完閱專項中考特訓一、完形填空

素養:文化意識

話題:環保

難度:中

建議用時:7分鐘[2021南京中考]Whatdoesthewordecologymean?Itwas1byErnstHaeckel,aGermanbiologist.HejoinedtwoGreekwords:oikos,meaning"house",andlogie,meaning"thestudyof".Togethertheymean"thestudyofthehouse".The"house"Haeckelhadinmindisour2,theEarth.TheEarthishometoalllivingthings—humans,animals,plants,andeventinymicrobes.

Tostudyahouseistolearnhowitsresidents(居民)useit.Anecologistisascientistwhostudiesthe3betweenorganisms(生物)andtheirenvironment.Theenvironmentisanorganism’ssurroundings.Itmay4water,gases,rocks,andtemperature.

Ecologistsalsostudythebalanceofusingtheenvironmentwhileprotectingit.Anecologistonceaskedaboy5hethoughtitmeanttoprotecttheenvironment.

1.A.proved B.invented

C.marked D.accepted2.A.planet B.building

C.project D.surface3.A.feeling B.relationships

C.distance D.competitions4.A.pollute B.control

C.include D.reduce5.A.who

B.whose

C.why

D.whatTheboysaid,"Yougointotheforestandlookforsomebodywhowantstocutdownatree.Youtakeawayhisaxe.Youtellhimabouthow6treesare.Yousaytheyaregoodfornaturalbeauty,savingsoil,andgivingsheltertobirdsandotheranimals."

"Goodanswer,"saidtheecologist,"7itmaynotbeeasytofindawoodcuttertotalkto.Also,rememberthatsometimesit’s8tocutdownatree.Ifwecutdowntoomanytrees,theforestwilldisappear.Ifwedon’tcutdownanytrees,wewon’tgetanyresourcesfromtheforest.Wehavetofindtheright9."

"Igetit,"theboysaid."Weneedtheforest’s10forwoodandpaperorwemightnothavedesksornotebooksforschool."

"Exactly—andschoolisagoodplacetolearnaboutecology,"addedtheecologist."Thenyouwillknowhowtoprotectthenaturalenvironment."6.A.wild

B.common

C.wealthy D.important7.A.but

B.and

C.so

D.or8.A.comfortable B.tiring

C.impossible D.necessary9.A.mystery B.temperature

C.balance D.symbol10.A.soil

B.resources

C.landscape D.wildlife答案

【解題導語】本文從ecology一詞的由來引入話題,通過一位生態學家和一個男孩的對話告訴我們要找到利用環境和保護環境之間的平衡。1.B根據設空后的"HejoinedtwoGreekwords:oikos,meaning‘house',andlogie,meaning‘thestudyof'"可知,恩斯特·?？藸杽撛炝诉@個詞,故所缺的詞是invented"創造,發明"。2.A根據設空后的"theEarth"可知,所缺的詞是planet"星球"。3.B根據上下文可知,生態學家是研究生物與其環境之間關系的科學家,故所缺的詞是relationships"關系"。4.C根據設空后列舉的內容可知,此處是說,環境包括水、氣體、巖石以及溫度,故所缺的詞是include"包括"。5.D根據第五段中男孩的回答可知,此處是生態學家問男孩他認為保護環境意味著什么,故所缺的詞是what。6.D根據設空后的"Yousaytheyaregoodfornaturalbeauty,savingsoil,andgivingsheltertobirdsandotheranimals"可知,此處是說,你告訴他樹木有多重要,故所缺的詞是important"重要的"。答案7.A根據設空前的"Goodanswer"和設空后的"itmaynotbeeasytofindawoodcuttertotalkto"可知,此處應用表示轉折關系的連詞but。8.D根據下文中的"Ifwedon'tcutdownanytrees,wewon'tgetanyresourcesfromtheforest"可知,有時候有必要伐木,故所缺的詞是necessary"必要的"。9.C根據第三段中的"thebalanceofusingtheenvironmentwhileprotectingit"以及第六段中的"Ifwecutdowntoomanytrees...Ifwedon'tcutdownanytrees"可知,此處是說,我們必須找到合理的平衡,故所缺的詞是balance"平衡"。10.B根據第六段中的"Ifwedon'tcutdownanytrees,wewon'tgetanyresourcesfromtheforest"可知,我們需要從森林資源中獲取木材和紙張,故所缺的詞是resources"資源"。二、閱讀理解

素養:語言能力

話題:保護動物

難度:中

建議用時:7分鐘[2020荊門中考]DoyouknowaboutPsephurusgladius(白鱘)?It’saChinesepaddlefishknownasthe"kingofallnationalfreshwaterfish".However,itisannouncedthattheChinesepaddlefishlivingintheYangtzeRiverhasbecomeextinct(滅絕的).ApaperfromScienceoftheTotalEnvironmentshowsthatthelargestfreshwaterfishinChinamighthavegoneextinctbetween2005and2010.WeiQiwei,authorofthepaper,saidinSeptember,2019,someexpertssupposedthatthefirst-classprotectedfishhadbeenextinctalready.TheChinesepaddlefishwasabout2to3meterslongandcouldgrowlongerthan7meters.Thefishhadlivedontheearthfor15millionyears.Thelatestdiscoveryofthefishwasmadein2003.Scientistshelpedthefishtoreturnandtriedtotrack(追蹤)it.Unluckily,aboataccidentcausedthetrackingeffortstofail.Sincethen,nodiscoveryhasbeenreportedandnosuchfishhasbeenkeptincaptivity(圈養)."TheChinesepaddlefishwassobigthatitwashardtoraiseincaptivity,"Weisaid.Between1984and1993,heoncetriedtosavefourfish,butonlyonestayedaliveandreturnedtotheriver.Theextinctionofthefishhascalledpublicattentionaspeopleexpressedsadnessoverthedeath,hopingendangeredanimalswouldbebetterprotectedsothatfuturegenerationscouldseethem.FromJan.1,2020,Chinabegana10-yearfishingban(禁令)onimportantareasoftheYangtzeRivertoprotectbiodiversity(生物多樣性)inChina’slongestriver.1.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat

.

A.theChinesepaddlefishwashuntedtoomuchinthepastB.theChinesepaddlefishwasthelargestfreshwaterfishintheworldC.theChinesepaddlefishcouldgrowtobeover7metersinlengthD.theChinesepaddlefishhasneverbeenseensofar2.WhathappenedaftertheboataccidentmentionedinParagraph3?A.Thefishlostitslife.

B.Scientistsfailedtotrackthefish.C.Somescientistssavedthefish.

D.Thefishwaskeptincaptivity.3.Whycouldn’ttheChinesepaddlefishberaisedincaptivity?A.Becauseofitslivinghabits.

B.Becauseofitslargesize.C.Becauseofitsspecialdiet.

D.Becauseofthehighcost.4.What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowpeople’ssadnessaboutthefish’sdeath.B.Toexplainhowthefishdiedout.C.Tocallonpeopletoprotectanimals.D.Tointroduceafirst-classprotectedfish.答案

【解題導語】

由于環境污染,很多動物處于極大的危險中,成為瀕危動物。文章通過介紹白鱘的處境,希望大家能夠提高保護動物的意識。1.C細節理解題。根據第三段中的"TheChinesepaddlefishwasabout2to3meterslongandcouldgrowlongerthan7meters"可知,白鱘大約2-3米,但是有的也可以長到7米多長。

2.B細節理解題。根據第三段中的"Unluckily,aboataccidentcausedthetrackingeffortstofail"可知,航船事故導致白鱘追蹤失敗。3.B細節理解題。根據第四段中的"TheChinesepaddlefishwassobigthatitwashardtoraiseincaptivity"可知,白鱘很難圈養是因為體積太大。4.C寫作意圖題。根據最后一段中的"Theextinctionofthefishhascalledpublicattentionaspeopleexpressedsadnessoverthedeath,hopingendangeredanimalswouldbebetterprotectedsothatfuturegenerationscouldseethem"可知,這種魚的滅絕吸引了大眾的注意,希望大家保護這些瀕危動物,因此作者寫作本文是為了呼吁大家保護動物。【長難句解讀】

Theextinctionofthefish

hascalled

publicattention

aspeopleexpressedsadnessoverthedeath,

主語

謂語部分

賓語

原因狀語從句

hopingendangeredanimalswouldbebetterprotected

sothatfuturegenerationscouldseethem.

伴隨狀語

目的狀語從句這種魚的滅絕已經引起了公眾的注意,因為人們對于(魚的)死亡表達了悲傷,同時希望瀕危動物將被更好地保護,以便將來的一代代可以見到它們。

三、任務型閱讀

素養:文化意識

話題:環境保護

難度:難

建議用時:8分鐘[2020陜西中考]Let’ssayyouaretakingawalkalongtheroadandyouhappentoseeoneortwowastebottleslyingonthegrassbesidetheroad.Whatwouldyoudo?Youmayhavedifferentchoices.Firstly,youcanleavethebottlesthereastheyare.Itwasnotyouwhothrewthemaway.Whyshouldyoudosomethingaboutit?ThisisquiteOK.Secondly,youcanpickthemupandthrowthemintoadustbin(垃圾箱).Bydoingthis,youhavewalkedastepfurthertohelpmakeourhomeclean.Thisactionisabetterchoice.Thirdly,youmightwanttopickthemupandgivethemtoanoldmanorwomanwhocollectswasteforaliving.Ifthisisyourchoice,youhavewalkedevenfurther.You’renotonlythinkingaboutdoingsomethingfortheenvironment,you’realsodevelopingyourselftobeapersonwhowouldthinkofothersandhelpthem.Asforyoungkids,theymayalwayshavesuchaquestion:"WhendoIgrowup?"Yes!Whendoesachildgrowup?Andhowcanakidknowheorshehasgrownup?Theseareinterestingquestions.Asforus,fifteen-year-olds,whoarefinishingmiddleschool,we’renolongeryoungerchildren.Weshouldknowwhetherornotwehavegrownup.Whenwestarttohaveasenseofofferingahelpinghandforacleanercityandgreenerworld,andwhenwehavealovinghearttothinkmoreofothersthanofourselv