中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：NorwayRomsdalFolkMuseumPhotographfrom:StiftelsenRomsdalsmuseetTheRomsdalFolkMuseumisanarchitectonicattractionandatreasuredlandmarkthatembodiesthehistoryandidentityoftheentireregion.Ourintentioninthisprojectwastoletthestructuresignalitsmeaningandfunctionthroughanarchitecturalexpressionandtheuseoflocalmaterials.Thescaleofthebuildingreferstotheurbanityandmorphologyofthetown.Theoveralllayoutofthemuseumgroundstheconnectionstothetownbylinkingdifferentsurroundingareasinanoverallplanwhereallcirculationislinkedinaunifiedstructure.Theprojectconveysanopenandprogressiveattitudethatmakesdiverseutilizationpossible.

TheMuseumdesignapproachisrootedinrationalityandsustainability.Theplangeometryisdeceptivelysimple,thecharacteristicangledshapesarelimitedtotheroofandtheexternalwall,makingthecirculationandinternalorganisationclearandflexible.Thepublicareasareclearlyseparatedfromtheadministrationwing,whichislocatedonboththegroundandfirstfloor.Exhibitionrooms,theauditoriumandthelibraryareallplacedonthegroundfloortoincreaseflexibilityanduserexperience.Thetransparencyofthereceptionroompermitssupportinginternalandexternalactivities.Largeslidingdoorsseparatethepermanentandtemporaryexhibitionareas,givingthecuratorstheabilitytocombineorseparatethespaces.Thearchivesandworkshopsarelocatedonthebasementlevel,withtheverticalcirculationoflargeitemsfacilitatedbyalargegoodslift.Pineistheprimarybuildingmaterialofthemuseum.Exteriorwallsandroofaremadeofsolidtimberincombinationofsteelbeamwhenrequired.Theterrainentailedtheuseofconcrete,howeveritsusewasreducetothefoundations.Exteriorwallsandceilingscoveredwithmaintenance-pinerelieftemperedwithbio-basedoil.Differentopeningsfilterthedaylightinsuchwaythattheinternalspaceareenrichedbygradationsandtranslucencynuances.However,themainexhibitionroomsareblackboxes,givingthecuratorstotalcontrolofartificiallighteningintheseareas.Alltheglazingunitshavehigh-energyperformanceglass,insomelocationswithsilkprintedcoloursandpatterns.TheimpactontheNordicsociety:TheRomsdalFolkMuseumisagreatexampleofstrategicuseoflow-techbuildingsolutions.ItembodiesthenationalpolicyinNorwaytoaimforamoresustainablefuture.ThemuseumisbuiltusingNorwegiantimbertechnologyandactsasahubforculturaldevelopment.Inthisbuilding,thepeopleofMoldeaswellasvisitorsandtouristsaregiventheopportunitytoconnectandtobuildawidercommunity.ThemuseumhostsnotonlyexhibitsaboutNorwegianculturebutalsoconcerts,workshopsandlecturesonaday-to-daybasis.Thearchitecturalformbringstogethertheregion'sfolkcultureandthearea'scharacteristiclandscapequalitiesinalargercomposition.Therangeofperspectivesandactivitiesensuresabroadaudience,withthemuseumbecomingalivingcentrefortheexplorationoftheregion’shistory,contemporaryculture,andfuture.Sch?ningenGermanypaleontologyresearchandexperiencecenterArchitects:

HolzerKoblerArchitekturenLocation:Sch?ningen,GermanyArea:4,090㎡Year:2013Photographsfrom:CourtesyofHolzerKoblerArchitekturenFromthearchitect.

ArchitectureThePAL?ONpushesitselfoutoftheslightlyhillytopographyandcutsintotheforestedmeadows.Thevolumeofthethree-storybuildingandthepathsemanatingfromitformlinesofsightthatdividethelandscapeintovectors.Asecondwindingpathsystemformssynapsesthatconnecttothesurroundings.Thebuildingisacamouflage–ahyperrealisticabstractionofthelandscape.ThemetallicskinofthePAL?ONmirrorsthemeadowsandforeststhatsurrounditaswellasthemovementsofthecloudsintheskypassingby.Throughitsarchaicform,theresearchandexperiencecenterbecomesonewithitssurroundings.Sharp,large-formattedcutsintothebuildingfa?adeofferwide-reachingandfascinatingviewstotheplacewherethespearswerediscovered,thepitofthebrowncoalmine,thenearbyforest,andthePrzewalskihorsesgrazinginthemeadows.Theexpressiveopeningscutintothebuildinglikespearsintheskinofthehorsesandreflectthisdynamicintheformlanguage.Theabstractcutsintothebuildingalsoformallyreacttotheneighboringtracesofopencutmining.Theresultingexpressivearchitecturemediatesbetweenmanmadeandnaturallandscapeandformsanemblemfortheplace.ExhibitionTheexperienceexhibition,withitspresentationoftheoriginalsitefromSch?ningenliesattheheartoftheproject.Memorableimagesspeaktothevisitor’ssensesandemotions.Newfindingsonourancestors,thehomoerectus,hisdailylifeandthefloraandfaunathatexistedaround300,000yearsagoarepresentedaswellasconnectionstocurrentthemessuchasclimatechangeandsustainability.Thecircuitthroughtheexhibitionbeginsinthethree-storyfoyerinthemiddleofthebuilding,whichconnectsalloftheviewstotheoutside.Thetallspacecreatesviewaxestotheresearchandexhibitionareasinthefirstandsecondfloorsaswellasvistastothebrowncoalmine.Hereiswhereallpathsleadingtotheprogrammaticareas,suchasexhibition,educationalareas,administration,restaurantorshop,beginandend.Thefoyerthenleadsonebacktoprehistorictimesthroughthelacqueredcross-sectionofthegeologicalandarchaeologicallayersoftheexcavation.Centraltotheexhibitiondesignisthesculpturalwhiteexhibitionstructure,whoseformvaguelyresemblethoseofhorsebones.Throughenlargementandabstraction,arowofthemecabinetsformaspatiallyactivatingelementwithviewsalternatingwithlarge-formatartwork.Highlighttotheexhibitioncircuitisthespears`cabinetthatpresentstheworld-wideuniqueswoodenspearsfromthestoneage.Finallythepanoramiccinemamakes300,000yearsemotionallyexperiential.Uponleavingthemainexhibitionspaceandcrossingthefoyeronelasttimehighabovetheentrance,currentarchaeologicalexcavationandresearchworkinSch?ningencanbeexperiencedintheresearcharea.Inthelaboratory,visitorssolveatrickycasewithmodernarchaeologicalmethods.Theprofessionallaboratoryandworkspacesofthearchaeologistson-sitearestrungalongtheexhibitioncircuitandcanbeexaminedbythevisitors.The‘AdventureResearch’thattakesplaceheredailyismadecomprehensibleforlaymen,childrenandexpertsandallowedtobeexperiencedclose-up–inthePAL?ONitselfandtheexhibitionsiteoutdoors.LandscapeForthedesignoftheoutdoorspacesofthenewresearchandexperiencecenter,twocomplementaryformlanguageswereintroducedintothelandscape.Theydifferfunctionallyandformallyinthenewlycreatedparklandscapeechoinganinter-glacialcycleofprimevaltimesandintheaccessandgatheringareas,whicharestronglyinfluencedarchitectonicallythroughthebuilding.Totheeast,densewoodswillsooncoverhalfoftheareaofthesite.TothewestandsurroundingthePAL?ONstretchdappledforests,aswellasmeadowsandalake,whichalsoaccommodatethefenced-inareaforthePrzewalskihorses.Acurvingnetworkofpathsleadsthevisitortospecialviewpoints,attractions,andmakesnecessaryconnections.Forexample,thedesignoftheplaygroundwasinspiredfromextinctprimevalanimals.Andfromaslightlyraisedpointatoneareaofthelake,thevisitorisgivenanidealviewofwherethewildhorsesreside.SpaHotSpringsResortMingTang,Bazhou,HebeiProvinceofChina.Architect:

CTDesign

+CooperationTeamLocation:BazhouCity,HebeiProvince,ChinaSiteArea:About12hectaresatthefirstphaseInvestment:About600,000,000TWDHotSpringHotelArea:About13,000㎡Completion:Nov2010Photographs:TonyBACKGROUNDWithadvantageoflocationaboutdistancefromBeijingcitybycarin1hourandresourceofhotspring,BazhouhasbeenplanedanddevelopedashotspringtowninHebeiProvinceofChina.Thereare6piecesoflandallottedto6investmentgroupsinthenewdevelopmentareaandtheprojectis1of6hotspringresorts.ISSUE&AGENDAHowtoredefinequalityfor5starresorthotelwhichisnotmainlybyit’sphysicalluxurybutmoreaboutrichnatureexperienceistheissuewehaveandhowtocreateresortasonesustainableenvironmentisourmainconcern.Therefore,environmentgoesfirst,thenlandscapeexperience,architecturalformisjustbasedonhowtointegrateitwithsurroundings.SITESITUATIONThesiteisflatwhichisabout18hectaresinrectangleshape(12hectaresforthefirstphase)andasnormalnorthernlandscapeinChina.Coldwinterwindcomesfromnorthwestdirectionandcoolsummerwindcomesfromsoutheastdirection.Moreoverclimateandlandscapesituationisverydifferentat4reasons–springiscomfortable,summerishotwhichwillreachto32degreeathighest,autumniscool,andwinteriscoldaboutminus10degreeatlowest.Sohowtousethesevariedexperienceforresortistheoneofmainpointsfordesign.ABOUTPLANNING&LANDSCAPEMoreNature,MoreSustainableNewtopographycreatedintendstorespondtosite’ssituationwhichistohavehighhillatnorthsideworkingasdefenceforcoldwinterwindandlowhillatsouthsidetoguidecoolsummerwindintothesite.Topographyalsoworksasbasetocreatesthreelandscapetypologieswhichwillcreatemultiplelandscapeexperience–thehilltopasgrassland,thehillsideasforest,andthelowlandashotspring.Hotelandvillaswillbesetatdifferentpositionandzoningasgroupswithdifferentlandscapethemesuchashotspring,forest,andlake.Ashotspringresort,wateristhemainsubjectandisusedasmainlandscapeelement.FromhotspringtoSPA,fromdamtowaterfall,andfromwatercourtyardtosurroundinglake,weintendtocreatemorechanceforguesttoexperiencehotspringinmanydifferentways.Aboutwatersystem,secondhandhotspringiscollectedandpumpedintowaterfallandwaterwallincourtyard.Waterwillflowfromhighleveltolowlevel,frominsidetooutside,fromwatercourtyardtoentrancepoolanddowntolakeandriver.Finallywaterwillbepumpedbacktowatercourtyardattheendpoolofriverasonecirculatingsystem.ABOUTARCHITECTURE&SPACEArchitectureinNature,NatureinArchitecture“ArchitectureinNature,NatureinArchitecture”isourbasicconceptforthehotel.Intheway,weintendtocreateweakandhumblearchitecturewhichisharmoniousandconsistentwithsurroundings.Wetakelinearformforbuildingasthewaytointegrateitwithsurroundingsinsteadofcreatingonebigsolidobjectasnormalbusinesshotelonlandscape.Linearformisasloopputtingontopographywhichstillwillkeeplandscapeinsideandcangivemaximumproximityandaccesstothelandscape.Moreover,italsoworksascorridortoguideguestexperiencingenvironmentandasthebestcirculationforflowofpeopleaswell.Basedonarrangementoflandscape,thehotelspaceisarrangedin3loopsfollowingtopographyfromlevel+0.2muptolevel+1.1m.3LOOPSLoop1:Lobby,Café,SPA,indoor/outdoorswimmingpool–waterzoneSurroundedbywaterandlookslikestandingonit,ourintentionistointegrateinnerspacewithsurroundingbigwater.Andduetotemperaturedifference,hopefullyhotspringcouldcreatekindatmospherethathotelwilllooklikeasinmistinwinter.Loop2:Restaurant–flowerzoneSurroundedbyflowerandencirclingsakuracourtyard,weintendtocreatekindatmospherewhichiscomfortableandrefinedinrestaurant.Loop3:Guestroomarea–bambooforestzoneDuetoit’sspecialcharacterandabilitytosurviveinwinter,bambooischosentocreateforestforguestroomareawhichisnotjustonlytoprovideprivacybutalsocreatekindfeelingofmeditation,especiallyforhotspringareainguestroomtowardsbamboocourtyard.EXPECTATIONWehopethisresortcouldbeasanenvironmentwhichpeoplecanexperiencebynotjustonlyvision,buthearing,smell,andtouchaswell.Itisjustsimplyyoucanhearvoiceofwater,birds,andwindgoingthroughbamboo,andcanfeelhotspringandsmellfloweraswell.翻譯：挪威Romsdal民俗博物館圖片來源：StiftelsenRomsdalsmuseet這是由ReiulfRamstad建筑事務所設計的Romsdal民俗博物。該博物館是非常具有吸引力的建筑，體現了整個地區的歷史和身份，是建筑上的一個里程碑。該項目的設計目的是希望通過建筑表現和就地取材來凸顯標志性。建筑規模是參考城鎮的建筑形態和風格。博物館連接不同的周邊地區，同時與城鎮保持關聯，在一個統一的結構里相互流通。該項目傳達一個開放和進取的態度，呈現多功能化。

項目設計方法植根于理性和可持續性。簡單的幾何平面，屋頂和外墻限制出夸張的成角空間，形成清晰且靈活的內部組織和流通系統。公共區域分開管理，位于地面和一樓。展覽空間、禮堂、圖書館都放置在一樓，增加靈活性和用戶體驗。接待室保證一定透明度，支持內、外部活動。大型滑動門分離出永久展區和臨時展區，方便靈活合并或分隔空間。檔案和車間位于地下室，垂直大物件的流通依靠一個大貨梯。松樹是博物館的主要建筑材料，外墻和屋頂由木材和部分鋼梁組成，表面都有松木浮雕。不同的開口過濾陽光，通過色調和透明度等細微差別來豐富內部空間。主要的展覽空間是全黑的，方便配置人工的、藝術性的燈光。所有玻璃都是高性能玻璃，有些為絲綢印花玻璃。對北歐社會的影響：Romsdal民俗博物館是使用低技術結構的典型案例。它體現了挪威追求可持續未來的國家政策。博物館是以挪威木材工藝作為文化發展的中心。在這棟大樓里，莫爾德人就像游客一樣，有機會與其他游客交流，建立一個更廣泛的社區。博物館不僅舉辦挪威文化展覽，日常還可舉辦音樂會、研討會和講座等。建筑形式匯集了該地區的民俗文化和景觀特色。多種活動的舉辦確保廣泛的群眾，同時使其成為該地區一個探索區域歷史、當代文化與未來的生活中心。德國，舍寧根，PAL?ON古生物研究與體驗中心建筑師：

HolzerKoblerArchitekturen地點：德國舍寧根面積：4,090平方米年份：2013圖片來源：CourtesyofHolzerKoblerArchitekturen以下是來自建筑師提供的方案信息PAL?ON古生物研究與體驗中心從這片丘陵地帶里探身而出，周圍環繞著密密麻麻的草叢。這棟三層高的建筑體量以及從中延伸出來的各條路徑形成了若干條視線，將周圍的景致劃分為若干個部分。還有一條迂回曲折的道路系統，形成了如同神經鍵一般的觸點，銜接著周圍的環境。該建筑好像隱身于大地，這是對于景觀的超現實抽象表達。PAL?ON研究與體驗中心的金屬表皮映照出了周圍的草地和森林，以及天空中飄過的朵朵白云。盡管建筑物外形古老，卻早已與其所處的環境融為一體。在建筑的立面設計了棱角銳利的大型切口，讓人們能夠飽覽周圍的美景，在這里考古學家挖掘出了古代的長矛，還能看到遠處的褐煤礦坑、附近的森林、在草地上放牧的蒙古野馬。富于表現力的洞口如同長矛刺入馬匹的皮膚一樣切入建筑，從形體語言上體現出了這種動態之美。建筑內部抽象的切口也在形體上與附近露天開采的礦山開采痕跡形成了呼應。由此產生的令人印象深刻的建筑設計調和了人工與自然景觀之間的關系，為場地塑造了一個地標。展覽體驗展就位于項目的核心地帶，在展覽中還展示了原先位于舍寧根的場地。讓人難忘的景象挑動了游客的感覺和情感。人類先祖——直立人的日常生活和周圍的動植物早在30萬年前就已出現，在展覽中展示了對他們的新發現，也聯系了當前受人關注的課題，譬如氣候變化和可持續發展。展廳的環形道路始于位于建筑中央的三層高門廳，此處銜接了室內外的所有風光。這個高大開敞的空間在一樓和二樓的研究與展覽區創建了視圖軸，并能眺望褐煤礦坑的風景。所有的內部通道都從這里通往各個功能區，如展廳、教室、行政辦公區、餐廳或商店，這里既是起點，也是終點。于是，這個門廳通過涂漆的地質剖面和考古挖掘層模型將人們帶回到史前時代。展覽設計的首要之處是雕塑一般的白色展覽結構，其形式與馬的骨骼依稀相似。一連串小型主題陳列室以尺寸放大和抽象化的方式，創建了賦予空間活力的元素，與大型藝術品交替出現在游客面前。擺放長矛的陳列室展示了從石器時代開始的全世界的獨特木質長矛，這里正是展廳環形通道的重心。最后是全景電影放映，讓人從情感上感受30萬年前的世界。離開主要展廳之后就會穿過入口上方的門廳，在這個研究區域能夠親身體驗舍寧根地區當前的考古發掘和研究工作。在實驗室里，游客們能夠以現代化的考古方法處理棘手的案例。中心現場的考古學家的專業實驗室和工作空間串聯在展廳循環通道上，游客可逐一觀看。這里每天都會發生“探險研究”，不但便于非專業人員、孩子們和專家理解，也允許人們近距離體驗——在PAL?ON中心內部及其戶外展覽場所。景觀在設計研究與體驗中心的戶外空間時，設計師往景觀中引入了兩種互補的形式語言。兩者在功能和形式上均有異于新建成的公園景觀和入口、聚會區域，其中公園景觀呼應了遠古的間冰期自然風貌。公園景觀和入口、聚會區域在建筑設計方面深受中心建筑的影響。在東側，茂密的森林將很快覆蓋建筑基地面積的一半。在西