Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusageSpringiscoming.Leavesturngreen.Cowseatgrassonthehill.Thespringgivesusawarmhug.Iwillmakethebeautystayinmymindforever.主語謂語主語主語主語主語系動詞謂語謂語謂語表語

賓語間接賓語賓語補足語賓語直接賓語狀語Readthispoemandrecognizethesentencetypes.謂語主語表語

賓語間接賓語賓語補足語直接賓語狀語

S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)OC(objectcomplement)Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures句子成分

句子是表達思想的基本單位，主要的句子成分1.主語（subject）：1.主語是句子所要說明的動作或狀態的主體.2.一般在句首。3.一般由名詞，代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語（不定式，動名詞或從句）充當如：Theteachergaveaspeech.

2謂語（verb）：1.表示主語的行為動作或所處的狀態。2.必須由動詞充當.3.一般在主語后面，和主語在人稱和數方面必須一致。謂語有簡單謂語、復合謂語之分。如：Manystudentsjoinschoolclubs.Theweatherisnice.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures3.賓語（object）：通常指動作的對象。有的動詞后面可以接兩個賓語。通常把其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語（indirectobject），把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語（directobject）。如：Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Jackofferedmesomehelpfuladvice.

4.表語（Predictive）1.說明主語的身份或特征、屬性、狀態等。2.位于在系動詞后面。3.充當短語的可以使單詞、短語或從句。

1.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.2.Iamateacher5.賓語補足語(objectcomplement)。英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.賓語和賓語補足語一起構成動詞的復合結構6）狀語adverbial)

狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.We'llsendacartofetchyou.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures7定語（attributive）：修飾名詞或代詞。如：Iwenttoalargelibraryyesterday.Hedoesn’thaveanythingtodoatthemoment.口訣記憶

主謂賓表定狀補，解釋說明同位語。句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分定狀補。定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副。主謂人稱數一致，賓語之后常有補。Onthefirstdayofschool,MissYangaveashortspeechabouttheimportanceofsettinggoals.Payattentiontotheunderlinedsentencesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Checkyouranswers.(3)Thesehabitswillbehelpful.(5)youwillliveahappylife.(2)Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.(4)settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.P6verbobjectWorkingouttherules.Englishwordsorwordgroupscanbebasicallyorganizedintofivesentencetypes

accordingtotheirgrammaticalfunctions:

subject(主語),predicate(謂語),object(賓語),predicative(表語),etc.SentenceelementsandsentencestructuresSVOOSVOC簡單句的五種基本句型：1.

主+謂(不及物動詞)SV2.主+謂(系動詞)+表語SVP3.

主+謂(及物動詞)+賓語SVO4.主+謂(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語5.主+謂(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語Focuson基本用法主語+謂語(不及物動詞)(SV)此句型中“主語+不及物動詞/詞組”構成句子主體部分，不及物動詞后不能直接帶賓語。但有時為了表示發生的頻率、原因、結果、目的、地點或時間等，可以有狀語來修飾。1)Classbegins.4)Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.3)Iagree.狀語修飾動詞2)Thebombblewup.Itcameoutasabookin2019.(SVA)4)I’llwriteaboutmyvolleyballteaminmyfuturebooks.Hespentfourweeksatasummercamp.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語(SVO)此句型中謂語是及物動詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達完整。注意：一些不及物動詞后面加介詞相當于一個及物動詞，之后可加賓語。1)Youmustlistentome.3)HearrivedinLondonyesterday.2)Sheis

laughingatthecrippledman.SVOA由……充當例句Hehasformedthehabitofrisingearlyinthemorning.Haveyoutoldthem

anythingabouttheaccident?Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.Wemayfindouttheunknownbycalculation.可在句中充當賓語的成分名詞代詞數詞名詞化的形容詞由……充當例句Idisliketravellingtoworkinaverycrowdedbuseveryday.Herefusedtoattendthemedicalconference.IwonderwhetherIshouldstayornot.可在句中充當賓語的成分V-ing(短語)不定式(短語)從句疑問詞+不定式Sheknowswhattodonext.DavidSmithisastudent.主語+謂語(系動詞)+表語

(SVP)此類型的句子，謂語動詞不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語性質或狀態的表語，才能表達完整的意思。1)Hebecame

ascientist.2)Mysisteris

out

now.3)Dinnersmells

good.常見的系動詞：be動詞類：am,is,are,was,were

表示變化類：become,

get,turn,grow,go

感官動詞類：look,sound,smell,taste,feel表示延續性的動詞：remain,stay,

keep

Mybookisonthedesk.Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.Hekeptallthemoneyinthebank.I’llshowyoumystampstoo.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語(SVOO)2)IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.間接賓語直接賓語1)Ishowedhimmypictures.間接賓語直接賓語動詞與“雙賓語”givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.makesb.sth./makesth.forsb.常見的這類結構的動詞還有：send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等常見的這類結構的動詞還有：prepare,buy,order,do,fetch,pick,leave,build,post,get,draw,find,reserve,save等Hobbiescanmakeyougrowasaperson.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語

(SVOC)在某些及物動詞的后面，需要用一個賓語再加一個賓補才能表達完整的意思。賓語補足語結構例句Iwillmakeyoucaptain.HisspeechleftthePresident

inaverydifferentposition.1)

名詞2)

介詞短語賓語補足語結構常見動詞例句Mymotheraskedmetowashtheclothes.1.We

consider

him

(to

be)

a

good

teacher.2.Ifindthestoryveryinteresting.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.todo(tobe)+n/adj.

不帶to的不定式3)4)5)advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,cause,direct,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warnconsider,

think,

believe,

discover,

find,

judge,

prove,

imagine,supposefeel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat1.Youwillfindseniorhighschooldifferentfromjuniorhighschool.2.Yourschoolworkwillbemorechallenging.3.Wewillgiveyoumoreindependence.4.Youshouldlistenmorecarefully.5.Youcanjoinaclub.6.Yourteacherswillhelpyouinmanyways.7.Youwillsucceed![][]()()()()()()()a.SVb.SVPc.SVOd.SVOOe.SVOCf.SVAg.SVOASettinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.□(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach

cb(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyoulong-termgoal.□(4)Youcankeepthelistonyourbedsidetable.□dg(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.□(6)youshouldnotgiveup.□(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.□eafTranslation.Hesawagirlinredgetonthebus.Hesawagirlinre