Lesson36AChanceinaMillion百萬之一的機會Listentothetapethenanswerthequestionbelow.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。Whatwasthechanceinamillion?Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.Inthenineteenthcentury,anovelistwouldbringhisstorytoaconclusionbypresentinghisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences--mostofthemwildlyimprobable.Readershappilyacceptedthefactthatanobscuremaidservantwasreallythehero'smother.Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,wasreallyaliveallthetimeandwickedlyplottingtobringaboutthehero'sdownfall.Andsoon.Modernreaderswouldfindsuchnaivesolutiontotallyunacceptable.Yet,inreallife,circumstancesdosometimesconspiretobringaboutcoincidenceswhichanyonebutanineteenthcenturynovelistwouldfindincredible.WhenIwasaboy,mygrandfathertoldmehowaGermantaxidriver,FranzBussman,foundabrotherwhowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyearsbefore.Whileonawalkingtourwithhiswife,hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.Aftertheyhadgoneon,Mrs.Bussmancommentedontheworkman'scloseresemblancetoherhusbandandevensuggestedthathemightbehisbrother.Franzpouredscornontheidea,pointingoutthathisbrotherhadbeenkilledinactionduringthewar.ThoughMrs.Busssmanfullyacquaintedwiththisstory,shethoughtthattherewasachanceinamillionthatshemightberight.Afewdayslater,shesentaboytotheworkmantoaskhimifhisnamewasHansBussman.Needlesstosay,theman'snamewasHansBussmanandhereallywasFranz'slong-lostbrother.Whenthebrotherswerereunited,Hansexplainedhowitwasthathewasstillalive.Afterhavingbeenwoundedtowardstheendofthewar,hehadbeensenttohospitalandwasseparatedfromhisunit.ThehospitalhadbeenbombedandHanshadmadehiswaybackintoWesternGermanyonfoot.Meanwhile,hisunitwaslostandallrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed.Hansreturnedtohisfamilyhome,butthehousehadbeenbombedandnooneintheneighbourhoodknewwhathadbecomeoftheinhabitants.Assumingthathisfamilyhadbeenkilledduringanairraid,Hanssettleddowninavillagefiftymilesawaywherehehadremainedeversince.Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語credulousadj.輕信的improbableadj.不大可能的obscureadj.不起眼的maidservantn.女仆，女傭presumev.假定wickedlyadv.心眼壞地，居心叵測地plotv.密謀downfalln.倒臺，垮臺naiveadj.天真的unacceptableadj.不能接受的conspirev.(事件)巧合促成incredibleadj.難以置信的scornn.嘲弄，挖苦acquaintv.使了解reunitev.使團聚assumev.假定，認為參考譯文我們不再像以往那樣輕易相信別人了。在19世紀，小說家常在小說結(jié)尾處給讀者準備一系列的巧合——大部分是牽強附會，極不可能的。當時的讀者卻愉快地接受這樣一些事實，一個低賤的女傭?qū)嶋H上是主人公的母親;主人公一位長期失散的兄弟，大家都以為死了，實際上一直活著，并且正在策劃暗算主人公;如此等等，現(xiàn)代讀者會覺得這種天真的結(jié)局完全無法接受。不過，在現(xiàn)實生活中，有時確實會出現(xiàn)一些巧合，這些巧合除了19世紀小說家外誰也不會相信。當我是個孩子的時候，我祖父給我講了一位德國出租汽車司機弗朗茲。巴斯曼如何找到了據(jù)信已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。一次，他與妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下來與一個工人交談，接著他們繼續(xù)往前走去。巴斯曼夫人說那工人與她丈夫相貌很像，甚至猜測他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗茲對此不屑一顧，指出他兄弟已經(jīng)在戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡了。盡管巴斯曼夫人熟知這個情況，但她仍然認為自己的想法仍有百萬分之一的可能性。幾天后，她派了一個男孩去問那人是否叫漢斯.巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料，那人的名字真是漢斯.巴斯曼，他確實是弗朗茲失散多年的兄弟。兄弟倆團聚之時，漢斯說明了他活下來的經(jīng)過，戰(zhàn)爭即將結(jié)束時，他負傷被送進醫(yī)院，并與部隊失去聯(lián)系。醫(yī)院遭到轟炸，漢斯步行回到了西德。與此同時，他所在部隊被擊潰，他的所有檔案材料全部毀于戰(zhàn)火。漢斯重返故里，但他的家已被炸毀，左鄰右舍誰也不知原住戶的下落，漢斯以為全家人都在空襲中遇難，于是便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下來，直至當日。筆記Newwordsandexpression生詞和短語學習詞匯時僅知道漢語語義是不夠的，要把單詞放在語句中體會其應用學習關鍵句結(jié)構是則要把它放在段落結(jié)構或文章里credulousadj.輕信的(多修飾人)區(qū)分credible:可信的,可靠的,多修飾事物eg.Thestoryhetoldusiscredible.incredulous/incredible反義詞believable以已知事實為根據(jù)eg.Hedemandedforbelievableexplanation.(反)unbelievableimprobableadj.不大可能的obscureadj.1)不起眼的，不出名的eg.Thebusstoppedatanobscurelittletown.2)令人費解的notclearlyAnobscurefigurecanbeseenthroughthefog.模糊不清的通過大霧我們可以看到模糊不清的身影.vague:多用于比喻意,指不明確說明而造成的模糊不清eg.whathesaidisvague.maidservantn.婦女仆,女傭presumev.假定takesth.astrue經(jīng)常用的表達方式presumethat根據(jù)過去的經(jīng)驗或感覺作出推斷assume與事實不相符合eg.Letusassumethatyourwordsarefact.suppose最普通的用詞猜想\陳述自己的看法Isupposethatitwasmyfault.wickedlyadv.心眼壞地,居心叵測地plotv.密謀一人或多人秘密謀劃傷害他人.eg.Thecriminalswereplottingtorobthebank.conspire眾多人合謀做重大的犯法勾當猶指反叛scheme某人暗中設計狡詐的手段來謀求自己的私利eg.Themanisschemingforpower.圖謀奪權.本文中conspire指事件巧合促成eg.Theweatherandcartroubleconspiretospoilourvacation.downfalln.倒臺,垮臺naiveadj.天真的unacceptableadj.不能接受的conspireincredibleresemblancen.相似的likenessbearastrongresemblancetosb.orsth.haveacloseresemblancetosb.orsth.eg.Thegirlbearsastrongresemblancetohersister.sucharesemblanceresemble關注“新標準英語”,免費同步輔導，免費海量資源likeness最普通的用語,比resemblance意味要強resemblance特別是指外觀或外在性質(zhì)的相似similarity性質(zhì)\物色\程度的相似similartosth.sb.scornn.嘲弄,挖苦短語pourscornonpourcontemptonpourridiculeonpourheapeg.Hepouredscornonhiswife'ssuggestion.lookdownupon瞧不起，蔑視辨析：thinkscornofcontempt:蔑視,強烈譴責某人或某事低賤\卑鄙,語氣強于scorndespite語氣較弱,表示嘲弄Hissuggestionwasdismissedwithscorn.Hisfaceshowedthescorn/despitehefelt.acquaintv.使了解beacquaintedwithsth.eg.Ihavebeenacquaintedwiththesecret.acquaintsb.withsth.acquaintsb.ofsth.makeapersonacquaintedwithsb:介紹某人同另一個人認識Letmemake...acquaintedwithyou.acquaintance熟人reuniten使團聚assumev.假定,認為Text課文achanceinamilliononechanceinathousand可能性小eg.Itisachanceinamilliontomeetyouhere.在這兒見到你可真是不容易呀----HeletoutascreamthatmustcanbeheardinPeru.典型的夸張,目的是加強語氣Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.這是明顯現(xiàn)在與過去的對比eg.Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.我們不再像以前那樣輕信于人了。are表示現(xiàn)在的情況/usedtobe過去的情況eg.Wearenotsohonestasweusedtobe.我們不像過去那么誠實了.謂語動詞是be動詞的時候用usedtobe,而不用usedto謂語動詞是使役動詞的時候用usedtoeg.Heworkslesshardthanheusedto.Inthenineteenthcentury,anovelistwouldbringhisstorytoaconclusionbepresentinghisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences–mostofthemwildlyimprobable.19世紀的小說家通過給讀者們提供一系的巧合事件結(jié)束…..破折號后面的語句是對前作者的一個觀點。Them指一系列的巧合而其中大部分的巧合事件發(fā)生的機率是極小的bringsth.toaconclusion結(jié)束eg.Theydecidedtobringthemeetingtoaconclusion.bringsth.toaclose(比較正式的)eg.Itwas...whobroughtmeetingtoaclose.presentsb.withsth.給某人提供…presentsth.tosb.Readershappilyacceptedthefactthatanobscuremaid-servantwasreallythehero’smother.Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,wasreallyaliveallthetimeandwickedlyplottingtobringaboutthehero’sdownfall.wickedlyplottingto…------居心叵測的密謀把這個英雄搞下臺來……bringabout:產(chǎn)生,引起eg.Modernsciencehasbroughtaboutgreatchangesinlife.Andsoon.Modernreaderswouldfindsuchna?vesolutionstotallyunacceptable.現(xiàn)在的讀者已經(jīng)不愿意接受這樣的結(jié)尾findsuchnaivesolutionstotallyunacceptable覺得這種解決辦法很天真不能夠被接受findsth.interesting覺得什么有意思findsb.beautiful覺得某人漂亮Yet,inreallife,circumstancesdosometimesconspiretobringaboutcoincidenceswhichanyonebutanineteenthcenturynovelistwouldfindincredible.*牢記此句do—加強語氣,reallyAGermantaxi-driver,FranzBussman,recentlyfoundabrotherwhowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyearsbefore.whowasthought…….who所引導的定語從句修飾brotherWhileonawalkingtourwithhiswife,hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.Aftertheyhadgoneon,Mrs.Bussmancommentedontheworkman’scloseresemblancetoherehusbandandevensuggestedthathemightbehisbrother.hewasonawalkingtour………..省略了hecommentonsth就...作出評論\評價--remarkonBussman夫人對工人作出評價說長得和他的兄弟很像，甚至暗示說就是他的兄弟…eg:Ican'texplainhowitisthatheisstillhere.beseparatedfrommakeone'swayFranzpouredscornontheidea,pointingoutthathisbrotherhadbeenkilledinactionduringthewar.ThoughMrs.Bussmanwasfullyacquaintedwiththisstory,shethoughtthattherewasachanceinamillionthatshemightberight.…..她認為有百萬分一的機會證明她所說的是正確的……..Afewdayslater,shesentaboytotheworkmantoaskhimifhisnamewasHansBussman.Needlesstosay,theman’snamewasHansBussmanandhereallywasFranz’slong-lostbrother.Whenthebrotherswerere-united,Hansexplainedhowitwasthathewasstillalive.……explainedhowitwas…..漢斯解釋說他依舊活著是怎么一回事。Afterhavingbeenwoundedtowardstheendofthewar,hehadbeensenttohospitalandwasseparatedfromhisunit.ThehospitalhadbeenbombedandHanshadmadehiswaybackintoWesternGermanyonfoot.Makeone’sway…力盡艱辛……….Meanwhile,hisunitwaslostandallrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed.Hansreturnedtohisfamilyhome,butthehousehadbeenbombedandnooneintheneighbourhoodknewwhathadbecomeoftheinhabitants.Assumingthathisfamilyhadbeenkilledduringanair-raid,Hanssettleddowninavillagefiftymilesawaywherehehadremainedeversince.………allrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed….他所有的資料都被毀掉了becomeof:happento:發(fā)生遭遇\不幸的事件,多用于疑問句,主語必須是what或whatevereg.Whateverbecameofthatgirl?Pleaseexplainwhatbecameofyouyesterday.用assuming,而不用presuming:主觀上的臆斷\無事實根據(jù)的Multiplechoicequestions多項選擇1、Whatwouldamodernreaderfindtotallyunacceptableinanoveltoday?答案d—Havingforaheroamanoncepresumeddead.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容知道現(xiàn)在的讀者是不能接受一些巧合的事件2、WhenMrs.BussmansuggestedthattheworkmanmightbeFranz’sbrother答案c—Franzwassosurehisbrotherwasdeadhedidnottakeherseriously.3、WhatdidHansBussmandoimmediatelyafterthewarwasover?答案c—Heinquiredafterhisfamily’swhereaboutsbutfoundnotraceofthem.背熟(打探某人的情況,但是沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何蹤跡)4、-hisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences…wildlyimprobable.(lines3-6)答案b—whichwouldbemost5、Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,hadnotinfactdiedand…tobringaboutthehero’sdownfall.(lines8-12)答案d—hadbeenwickedlyplotting.6、Hestopped…(line25)答案a—inordertotalktoaworkman7、Shesentaboytoasktheworkman…(lines25-26)答案b—whathewascalled8、Meanwhilehisunitwaslostand…h(huán)adbeendestroyed.(lines31-32)答案b—everyrecordofhis(他所有的記錄都被毀掉了)9、-whowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyears…(lines18-19)答案d—previouslypreviously:before同義完成時的標志10、MrsBussmantoldherhusbandthatheandtheworkman…(lines20-21)答案c—lookedveryalikelook表示人的外貌\長相應該采用復數(shù)形式lookalike看起來像11、-therewasthe…chanceshemightberight.(lines24-25)答案a—remotestremote既表示"遙遠\偏僻的",也表示"微弱的",特別用來修飾chance12、-howithad…thathewasstillalive.(lines28-29)*答案d—comeaboutcomeabout:happen多用于疑問句,尤其是Howdoesitcomeaboutthat?結(jié)構中補充：一、詞組標題：achanceinamilliononechanceinathousand可能性小lesscredulousnotsogullible不怎么輕信于人(殆無可能)weusedtobewewere像我們往常那樣bring……toaconclusion:bring……toanendtoaclose把……告一結(jié)束presenting(sb.)withoffering(sb.)with給（人）以aseriesofatrainof一系列wildlyimprobableextremelyabsurd荒誕不經(jīng)，十分荒唐waspresumedwassupposed人們以為allthetimeallthewhile一直plottingtoconspiringto圖謀bringabout(one's)downfall=bringabout(one's)failure把（人）搞垮，叫別人日子不好過andsoonandsoforth,等等，諸如此類的事conspiretobringaboutconspiretowards不期而然地發(fā)生，導致……許多事湊在一起，引起了，合力促成wasthoughttohave原來人們認為已經(jīng)wasbelievedtohaveonawalkingtour徒步旅行onawalkingexcursionstoppedtotalkto停下來然后向……講話=stoppedwalkingandtalkedtocommentedonmadeobservationson置評，評論closeresemblancetogreatlikenessto酷像pouredscornonscoffedat嘲笑pointingoutthatindicationclearlythat明白指出，說道……killedinactionfalleninbattle陣亡wasacquaintedwith熟知，熟悉wasfamiliarwithneedlesstosay不用說itgoeswithoutsaying,itisamatterofcoursehowit