翻譯碩士英語模擬試卷20(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.Vocabulary2.ReadingComprehension3.WritingVocabulary1．Carbonmonoxide,funnedbytheincompletecombustionofsomecarbonaceousmaterial,hasbeena______tohumanssincethedomesticationoffire.A．hazardB．disputeC．docileD．boost對的答案：A解析：句意：由某些含碳材料的不充足燃燒產(chǎn)生的一氧化物，自從人類學會使用火以來對人類就是一種危險。hazard危險，有危險的事物。dispute爭論，爭執(zhí)。docile馴良的，溫順的。boost推動。2．Thehousebytheseahadamysteriousairof______aboutit.A．melancholyB．serenityC．seriosoD．retroject對的答案：B解析：句意：臨海的這座房子有著一種神秘的安靜氣息。serenity安靜。melancholy憂郁。serious莊重的，嚴肅的。retroject向后拋，拋回。3．Thereisonlytimeto______theplanandwewilldiscussitindetailnextweek.A．decryB．eliminateC．expoundD．a(chǎn)dumbrate對的答案：D解析：句意：現(xiàn)在我們只能大概描繪一下計劃輪廓，下周再討論細節(jié)問題。adumbrate略微地或概括地暗示。decry詆毀以貶低其價值。eliminate消除，除去。expound具體闡明，解釋。4．Catherine’smotherwas______illlastsummer,butfortunately,shewasmakingaslowbutteadyrecoveryafteranoperationwasdoneonherlung.A．definitelyB．definitivelyC．criticallyD．fatally對的答案：C解析：critically危急地(尤指病人身體狀況)；批評地。definitely明確地。deftnitively決定性地。fatally致死地。5．Whilethishealthylifestyleapproachtohealthworkedforsome(thewealthymembersofsociety),peopleexperiencingpoverty,unemploymentorlittlecontrol______theconditionsoftheirdailylivesbenefitedlittlefromthisapproach.A．toB．intoC．onD．over對的答案：D解析：controlover控制。6．Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlyshownthattheunstructuredinterview,______theinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformance.A．whomeverB．whenC．wheneverD．where對的答案：C解析：句意：非正式面試不能較好地預測面試者將來的工作體現(xiàn)。時間狀語從句，whenever指代duringtheinterview。7．ThedoctorassuredVictorthathiswifewouldcertainly______althoughshehadbeenunconsciousfor48hours.A．taketoB．cometoC．seetoD．stickto對的答案：B解析：cometo復蘇，恢復知覺。taketosth．開始喜歡。seetosth．照顧。sticktosth．粘住。8．Excusesrelievetensionbyhelping______bothsidesthatthemistakewasanaberrationthatwillnotberepeated.A．insureB．ensureC．reassureD．a(chǎn)ssure對的答案：D解析：assuresbthat使某人對某事物確信不疑或覺得必定無誤。insure保險，投保。ensure確保，確保。reassure消除某人的恐懼或疑慮，使某人放心。9．Astatictechnocraticorder,bycontrast,requiresaverydifferentsortofpersonality:adronewhodoeswhatheistoldandshunsnovelty,someonewhoavoidsfacing,or______challenges.A．composingB．proposingC．imposingD．posing對的答案：D解析：pose提出(困難或需要謹慎看待的問題)。本句體現(xiàn)“這類人按部就班，逃避創(chuàng)新，回絕面對挑戰(zhàn)或提出挑戰(zhàn)”之意。compose創(chuàng)作(樂曲，詩歌等)。propose建議，建議。impose強迫接受，把…強加于。10．WaltDisney’sboardissteppingupplanstofindanewrulertosavetheMagicKingdomandfightoffa$54billionhostile______fromComcast,theUScablegiant.A．purchaseB．bidC．offerD．merger對的答案：B解析：句意：迪斯尼董事會正在建立計劃謀求一位新的領導者，以挽救這個神奇王國和擊退來自美國電纜巨頭Comcast那不懷好意的540億美金的競價。bid為購某物的出價。purchase購置。merger合并，歸并。11．Hisstoryofrescuingtendrowningmentotallybyhimselfwas______.A．wonderfulB．incredibleC．indignantD．immense對的答案：B解析：句意：他只身一人救了十名溺水者的故事令人難以置信。incredible難以置信的。wonderful奇妙的，令人驚奇的。indignant憤怒的，憤慨的。immense巨大的，廣大的。12．Whatasadsight,withalltheshops______andthepeoplegone.A．shuttledB．shutteredC．shuttlesD．shutters對的答案：B解析：shutter關閉，關上。shuttle穿梭來回。“商店”與“關閉”之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞表被動。13．Althoughhesufferedfromdiscrimination,MartinLutherKingisamanwhobelievedinreconciliationandonlyrarely______agrudgeduringhisCivilRightsmovement.A．hecarriedB．didhecarryC．whenhecarriedD．thathecarried對的答案：B解析：以否認詞開始的句子普通使用倒裝，此句為倒裝句，構造為“否認詞+普通疑問句構造”。14．Thecommitteemembersresented______themofthemeeting.A．thepresidentthathedidnottellB．thepresidentnottoinformC．thepresident’snotinformingD．thepresidentthathefailedinforming對的答案：C解析：resent表達對……感到憤恨，使用方法為：resentsomething／(somebody’s)doingsomething。15．Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow______,particularlyinWesternEurope.A．obsoleteB．obscureC．optionalD．overlapping對的答案：A解析：obsolete過時的。obscure含糊的。optional選擇性的。overlapping重疊的。16．Mytutorfrequentlyremindsmeto______myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.A．a(chǎn)vailB．informC．a(chǎn)ssureD．notify對的答案：A解析：availoneselfofsth使用某事物，運用某事物。17．TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis______ananonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.A．everythingexceptB．a(chǎn)nythingbutC．nolessthanD．nothingmorethan對的答案：B解析：本句體現(xiàn)的意思是“每一種觀眾總是會意識到自己只是廣大觀眾中不出名、無關緊要的一員”。nothingmorethan僅僅，只但是。anythingbut決不。18．EventhoughformidablewintersarethenormintheDakotas,manypeoplewereunpreparedforthe______oftheblizzardof188A．inevitabilityB．ferocityC．probabilityD．mildness對的答案：B解析：句意：盡管可怕的冬季在達科他州司空見慣，但人們對1888年那場暴風雪的兇猛程度卻始料不及。ferocity殘暴，兇猛。inevitability必然性。probability可能性。mildness溫暖，溫和。19．It’samoderncity,fullof______towerblock.A．risingB．heavingC．a(chǎn)scendingD．soaring對的答案：D解析：句意：這是個當代都市，到處是高聳人云的大廈。soar高聳，挺立。rise上升。heave起伏，凸起。ascend上升，攀登。20．Theauthortooka______approachtothetopic.Hepresentedbothsidesoftheissueevenhandedlyanddidnotlethisownfeelingsintrude.A．dispassionateB．passionateC．disputableD．contesting對的答案：A解析：dispassionate公正的，不帶偏見的。passionate多情的。disputable有討論余地的，真假可疑的。contest爭奪，競爭。21．Thepathfollowstheriverclosely,occasionally______roundaclumpoftrees.A．divertingB．divergingC．deviatingD．deflecting對的答案：B解析：句意：這條小路沿河延伸，偶然轉向，繞過一片樹林。divert使轉向。diverge(道路、線路等)分叉，叉開。deviate背離，偏離(某事)。deflect(尤指擊中某物后)使轉向。22．Theofficialwasarrestedforinabilityto______allhisfortunehehasenjoyed.A．clarifyB．intensifyC．verifyD．justify對的答案：D解析：句意：那位官員因不能證明他全部財產(chǎn)的正當來源而被捕。justify證明…是正當?shù)摹larify闡明(立場)，澄清(真相)。intensify加強。verify證明，查證。23．Shewasextremelylucky;whenhergreat-uncledied,she______afortune.A．camebyB．cameoverC．cameintoD．cameabout對的答案：C解析：comeinto繼承(財產(chǎn))。comeby得到(某物)。comeover來到(某地)。comeabout發(fā)生。由于她的財產(chǎn)是繼承她死去的伯祖父的，因此選項C比選項A更精確。24．Thecoupledeparted______aheavyrain.A．farawayB．betweenC．inthemidstofD．a(chǎn)mong對的答案：C解析：句意：這對夫婦冒著大雨離開了。inthemidstof在…之中。25．The______ofsmokingamongwomen,formerlynegligible,hasgrowntosuchadegreethatlungcancerhasbecomethechiefcauserofcancer-relateddeathsamongwomen.A．a(chǎn)ffluenceB．ferociousnessC．impudenceD．incidence對的答案：D解析：句意：女性吸煙的發(fā)生率達成如此高度(這在以前是被無視了的)以至于肺癌已經(jīng)成為女性因癌癥有關疾病死亡的重要誘因。incidence發(fā)生率，含有影響的程度。ferocious極度的，兇猛的。affluence富裕，富足。impudence輕率，厚顏無恥。26．Ifyou______yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingthejobyouwant.A．lessenB．a(chǎn)lleviateC．moderateD．degenerate對的答案：A解析：句意：如果你減少規(guī)定，你可能會有更多機會獲得你想要的工作。lessen減少。alleviate減輕，緩和(病痛等)。moderate節(jié)制，克制，和緩。degenerate衰退，退化。27．They______sotiredifthey______forawholeday.A．wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalkB．wouldn’tfeel,weren’twalkingC．wouldn’tbefeeling,weren’twalkingD．wouldn’tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking對的答案：D解析：句意：如果他們不是走了一整天的路，他們也不會感到那么疲倦。走路是已通過去的事情，并且持續(xù)了一天的時間，用過去完畢進行時。28．Theyclimbedtothetopofthehill______theycouldgetabird’s-eyeviewofthecity.A．forfearthatB．inorderthatC．incaseD．a(chǎn)saresult對的答案：B解析：句意：為了鳥瞰都市，他們爬到山頂。inorderthat為了。forfear以免；唯恐。incase假使；以防。asaresult成果；因此。29．A______isagrowthoffeathers,furorskinalongthetopoftheheadsofsomeanimals,especiallybirds.A．crestB．crustC．crushD．crumb對的答案：A解析：從背面解釋“長在動物，特別是鳥類頭頂?shù)拿l(fā)”得知，此空為“鳥冠，羽冠”之意，填crest。crust面包皮；硬的外層。crush做名詞解，意為“擁擠的人群”。erumb碎屑。30．Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas______totheissueathand.A．irrationalB．unreasonableC．invalidD．irrelevant對的答案：D解析：句意：法官鑒定此證據(jù)不予認定，由于它與本案無關。beirrelevantto與…無關。irrational不合理的；失去理性的。unreasonable不講道理的；過分的。invalid無適宜根據(jù)的；無用的。ReadingComprehensionWhenthetelevisionisgood,nothing—notthetheater,notthemagazines,ornewspapers—nothingisbetter.Butwhentelevisionisbad,nothingisworse.Iinviteyoutositdowninfrontofyourtelevisionsetwhenyourstationgoesontheairandstaytherewithoutabook,magazine,newspaper,oranythingelsetodistractyouandkeepyoureyesgluedtothatsetuntilthestationsignsoff.Icanassureyouthatyouwillobserveavastwasteland.Youwillseeaprocessionofgameshows,violence,audience-participationshows,formulacomediesabouttotallyunbelievablefamilies,bloodandthunder,Mayhem,moreviolence,sadism,murder,Westernbadmen,Westerngoodmen,privateeyes,Gangsters,stillmoreviolence,andcartoons.Andendlessly,commercialsthatstreamandcajoleandoffend.Andmostofall,boredom.True,youwillseeafewthingsyouwillenjoy.Buttheywillbevery,veryfew.AndifyouthinkIexaggerate,tryit.Istherenoroomontelevisiontoteach,toinform,touplift,tostretch,toenlargethecapacitiesofourchildren?Istherenoroomforprogramstodeepenthechildren’sunderstandingofchildreninotherlands?Istherenoroomforachildren’snewsshowexplainingsomethingabouttheworldforthemattheirlevelofunderstanding?Istherenoroomforreadingthegreatliteratureofthepast,teachingthemthegreattraditionsoffreedom?Therearesomefinechildren’sshows,buttheyaredrownedoutinthemassivedosesofcartoons,violence,andmoreviolence.Mustthesebeyourtrademarks?Searchyourconscienceandseewhetheryoncannotoffermoretoyouryoungbeneficiarieswhosefutureyouguardsomanyhourseachandeveryday.Therearemanypeopleinthisgreatcountry,andyoumustserveallofus.Youwillgetnoargumentfrommeifyousaythat,givenachoicebetweenaWesternandasymphony,morepeoplewillwatchtheWestern.1likeWesternsandprivateeyes,too—hutasteadydietforthewholecountryisobviouslynotinthepublicinterest.Weallknowthatpeoplewouldmoreoftenprefertobeentertainedthanstimulatedorinformed.Butyourobligationsarenotsatisfiedifyoulookonlytopopularityasatestofwhattobroadcast.Yonarenotonlyinshowbusiness;youarefreetocommunicateideasaswellastogiverelaxation.Youmustprovideawiderangeofchoices,morediversity,morealternatives.Itisnotenoughtocatertothenation‘swhims—youmustalsoservethenation‘sneeds.Thepeopleowntheair.Theyownitasmuchinprimeeveningtimeastheydoatsixo’clockinthemorning.Foreveryhourthatthepeoplegiveyou—youownthemsomething.Iintendtoseethatyourdebtispaidwithservice.31．Theauthor’sattitudetowardtelevisioncanbestbedescribedas______.A．sullennessatdefeatB．reconciliationwiththebroadcastersC．righteousindignationD．determinationtoprevail對的答案：C解析：從第一段作者對電視節(jié)目的描述“wasteland”，第二段作者對其進行的一系列置疑“Istherenoroom…”，以及第三段，作者列舉的電視節(jié)目的職責和義務等，可判斷作者對現(xiàn)在的電視節(jié)目感到憤慨。選項C對的。32．Concerningprogramsforchildren,itmaybeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthatsuchprogramsshould______.A．includenocartoonsatallB．includeoneswhichprovidecultureC．bepresentedonlyinthemorningD．bepresentedwithoutcommercials對的答案：B解析：第二段，作者談到了自己對小朋友節(jié)目的見解，文中指出節(jié)目應當“提高孩子能力”，“加深對其它國家小朋友的理解”，“向他們解釋世界”，以及“專家偉大的文學作品和自由傳統(tǒng)等知識”，這些涉及到文化教育范疇，選項B對的。33．Thestatementthat“thepeopleowntheair”impliesthat______.A．citizenshavetherighttoinsistonworthwhiletelevisionprogramsB．televisionshouldbesocializedtocatertothenation’swhimsC．thegovernmentmaybuildabovepresentstructuresD．thepeopleownnothing,forairisworthless對的答案：A解析：第三段結尾部分，作者提到“thepeopleowntheair”，隨即指出“無論是在夜晚的精髓時段還是清晨，人們都擁有theair，因此廣播公司每一時刻由于占用theair，都owepeoplesomething”，最后，作者指出廣播公司償還的方式是搞好服務，由此可判斷，作者強調人們擁有天空，是暗示人們有權規(guī)定故意義的電視節(jié)目的播放，選項A對的。34．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassageinregardtotelevisionprogrammingthattheauthorbelievesA．thebroadcastersaretryingtodotherightthingbutarefailingB．foreigncountriesaregoingtopatterntheirprogramsafteroursC．thelistenersdonotnecessarilyknowwhatisgoodforthemD．sixo’clockinthemorningistooearlyforatelevisionshow對的答案：C解析：從第三段作者談到的“即使人們moreoftenprefertobeentertained，而不是被告知消息或接受激勵，但電視節(jié)目也不應只迎合大眾口味，而無視thenation’sneeds”，可判斷，作者認為許多觀眾可能不明白真正對他們有益的是什么，選項C對的。35．Theauthorbelievesthathistastesare______.A．betterthanmostpeople’sB．betterthanthoseofthetelevisionindustryC．thesameasmostpeopleD．betterthantheaveragechildren對的答案：C解析：第三段，作者談到在Western和symphony兩者間選擇時，作者相信大多數(shù)人會選擇前者，而作者自己也青睞Westernsandprivateeyes，隨即又談到即使絕大部分人都喜歡娛樂，而不是被告知消息或接受激勵，但電視節(jié)目也不應只迎合大眾口味，而無視整個國家的需要。從中可得出，作者的品味和大眾同樣，只是自己能從更高層次認識到某些問題，選項C對的。Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentoflaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,orindependentlyofanycourse—simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulatedit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimethanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.36．Accordingtothepassage,“scientificsubculture”means______.A．culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientistsB．peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimitedC．thescientificcommunityD．peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience對的答案：C解析：由第一段第三句，人們也該理解科學家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人，可知選項C為對的答案。37．Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause______.A．itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescienceB．scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlifeC．scientistsliveinaspecificsubstructureD．itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience對的答案：B解析：由第一段第二句可知。人們需要對其構造和運作有所理解，由于科學touchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife，也就是選項B的內容。38．Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho______.A．longfordeeperunderstandingofscienceB．a(chǎn)regoodatproducingvariousgadgetsC．workinastorehouseofdriedfactsD．a(chǎn)reinterestedinpopularscience對的答案：A解析：第二段首句就點出了這本書的對象是對科學一知半解的大學生和門外漢；始終把科學看作干巴巴的事實堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人；把科學的重要目的視為生產(chǎn)小配件的人；把科學視為某種魔術的人。這闡明重要為選項A中描述的人所寫，對科學理解不多而又但愿有更深理解的人。39．Accordingtothispassage,______.A．EnglishisasexistlanguageB．onlyinthisscientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidlyC．womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguageD．malenounsorpronounsshouldnotusedtorefertoscientists對的答案：D解析：文章第三段明確指出科學界婦女增多是整個社會的趨勢的構成部分。由于婦女在科學界的奉獻，因此不能再用陽性名詞或代詞去指科學界，因而這本書adoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossible。選項D為對的答案。40．Thispassagemostprobablyis___________.A．a(chǎn)bookreviewB．theprefaceofabookC．thepostscriptofabookD．theconcludingpartofabook對的答案：B解析：本文為書的前言，文章內容都是對書的介紹。bookreview書的評論。postscript書跋、書的附錄。concludingpart書的結論部分。選項A、C、D均不符合。Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescausedAccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Keaseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.Keasey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdaleandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksArm’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad”.Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified;theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.41．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?A．AnoutlineforfutureresearchB．AnexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodtermsC．AnanalysisofadisputebetweentwotheoriesD．Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry對的答案：D解析：文章列舉Piaget，Keasey，Nesdale，Rule，Darley等人的研究成果，對小朋友的是非鑒別能力這一議題進行討論。42．Accordingtothepassage,Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredwhichofthefollowingabilities?A．DifferentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharmB．IdentifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulactionC．JustifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocationD．Evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules對的答案：A解析：由上文couldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable…andunforeseeableharm可知，7個月后，小朋友會有分辨可預知和不可預知傷害行為的能力。43．Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKeaseywouldnothaveagreedonwhichofthefollowingpoints?A．ThekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommitB．TheageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharmC．TheintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharmD．Thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts對的答案：B解析：由第一段Piaget…underagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentions和Keasey…six—year-oldchildrendistinguish…可知，兩人對小朋友形成分辨能力的年紀持不同觀點。44．Itcanbeinferredthattheterm“publicduty”(para.2),inthecontextofthepassage,meanswhichofthefollowing?A．ThenecessitytoapprehendperpetratorsB．TheresponsibilitytopunishtransgressorsC．AnobligationtopreventharmtoanotherD．Theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction對的答案：C解析：由下文可知，“publicduty”意指保護別人不受傷害的責任。45．Accordingtothepassage,Keasey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?A．Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.B．Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.C．Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.D．Theyacceptmoraljudgmentsmadebytheirpeersmoreeasilythandoolderchildren.對的答案：A解析：由第一段結尾children…advanceintothesecondstageof…moralautonomy可知，在Keasey所說的年紀，即6歲時，小朋友就有了自己做出道德判斷的能力。Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsinsolitarybliss.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,Iaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexplored,andsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyonewhocanseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?Theoriginalimpactgetslost,ordiffused.“MusicIheardwithyouwasmorethanmusic.“ExactlyandthereforemusicitselfcanonlybeheardaloneSolitudeisthesaltofpersonhood.Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience.“Aloneoneisneverlonely:thespiritadventures,walkinginaquietgarden,inacoolhouse,abidingsinglethere.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,moodHumanintercourseoftendemandsthatwesoftentheedgeofperception,orwithdrawattheveryinstantofpersonaltruthforfearofhurting,orofbeinginappropriatelypresent,whichistosaynaked,inasocialsituation.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweare,andtofeelwhateverwefeelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterinahorizontalposition?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.IamlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.Thenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishhiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplants,perhaps,andlookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereaperson,byfeedingthetwocats,bycookingameal.Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountainsattheendofthefield,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood,whenIcanconverseagainwithmyhiddenpowers,andsogrow,andsoberenewed,tilldeathdouspart.46．Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenshesaysthat“visionbecomesdoublevision”inthepresenceofanotherhumanbeing(Paragraph2)?(2points)對的答案：Whenstayingtogetherwithanotherhumanbeing,mancannotcarryouthisself-retrospectionandfindoutmorehiddenpartsofhissoulbecausewhenhespeaksorbehaveshehastocaremuchaboutotherpeople’sfeelingorattitude.47．Whydoestheauthoroftenfeellonelyafteralecturetrip?(2points)對的答案：Theauthorfeelslonelyafteralecturetrip,becauseshehasbeenbusywiththetripandthelectureandthushasnochanceortimetobesolitudesoastodoself-retrospection;sheisfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.48．Whatdoyouthinkisthemainideaofthepassage?Analyzetheoverallstructureofthepassagetosupportyourself.(points)對的答案：Solitudeisagoodthing,anditprovidesusthechancetobelaunchedintotheinnerspaceandfindsomethingneworfreshinoursoul.Sopeopleshouldn’tperceivesolitudeasaterriblething.Theauthorstartstheessaybycitinganoldfriend’ssolitudeexperience,andinthesecondparagraph,shepresentedhersubjectbyaskingaserialofquestions,thenitcomestothepoint“solitudeisagoodthing”.Inthefollowingthreeparagraphs,theauthorstatesherpositiveopinionsonsolitude;theninthenextfewparagraphs,theauthordistinguishessolitudefromlonelinessandex