關(guān)系代詞1、關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它代表先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分，例如：

Thegirltowhom

Ispokeismycousin.跟我講話的姑娘是我表妹。（該句中whom

既代表先行詞thegirl，又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。）

2、關(guān)系代詞有主格，賓格和屬格之分，并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語從句中，that

可指人也可指物，

見表：

指人指物指人或物主格whowhichthat賓格whomthatthat屬格whosewhose/ofwhichofwhich/whose例如：

Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.這就是那個折了尖的鉛筆。

(whose指物，在限定性定語從句中作定語)

Hecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.他回來取他丟下的書。

（which指物，在限定性定語從句中作賓語，可以省略）

★關(guān)系代詞的用法

1、關(guān)系代詞的句法功能

1）關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語

例如：Iprefermusicthat/whichhasgreatlyrics

2）關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語

例如：IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.

3）關(guān)系代詞在句中作表語

例如：Thehouseisnottheone(that)itusedtobe.

2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作名詞的定語

例如：Isshetheteacherwhosehairisveryshort?

3、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1）who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定語從句中作主語、賓語，whom

在定語從句中作賓語。Whom在從句中能坐介詞的賓語，而who則不能。

例如：Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(who/whom)Igottoknowataparty

intheshoppingcenteryesterday.

2）whose的用法：一般指人，有時(shí)也指物。在定語從句中作定語。

例如：IhavegotafriendwhosebrotheristrainingfortheOlymoics.

3）which的用法：一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、偶爾作定語。

例如：ThephotowhichwelikedbestwastakenbyZhaoMin.

4）that的用法：指人或物，指人時(shí)可與who、whom互換，指物時(shí)可與that互換。在

從句中可作主語、賓語，還可作表語。

例如：Itisabook(that/which)noonereallylikes.

4、用who不用that的情況

1）先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)

例如：Congratulationstoourwinnersandthankstoeveryonewhoentered

thecompetitions.

2）先行詞指人并含有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時(shí)

例如：Theboywascryinghardwholosthiswaywhilelookingforhismother.

3）用在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。

例如：Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.

4）避免重復(fù)或引起歧義。

例如：ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohasjustcomefromShanghan.

5）當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(shí)（常用語諺語之中）。

例如：Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.

6）先行詞如是指成員的集體名詞，關(guān)系代詞也用who。

例如：Thefamily,wholiveupstairs,arefondofmusic.

7）先行詞如是擬人化名詞，關(guān)系代詞也可用who。

例如：Youwillseetheworkerants,whogatherfoodforthemselvesandforalltheothers.

8）先行詞指特定的人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用who，不指特定的人時(shí)多用that。

例如：Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’ssister.

Peoplethathavenotbeenproperlytrainedcan’tdothiskindofqork.

5、在以下情況中，關(guān)系代詞用that

1）先行詞為all,little,few,none及some-,any-,no-與thing所組成的復(fù)合單詞時(shí)，只能用that。

例如：Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.

2）先行詞前有only,some,any等形容詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。

例如：Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.

3）先行詞前由形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。

例如：ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.

4）先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)，只能用他和她，

例如：LuXunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.

6、只能用which不能用that的情形

1）當(dāng)非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which

例如：Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.

2）關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which

例如：Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.

3）先行詞本身就是that時(shí)

例如：Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.

7、介詞與關(guān)系代詞

1）與關(guān)系代詞搭配的介詞的確定

（1）依據(jù)定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。

Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.

（2）依據(jù)先行詞的某種下滾搭配來確定。

I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.

（3）根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思確定。

Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.

（4）在英語中有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，關(guān)系代詞前也加上介詞。

Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuyapiano.

2、關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞的位置

1）關(guān)系代詞whom，which在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。為了

使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的詞，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。

Theoldmanwhomthenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.

2）含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動詞的后面。

Isthisthewatchwhichheislookingfor?

3）關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放在它的前面，只能放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。

Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway?

4）關(guān)系代詞whose也可以在從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起作介詞賓語。

Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.

3、“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)常見的形式有：名詞one/two/some/many/the+最高

級…+of+which/whom。

Ihavetwosisters,bothofwhomareteachers.NAME:DATE:RelativePronounSubjectObjectPossessiveHumanwho,thatwho,whom,that,Φwhose,ofwhomNonhumanswhich,thatwhich,that,Φwhose,ofwhich用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的的定語從句Thisisthethief(that/who/whom)wearelookingforthesedays.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasefindaroomwhichisbigenoughforallofustolivein.關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況1)先行詞是all,theonly,thevery,no,any,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞。Eg1.Allthathesaidistrue.Eg2.Heistheonlyforeignerthathascomehere.2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞thefirst,second,third,four,thelast或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。Eg.Shewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾的詞。Eg.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.4)先行詞又有人又有物的時(shí)候。Eg.Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.先行詞為way時(shí)的限定性定語從句由that,inwhich,Φ引導(dǎo)。Eg1.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspoke.=Idon’tlikehowyouspoke.Eg2.Thewayinwhichhespoketouswassuspicious.先行詞指人，關(guān)代只能用who的情況先行詞是one,ones,anyone。Eg.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.先行詞是those。Eg.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere..先行詞指物，關(guān)代只能用which的情況1)非限定性定語從句Eg.Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.2)介詞后Eg.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)一般用who指人，that指物。Eg1.Doyouknowthewomanwhoisweepinginthecorner?Eg2.Donottellmeanywordsthathavenothingtodowithme.關(guān)系代詞作從句的賓語時(shí)，常用which或whom,且關(guān)系代詞常常省略。Eg.Iwasinvitedbythehost(whomImet)atJoe’shouse.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句Eg.關(guān)系代詞在定從中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschoolwhichheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面，必須用which或whom，而當(dāng)介詞移到句尾時(shí)，可以用that或who。Eg.ThisistheroominwhichMissLioncelived.=ThisistheroomwhichMissLioncelivedin.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞后面。Eg.Lookfor,lookafter,takecareofEg.ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Eg1.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Eg2.Chinahasalotofislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.限定性定語從句遇非限定性定語從句限定性定從對被修飾的先行詞有限定作用，使該詞更具體明確，不能省略，否則主句句意不完整。非限定性定從對被修飾的先行詞作附加說明，不起限定作用，可以省略，主句句意仍完整。Eg1.Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.(限)Eg2.ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.(非限)Eg3.Shesangasong,whichwelikedverymuch.(非限)Eg4.TheEnglishparty,whichwasheldinourschool,wasgood.(非限)·MultipleChoice1-5DDDDA6-10BABAC11-12DC1.Thethief(_______stolethebicycle)hasbeencaught.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.thatorwho2.Showmetheroad_______leadstotherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.thatorwhich3.He(_______doeshisbest)shouldberewarded.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whoorthat4.Mygrandfather(_______Iloved)isdead.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom5.Kalidas,_______wrotesomefinedramasinSanskrit,isoftencalledtheShakespeareofIndia.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whoorthat6.Heisarogue(_______noonetrusts).A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which7.Thatboy(_______youseethere)singsverywell.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whomorthat8.Coal,(_______isaveryusefulmineral,)isfoundinmanypartsofIndia.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whoorthat9.John(_______singsverywell)ispopularamongthegirls.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whoorthat10.Weboughtsomeapplesfrom_______weextractedthejuice.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseIhavetwogrammarbooks,_______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.bothofthatC.eitherofwhichD.bothofwhichThisisoneofthebestfilms____________.thathavebeenshownthisyearwhichhavebeenshownthisyearthathasbeenshownthisyearwhichhasbeenshownthisyearTheonlything_______wecandonowistokeepcalm.thatTheflowers(_______youboughtyesterday)wereplacedinthebedroom.that/whichItisoneofthebestfilms_____Ieverseen.thatThegirl(____issittingunderthebigtree)isMary’scousin.whoHehasadog(_____canrunveryfast).which/thatMaryhasanuncle_____storeisinTaipei.whoseIstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers(_____IvisitedinLondonyearsago).whomThelady(_____washerelastweek)ismybestfriend.who/thatABiteofChinaisthemostfunnyone(______Ihaveeverseen).thatTommycouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheboy(______madehimafoolinthewholeofclass).whoMyneighboristheman(____T-shirtisred).whoseHefailedintheexamination,_____madehisfatherveryangry.whichHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons______theyrememberedinAmerica.thatSomeoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.whichIknowaman(_____doesn’tworkveryhard).whoIdon’tlikeanimals_____havefourlegs.which/thatThestudents(_____cametoschoollate)havetostandoutside.·CombinethesentencesShelikesthestudent.

Thestudentgavesomeflowerstoher.Example:Shelikesthestudentwhogavesomeflowerstoher.1.Idon’tknowtheman.

ThemanistalkingtoMary.Idon’tknowthemanwhoistalkingtoMary.ThemanthatIdon’tknowistalkingtoMary.2.Themanismyfather.

Themanisreadinganewspaper.Themanwhoisreadinganewspaperismyfather.3.TheboyisTom.

Theboylikestotalkinclass.Theboy(that/wholikestotalkinclass)isTom.4.Takethepencils.

Thepencilsareinmypencilbox.Takethepencilswhichareinmypencilbox.5.Ihaveaclass.

Theclassbeginsat8:00inthemorning.Ihaveaclassthatbeginsat8:00inthemorning.6.Theballisred.

Theballisunderthetree.Theballthat/whichisunderthetreeisred.7.Ireadthebook.Thebookisaboutanimals._Ireadthebookthatisaboutanimals.小試牛刀，看看你掌握了關(guān)系代詞的用法嗎？Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom2.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which3.Thebooktellsstori