語法一、主語從句Ⅰ.主語的構成1.Janeworkshard.(名詞)2.Youareastudent.(代詞)3.Theoldshouldberespected.(名詞化的動詞)4.Smokingisbadforyou.(動名詞)5.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.(不定式)6.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.(句子)Ⅱ.主語從句的定義在主從復合句中，充當主語的從句是主語從句。它是名詞性從句之一，使用陳述句語序。Ⅲ.考點梳理從屬連詞：that（無實意，但不可省略）、whether（可在句首，可接ornot、不定式）、if（不可用于句首）連接代詞:who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever.在句中不僅起連接詞的作用，并充當句中的名詞性成分如主語、賓語、表語。連接副詞：when、where、how、why.引導名詞性從句時不僅起連接詞的作用，也在句中作狀語。It作形式主語（為保持句子平衡，常把主語從句后置，而用形式主語it代替，it作形式）It+系動詞+形容詞+主語從句形容詞：important,(un)likely,possible,necessary,natural,wrong等It+系動詞+名詞+主語從句名詞：fact,idea,honour,question,pity等It+系動詞+過去分詞+主語從句過去分詞：known,proved,said,decided,suggested,thought等It+不及物動詞+主語從句不及物動詞：appear,happen,seem,occur,matter等注意事項：(1)在“It+系動詞+形容詞+主語從句”句型中,如果形容詞為necessary，important,strange,natural等時,從句謂語動詞常用“(should)+動詞原形”。在“It+系動詞+過去分詞+主語從句”句型中,如果過去分詞為insist，(一堅持)；order，mand(二命令)；suggest,advise,remend(三建議)；request,require,demand,ask(四要求)時,從句謂語動詞使用“(should)+動詞原形”。有主語從句的句子中主句的主謂一致①Whetherthepatientwillbetakenunknown.（多數情況下用單數/復數）②Whenandwherethepatientwillbetaken_____unknown.（兩個連接詞引導一個主從用單數/復數）③Whenthetaskcanbefinishedandwhetherhecanhavearest________unknown.（主語為and連接的兩個主從時用單數/復數）④Whathewantsmost____stayingwithhisfamily.（what在主從中做賓語時單復數由主語/表語決定）Whattheyneed_______masks(口罩).基礎練習（用恰當引導詞填空）1.Itislikely_____heisthewinnerofthisgame.很可能他是這場游戲的勝利者。2.______sheboughtsomanydictionariesisnotclear.=Itisnotclear_____sheboughtsomanydictionaries.不清楚她為什么買這么多字典。3.________hewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversitymadehisteachersandparentshappy.他考上了北大，這讓他的老師和父母很高興。4.It’sapity________youcan’tattendmybirthdayparty.很可惜你不能參加我的生日聚會。5._________wewillbuildanewhighschoolhasn’tbeendecided.我們是否要建新高中還沒決定呢。6.__________breaksthelawshouldbepunished.不管誰違法都應該受到懲罰。7.Itisnecessary______theproblem(should)besolvedatonce.很有必要立刻解決這個問題。8.________hewasbornisunknown.他生于何時還不知道。9Itispossible_______hehasstolenthecar.很可能他偷了小車。10._______hasbrokentheglassisunknown.誰打破了玻璃現在還不知道。進階練習1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter5.wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally6、hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How7、we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere8.isknowntousallthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.AWhichBasCWhatDIt9、WhatIsaynoneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave10.It’sknowntousallaformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto寫作一、話題詞塊梳理SignpostsandPhrases1.Addingmoreinformation:(添加信息)...,butalso;...and...aswell;Inaddition,...;Moreover...2.Illustrating:（舉例說明）Forexample...;Forinstance...Statingaconclusion:（作出總結）Therefore,...;Hence...;Inconclusion,...Toconclude,...Allinall...Inaword...InsummaryContrasting:(對比；轉折)...,but...;...,however,...;nevertheless...；Yet...Sequencing:(順延)：...，inturn...;Emphasizing:(強調)Infact,...；Inreality,...Introducinganewtopic/thing:Asfor...;Asanalternative,...Beinwidespreaduse被廣泛使用Longtermuse長期使用Beharmfulfor對...有害Damagesthbydoing通過做某事損害某物Switchto(轉換到)/turnto（求助于）Through/bynaturalmeans通過自然的方法Berichin富含某物Keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事Meettheneed(of)滿足（...的）需求Findasuitablesolution找到合適的解決方法Withoutadoubt,毫無疑問地Thereisnodoubtthat......事是毫無疑問的二、好句精選1.一些科學家們發現它們的長期使用有時會危害土地和人類的健康。Whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlongtermusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.例如，農藥不僅會殺死有害的細菌和蟲子，也會殺死那些有益的并以此損害土壤。Forinstance,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.3.事實上，一些像DDT這樣的農藥已經被多數國家禁止了。Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountries.4.有機農業遠遠不能滿足那種需求。Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.5.化學農業是一種對抗農作物疾病和增加產量的好方法。Chemicalfarmingisagoodwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.6.最近我們班就有機農業是否對我們有益展開了一場辯論,不同的學生有不同的看法。Recentlyourclasshashadadebateaboutwhetherorganicfarmingisgoodforus.Differentstudentsholddifferentopinions.7.最后但同樣重要的是，越來越多的人要求為他們的家庭選擇最自然、最營養的食物。Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeoplearedemandingthemostnaturalandnutritiouschoicefortheirfamily.8.俗話說，凡事都有兩面性。一切事物都有優缺點。Astheoldsayinggoes,everythinghastwosides.Thereareprosandconstoeverything. 9.在我看來，沒什么比健康更重要。也就是說，我們應該...AsfarasIamconcerned,nothingismoreimportantthanhealth.Thatistosay,weshould...三、根據給出的信息作文假定你是李華。最近你們班上舉行了一場關于有機農業和化學農業的激烈辯論，請表達你的意見并寫一篇簡單的議論文論證你觀點的正確性，內容包括:說明你支持有機農業還是化學農業給出至少三點論據證明你的觀點注意:1.寫作詞數應為80左右;2.可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。Chemical

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