．與銀氨溶液作用D．與甲酸發(fā)生酯化反應(yīng)19、以下聚合反應(yīng)方程式，書寫正確的是（反應(yīng)條件略）（）A．B．C．D．20、下列操作不能達(dá)成實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牡氖牵ǎ〢．溴乙烷與氫氧化鈉溶液共煮后，加入硝酸銀檢驗(yàn)Br-B．用電石和飽和食鹽水制取乙炔C．用苯、2mol/L的硝酸和3mol/L的硫酸制硝基苯D．用稀硝酸洗滌做過銀鏡反應(yīng)的試管21、有機(jī)物A結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示，下列說法正確的是（）A．A在堿性條件不下能發(fā)生水解反應(yīng)B．1molA能和4mol氫氣發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)C．和溴水反應(yīng)時，1摩爾A能消耗3摩爾Br2D．A不能使酸性高錳酸鉀溶液褪色22、在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下，由甲烷、甲醛和乙烷組成的11.2升的混合氣體完全燃燒后，生成0.7mol的二氧化碳?xì)怏w。則混合氣體中乙烷的體積分?jǐn)?shù)為（）A．20%B．40%C．60%D．80%四、（本題共24分）23、下列物質(zhì)中①甲苯②聚異戊二烯③汽油④⑤聚乙烯⑥（1）既能使溴水褪色，也能使酸性高錳酸鉀褪色的烴是____________（2）能和碳酸氫鈉反應(yīng)的是______，寫出它與碳酸氫鈉反應(yīng)的方程式__________________（3）寫出⑥與足量氫氧化鈉溶液共熱反應(yīng)的方程式____________24、菠蘿酯是一種具有菠蘿香氣的食用香料，是化合物甲與苯氧乙酸發(fā)生酯化反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物。(1)甲一定含有的官能團(tuán)的名稱是____________，其電子式為__________。(2)已知，0.1摩爾甲能使800克2%的溴水恰好完全褪色，同時溴水增重5.8克，甲的分子式為____________，如甲分子中不含甲基，且為鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡式是__________________。寫出比甲物質(zhì)多一個碳的相鄰?fù)滴锏慕Y(jié)構(gòu)簡式______________________(3)苯氧乙酸有多種酯類同分異構(gòu)體，寫出其中能使FeCl3溶液發(fā)生顯色反應(yīng)，且苯環(huán)上有2種一硝基取代物的所有同分異構(gòu)體的結(jié)構(gòu)簡式____________。乙炔H乙炔HHHHHHCHCONH2CH2聚乙炔丙烯酰胺(片段如右)（1）現(xiàn)有如下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的分子式均滿足C6H6：，其中只有A是平面構(gòu)型，其余均為立體構(gòu)型。關(guān)于A、B、C、D，下列說法正確的是a．C的二氯代物只有2種b．C是立方烷的同系物c．B屬于二烯烴d．A、B、C、D常溫下均為氣體（2）聚乙炔是新型導(dǎo)電分子，寫出聚乙炔的結(jié)構(gòu)簡式_____，關(guān)于聚乙炔的說法正確的是a.聚乙炔塑料容易因老化而失去活性b.1摩爾聚乙炔能與1摩爾Br2發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)c.能使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色d.等質(zhì)量的聚乙炔與乙炔完全燃燒時的耗氧量不相同ⅠⅡⅠⅡ①反應(yīng)Ⅰ和反應(yīng)Ⅱ都符合綠色化學(xué)原理，是原子利用率100%的反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)Ⅰ所需另一反應(yīng)物的分子式為，以下反應(yīng)中同樣符合綠色化學(xué)原理的是a．取代反應(yīng)b．消去反應(yīng)c．縮聚反應(yīng)d．加聚反應(yīng)②下列物質(zhì)在一定條件下能和丙烯酰胺發(fā)生反應(yīng)的是a．鹽酸b．氫氧化鈉溶液c．氨基乙酸d．水③聚丙烯酰胺是一種合成有機(jī)高分子絮凝劑，寫出由丙烯酰胺合成聚丙烯酰胺的化學(xué)方程式________________________________________________________五、實(shí)驗(yàn)題(本題共24分)26、要除去下表中所列有機(jī)物中的雜質(zhì)（括號內(nèi)為雜質(zhì)），從（1）中選擇適宜的試劑，從（2）中選擇分離提純的方法，用序號填入表中。試劑：a.濃硫酸b.氫氧化鈉c.生石灰d.碳酸鈉e.水f.濃溴水方法：A.過濾B.分液C.蒸餾要提純的物質(zhì)（雜質(zhì)）CH3CH2Br(C2H5OH)C2H5OH(H2O)CH3CH2OH(CH3COOH)C6H5Br(Br2)C6H6(C6H5OH)選用試劑（1）分離方法（2）（3）以上采用的操作中，B使用的主要玻璃儀器是__________27．乙酸丁酯（CH3COOCH2CH2CH2CH3）是具有果香味的香精，經(jīng)酯化反應(yīng)可進(jìn)行乙酸丁酯的合成。有關(guān)物質(zhì)的物理性質(zhì)見右表。合成過程如下：第一步：將丁醇和過量的乙酸混合加熱發(fā)生酯化反應(yīng)；第二步：洗滌提純；第三步：蒸餾提純。乙酸1-丁醇乙酸丁酯熔點(diǎn)/℃16.6－89.5-73.5沸點(diǎn)/℃117.9117126.3密度/g·cm－31.050.810.88水溶性互溶互溶不溶(1)上述是合成和提純乙酸丁酯的有關(guān)裝置圖，請寫出合成和提純乙酸丁酯的操作順序(填字母)C→F→→→→。(2)C裝置中除了裝有1-丁醇和過量的乙酸外，還需要加入___________、___________。乙酸過量的原因是__________________。裝置C中冷凝管的作用是：；(3)步驟F：酯化反應(yīng)完成后，向卸下的燒瓶中加入25mL水的作用是_________。A裝置中Na2CO3溶液的作用是_______。(4)步驟E的操作要領(lǐng)是：①用一只手的手掌壓住分液漏斗的塞子并握住分液漏斗；②另一只手握住活塞部分；③。（5）裝置A的分液漏斗中液體分為兩層，乙酸丁酯應(yīng)在（填上、下）層。（6）第一步酯化反應(yīng)過程中可能得到的有機(jī)副產(chǎn)物有_________________________(寫出兩種物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡式)。六、（本題共22分）28、醇氧化成醛的反應(yīng)是藥物、香料合成中的重要反應(yīng)之一。（1）苯甲醇可由C6H5CH2Cl在NaOH水溶液中發(fā)生取代反應(yīng)而得，反應(yīng)方程式為________（2）某科研小組研究了鈀催化劑在氧氣氣氛中對一系列醇氧化成醛反應(yīng)的催化效果，反應(yīng)條件為：K2CO3、363K、甲苯（溶劑）。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下：醇反應(yīng)時間/h2.52.52.5醛的產(chǎn)率/%959694醇反應(yīng)時間/h3.03.015.0醛的產(chǎn)率/%959240分析表中數(shù)據(jù)，得到鈀催化劑催化效果的主要結(jié)論是（寫出2條）_______________________（3）用空氣代替氧氣氣氛進(jìn)行苯甲醇氧化生成苯甲醛的反應(yīng)，其他條件相同，產(chǎn)率達(dá)到95%時的反應(yīng)時間為7.0小時。請寫出用空氣代替氧氣進(jìn)行反應(yīng)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)：___________________（4）由于醛易被氧化，所以在合成中常利用醛和醇反應(yīng)生成縮醛來保護(hù)醛基，此類反應(yīng)在酸催化下進(jìn)行。如：①在以上醛基保護(hù)反應(yīng)中要保證反應(yīng)的順利進(jìn)行，一般可采取的措施有（任意寫出1條）________________________________________________②已知具有五、六元環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的縮醛比較穩(wěn)定。寫出用乙二醇（HOCH2CH2OH）保護(hù)苯甲醛中醛基的反應(yīng)方程式____________________________________________________________。29、A是生產(chǎn)某新型工程塑料的基礎(chǔ)原料之一，分子式為C10H10O2，其分子結(jié)構(gòu)模型如圖，所示（圖中球與球之間連線代表化學(xué)鍵單鍵或雙鍵）。（1）根據(jù)分子結(jié)構(gòu)模型寫出A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡式___________（2）擬從芳香烴出發(fā)來合成A，其合成路線如下：已知：A在酸性條件下水解生成有機(jī)物B和甲醇。④⑥④⑥D(zhuǎn)E:C9H12O2溴水=1\*GB3①NaOHH2O②③⑤O2/CuG:C9H10O2H:C9H10O3BADE:C9H12O2F:C9H10O⑦(a)寫出反應(yīng)類型①________⑤__________(b)寫出結(jié)構(gòu)簡式D__________H___________(c)已知F分子中含有“—CH2OH”，通過F不能有效、順利地獲得B，其原因是__________________________________________________________________________________(d)寫出反應(yīng)方程式（注明必要的條件）③________________________________________________________⑥________________________________________________________⑦_(dá)_________________________________________________________七、計(jì)算題（本題共14分）30、有機(jī)物A的蒸汽的質(zhì)量是相同狀況下同體積乙醇蒸汽的2倍。1.38克A完全燃燒后，若將燃燒產(chǎn)物通過堿石灰，堿石灰的質(zhì)量增加3.06克；若將燃燒產(chǎn)物通過濃硫酸，濃硫酸的質(zhì)量增加1.08克；取4.6克A與足量鈉反應(yīng)，生成的氣體在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的體積為1.68升，A不與純堿反應(yīng)。試通過計(jì)算確定A的分子式和結(jié)構(gòu)簡式。31、科學(xué)家致力于二氧化碳的“組合轉(zhuǎn)化”技術(shù)的研究，把過多二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為有益于人類的物質(zhì)。（1）如果將CO2和H2以1：4的比例混合，通入反應(yīng)器，在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下反應(yīng)，可獲得一種重要的能源。請完成以下化學(xué)方程式：CO2+4H2→__________+2H2O（2）若將CO2和H2以1：3的比例混合，使之發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成某種重要的化工原料和水，則生成的該重要化工原料可能是_______A.烷烴B.烯烴C.炔烴D.芳香烴（3）已知在443~473K時，用鈷（Co）作催化劑可使CO2和H2生成C5~C8的烷烴，這是人工合成汽油的方法之一。要達(dá)到該汽油的要求，CO2和H2體積比的取值范圍是__________。答案一、選擇題(本題包括5小題，每小題2分，共10分。每小題有1個選項(xiàng)符合題意)試題12345答案CDCCB二、選擇題(本題包括12小題，每小題3分，共36分。每小題有1個選項(xiàng)符合題意)試題67891011121314151617答案BACBCABDABDC三、選擇題(本題包括5小題，每小題4分，共20分。每小題有1～2個選項(xiàng)符合題意，只有一個正確選項(xiàng)的，多選不給分；有兩個正確選項(xiàng)的，選對一個給2分，選錯一個該小題不給分。)試題1819202122答案ABCDACBCB四、（本題共24分）23、（1）②（2）④（3）或?qū)⑺夂椭泻头珠_寫方程式2分，其余1個答案1分，共6分24、(1)羥基（名稱和電子式各1分）(2)C3H6OCH2=CHCH2OH(3)CH3CH=CHCH2OH或其他合理答案；2、3題每個答案1分，24題共8分25、（1）a（2）ac（3）①HCN，d②acd，每個答案1分，共10分五、（本題共24分）26、要提純的物質(zhì)（雜質(zhì)）CH3CH2Br(C2H5OH)C2H5OH(H2O)CH3CHO(CH3COOH)C6H5Br(Br2)C6H6(C6H5OH)選用試劑（1）ecb或dbb分離方法（2）BCCBB（2）分液漏斗、燒杯每個1分，共12分27.（12分）（1）EADB（2分）（2）濃硫酸、沸石（2分）；冷凝回流揮發(fā)的乙酸和丁醇（1分），提高相對廉價的乙酸濃度以促使酯化反應(yīng)平衡正向移動（1分）（3）溶解吸收未反應(yīng)的酸和醇（1分），中和（或吸收）殘留在乙酸丁酯中的酸（1分）（4）倒轉(zhuǎn)分液漏斗反復(fù)振蕩并旋轉(zhuǎn)活塞放氣（1分）（5）上（因稀釋后的酸液密度≈1，而乙酸丁酯的密度<1）（1分）（6）CH2=CH—CH2—CH3，CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—O—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3（2分）六、(本題共22分)28、（1）（2分）（2）催化劑對苯甲醇及其對位衍生物具有高效催化活性；苯環(huán)上的取代基對苯甲醇衍生物催化氧化反應(yīng)的影響不大；催化劑對的催化效果差（2分，各1分）（3）空氣原料易得、價廉，安全性好；但反應(yīng)速率較慢（2分，各1分）（4）①除去反應(yīng)中生成的水、反應(yīng)物（乙醇）過量（1分）②（1分）本題共8分29、（1）(2)(a)①加成⑤消去(b)DH(c)F中含碳碳雙鍵，羥基氧化時可能會同時氧化碳碳雙鍵，使最終不能有效、順利地轉(zhuǎn)化為B(d)③⑥⑦第2小題(a)(b)兩小題中答案每個1分，其余2分一個，27題共14分七、計(jì)算題（本題共14分）30、MA=92（2分）C3H8O3（2分）丙三醇（2分）31、（1）CH4（2分）（2）B（2分）（3）5/16<=V(H2):V(CO2)<=8/25（4分）語法填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1Abusinessmanlosthiswallet.Therewasplentyofmoneyinit.Sohe61(make)apromise,“Ifsomeone62(find)mywalletandreturnsittome,I’llgivehalfthemoneytohim.”Adustmanfoundthewalletinthedustbin.Hesentitbacktotheloser.Butthebusinessmanchangedhis63.“Therewasstilladiamondringinthewallet,”saidtheloser,“Iwon’tgivehalfthemoneyinmywallettoyou64youreturnittome!”“I’veneverseenadiamondringinthewallet,”saidthedustman.Theybegantoquarrel65(violent).Thedustmanbecameangryandtookthebusinessmantoseeajudge.Afterthejudgeheardwhat66(happen)tothem,hesaidtothebusinessman,“I’msureyouareanhonestman.It’struethatyouhavelostawallet67therewasadiamondring.Butitisalsoclearthatthereis68moneyinthiswallet.Idon’tthinkit’s69.Waitforsometime.Perhapssomeonewillbeabletoreturnyourwallettoyou.”Thenthejudgeturnedtothedustmanandsaid,“Takethewallethome.Iftheloserdoesn’tgotogetitback70threedays,itwillbelongtoyou.”2Recently,asurvey1(carry)outbyawebsiteaboutthecommonviewonstudentswhograduate2BeijingUniversity.Only28%oftheinterviewedcompaniesthinkthattheyare3(satisfy)withthegraduatesfromBeijingUniversity.Thegraduatesintheircompanieshaveawiderangeof4(know)andtheylearnthingsveryquicklyandeasily.5,mostofthecompaniesdon’tthink6(high)ofgraduatesfromBeijingUniversity.Intheireyes,thegraduatesalwaysstick7theirownopinionsandlacktheteamworkspirit.Besides,theymaynotbesatisfiedwiththeirjobsevenwithbigcompanies,andtheyusuallyhavemany8(complain).Asaresult,34%ofthecompaniesinsistthat9isnotnecessarytoemploygraduatesfromBeijingUniversity.

Inbrief,societyandeventhestudentsthemselvesexpecttoomuchfromgraduatesfromBeijingUniversity.That’s10agraduateclaimsthathehimselfisrubbish.371weallknow,lifeisfullofdreamsandhavingagooddreamisofgreatimportanceinourdailylife.72agooddream,peoplecan’tmakeprogressandcountriescan’tdevelop.AndIholdthestrongbelief73everyone,whetherheisoldoryoung,poororrich,juniororsenior,doeshaveagooddream!Afterall,dreamingiscertainlyapositivepartofourlife,and74(wish)forgoodthings,however,costsnothing!What’smore,itisimportanttoflyourdreams,especiallyforthose75areseniorhighschoolstudents.Itishightimeforthemtoflytheirdreams.Iftheycan’tletdreamsfly,thedreamwouldjustbe76dream,notreality!Therefore,77isnowonderthatsomanypeoplehaveadreamsincetheirchildhood.Withanicedream,Chinasucceededinhostingthe29thOlympicGamesin2008;withanicedream,HongKong78(come)backtothemotherlandpeacefullyin1997;withanicedream,YuanLongpingridstheworldofhunger;withanicedream,MichaelJordonbecomesthemostpopularbasketballstar;withanicedreamIcanstandonthisstagetocompeteinthefinalEnglishspeechcontest.Andwithanaimofachievingsuccess,Imustdothebest!Somygoodfriends,ifyouwanttorealizeyourdream,pleasedonotbeafraidinfaceofdifficultiesorgiveupinfaceoffailure79loseyourdreaminfaceofpains.Youmustkeepgoingforward80(brave)!Justflyyourdreamhighlyabovethesky!4There’snosuchthingaslivingalone.Nevermindifyou’re61onlypersoninyourhouseandhavenodog,nocat,notevenfish.Youstillhavegotseveralbillion62(roommate)—andsodoweall.Someofthemareharmless,someare63(actual)helpfulandsomecouldevenkillyou.Theyare,ofcourse,bacteria,fungi(菌類)andviruses,andlikeitornot,they’reonyou,aroundyou,anddeeplywithinyou.Thefactthatbacterialifeiseverywhereisnot64(surprise).It’ssomethingyou65(learn)fromyourchildhoodwhenyourmothertoldyounottodrinkwaterfromsomeoneelse’sglass.Therearelotsofbacteria66arelivinginyourteakettle.Therearebacteria67(sleep)withyouonyourbed.Scientistsarebeginning68(realize)therichnessofthemicrobiome(微生物群系)—whichisascomplexastheones69(find)inoceans,rainforests,desertsandwoodlands.Yourhousehasamicrobiomeand70doyou.5Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalsoexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshopethewhole1(social)paymoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,2callsforourgreatconcern.Weshouldtryeveryeffort3(prevent)violencehappeningatschoolformoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschool4theirpersonalsafetycouldnotbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecan5(learn).Childrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom6theyseeontelevisionoron7Internet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolence8violence,foritwillresultin9(much)fighting.Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys.Allinall,everystudentshouldbehave10(he)andkeepawayfromviolence.6Thingsdidn’tlookgood61Charlie,thedog,wasbornatMeridenHumaneSociety.Charlie’smotherwas62sicktonursehim,andworkersstruggled63(keep)thepuppyhealthybybottle-feedinghimeverytwohours.64(luck),Satin,thecat,cametotherescue.65(exhaust)workershopedthatSatin,whowasfeedingherownkittens,mightbewillingtoaddonemoretoherfamily.“Sheloveditwhenweputthemtogether,”saiddirectorDibianco.SatinfedCharlieforthreeand66halfweeks.Herkittensregardedthepuppy67abrother.Inthepast17years,thedirector68(witness)nothinglikeacat69(nurse)apuppyattheshelter.“SatinstillmotheredCharlieevenashegrewtwice70size.”Thedirectorsaid.7Decide81adaywhichisnotstressfultoquitsmoking.Makealist82allthebenefitsyouwillgetfromstoppingsmoking.Throwawayallyourcigarettesattheendofthedaybeforeyouplantoquit.Rereadallthebenefitsyouwroteonthelistwhenyoufeellike83(smoke).Developsomeotherhabitslikewalking,drinkingsomewater,84(clean)yourhouseandsoontokeepyoubusy.Ifyoufeelnervousor85(stress),trytodosomerelaxationexerciseslikedeepbreathing.Youcanstopsmokingwithafriendorjoinastop-smokinggroup.Ifyoufeel86(extreme)bad,askadoctororchemistforhelp.Themostimportantthingis87(keep)trying.Don’tfeelashamed88youweakenandhaveacigarette,becausesomepeoplehavetotryseveraltimes89theyfinallystopsmoking.Holdon90youwillsucceed.8Europe'sbusyseasonsareinsummerandwinter.CrowdingisthemainprobleminthewarmestmonthsofJune,JulyandparticularlyAugust,soyou'dbetternotgointhebusy61(month).Insomecountries,suchasFranceandItaly,manyshopsandrestaurantscloseinAugustwhilelocalstaketheirownholidays,62meansthatsomecitiescanfeelratherdead.DecemberisalwaysbusyinParis,andanyAustrianorGermancitywith63goldenChristmasmarket.Easterisanotherbusytime.Youcanfindbargainsby64（visit）traditional"summer"destinations，65beawarethatpublictransportmightbelessfrequent.InsomenorthernlocationssuchasScotland,andNorway,itmightnotrunatallbecauseofheavysnowandice.Foralltheabovereasons,byfarthebestmonthstotraveltoEurope66（be）May,SeptemberandOctober.Apart67transportcosts,youmayneedabout50to80eurosaday68（get）byinWesternEurope.ThismightbelessinsmallertownsandinMediterraneanEurope.EasternEuropeisthe69(cheap)region,costingadailytotalof30to40euros,althoughUkraineandRussiacanbemoreexpensive,about40to50eurosaday.Sweden,IcelandandNorwayare70(slight)dearerthanWesternEurope.9 Whenmyfriendsaskme61(take)picturesofthem,Iwilltakealotofpicturesbuttheyonlykeepafewofthembecausetheyarenot62(satisfy)withmostpictures,andtheythinktheyarenotperfect.63fact,whenIlookatthepictures,thereisnothingdifferentinmy64(eye).EverypictureItakelooksalmostthesame. Peoplerunaftertheperfectsideandthat's65moreandmorepeoplechoosetotaketheplasticsurgery（整形手術(shù)）．Takemanystarsforexample.Theylookbeautifulenough．66inordertomakethemselveslookperfect,mostofthemtaketheplasticsurgery,which67(make)themlookunnatural.Manypeoplewouldrather68(spend)toomuchon69(go)aftertheperfectside,butnooneisperfect.Ifweacceptourimperfectsides,wewilllive70(comfortable)andenjoythelife.10Onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostcities，wherepeopleareabletomakefulluseoftherapidly－developedinternettechnology．Nowadays，canwefindaperson__61__hasn'texperiencedonlineshopping?Definitelynot．Onlineshopping62__（welcome）bymostpeopleduetovariousreasons．Fromtheperspective（視角）oftheconsumer，itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon'thavemuchsparetime．Justclickthemouse，theycanget__63__theywantwhilestayingathome．Fortheretailers（零售商），itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon'thavemuchcirculatingfunds．__64__（compare）withthetraditionaltrademode（風(fēng)格），itsavesthemtheneedtorentahouse．__65__，therearestillsome__66__(advantage)inonlineshopping．First，aface－to－facedealmakesonlineshoppinglessreliableandtrustworthy．Second，peoplewilllosethefunofbargain．__67__isundeniable（不可否認(rèn)的）thatshoppingontheinternethasbecomeanirresistible（無法抗拒的）trendinmodern__68__(social)．It'sofgreaturgencythatweneedtomaketherelativelawswiththerapid__69__（grow）ofonlineshopping．Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernof__70__（cheat）．11Yangshuo，China ItwasraininglightlywhenI1(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn'tcare.Afewhours2，I'dbeenathomeinHongKong，with3(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain. I'dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese5(painting).Instead，I'dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，it'sonlyanhouraway6carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter－knowncity. Yangshuo7(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers8(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit9(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.12Theadobedwellings(土坯房)1(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout4(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat5(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough6(cool)thehouseduringthehotday：7thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle8(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As9(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly10thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.13Sometimeswehavedisagreementswithpeople.Whenthis(1)h，theimportantthingistotrynottoletacalmdiscussionturnintoaheatedargument.Here(2)mytipsforyou. The(3)f thingIwouldsayisthatthewayyoubegintheconversationisveryimportant.Imagineyouareastudentandyoushareaflat(4)____ anotherstudentwhoyouthinkisn'tdoinghershareofthehousework.Ifyousay,“Look,youneverdoyourshareofthehousework.(5)areyougoingtodoaboutit？”，thediscussionwillverysoonturnintoanargument.It'smuchmore(6)(有幫助)tosaysomethinglike,“Ithinkwehad(7)b haveanotherlookabouthowwedivideupthehousework.Maybethereisabetterwayofdealingwithit.” Mysecondpieceof(8)a issimple.Ifyou'rethepersonwhoisinthewrong,justadmitit!Thisistheeasiestandbestwaytoavoidanargument.Justmakean(9)(道歉),andmoveon.Theotherpersonwillhavemorerespectforyou(10)__thefutureifyoudothat.14.Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix? In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It1(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit2(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneof3mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup. Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays4evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork5(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris6(clean)thanever. Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit7isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately? Whilethereare8(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe9(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe10(patience).15Lastyear，mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent，wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame，wewereready. Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths2(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We3(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek，4fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstand5thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged6thereservation.What'sworse，thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo，themanagercameout.Shewas7(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon8topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom，andweweren'tchargedextra. Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach9wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle10(sunburn)，butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.16Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot，wantnot.”Noneofus，(1)h，cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives. Anykindofwasteisthoughtless.Whetherwewasteourpotentialtalents，ourowntime，ourlimitednatural(2)(資源)，ourmoney，orotherpeople'stime，eachofuscanbecomemoreawareandcareful.Thesmallestgoodhabitscanmakeabig(3)d.It'sagoodfeelingtoknowinourheartswearedoingour(4)binaworldthatisinserioustrouble.Byfocusingon(5)(節(jié)省)oil，water，paper，food，andclothing，weareplayingapart(6)cuttingdownonwaste. Wemustkeepreminding(7)(自己)thatitiseasiertogetintosomething(8)itistogetoutofit.Actually，severedamage(9)dtoourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofourevolution.It'stimeforusto(10)notowastesothatourgrandchildren'schildrenwillbeabletodevelopwell.Wecan'tsolvealltheproblemsofwaste，butwecanencouragemindfulness. Wastenot!參考答案161.made62.finds63.mind64.unless/until65.violently66.hadhappened67.where68.only69.yours70.in21.wascarried2from3.satisfied4knowledge5However6highly7to8complaints9it10why371.As 72.Without 73.that 74.wishing 75.who76.a 77.it 78.came 79.or 80.bravely461.the62.roommates63.actually64.surprising65.learned/learnt66.which/that67.sleeping68.torealize69.found70.so51.society2.which3.toprevent4.if5.belearned/learnt6.what7.the8.with9.more10.himself661.when/as/after62.too63.tokeep64.Luckily65.Exhausted66.a67.as68.haswitnessed69.nursing70.her781.on 82.of83.smoking 84cleaning 85.stressed86.extremely 87.tokeep 88.if/when 89.before 90.and861．months 62．which 63．a(chǎn) 64．visiting 65．but 66．a(chǎn)re67．from 68．toget 69．cheapest 70．slightly961.totake62.satisfied63.In64.eyes65.why66.but67.makes68.spend69.going70.Comfortably1061．who/that62．iswelcomed63whatever/what64．Compared65．However66．disadvantages67．It68．society69．growth70．beingcheated11.1.解析考查動詞的時態(tài)。主句謂語動詞使用了過去進(jìn)行時，根據(jù)語境此處要用一般過去時態(tài)。答案arrived2.解析考查副詞的用法。由語境可知，幾個小時之前我還在