Unit21/79單元總結Wordsflow,debate,decrease,appreciate,recycle,arrest,absorb,consume,soil,drill,operate,tax,fuel,bush,belief,spokeswoman,goods,queue,pump,customs,madam,responsibility,crop,credit,arrival,consultant,blanket,feather,fence,tortoise,administration,conservation,flood,vehicle,carbon,2/79Wordsdioxide,satellite,carbondioxide,climate,engine,plant,decade,conflict,typhoon,greedy,petrol,low-carbon,environmental,oxygen,businessman,rawmaterial,illegally,particular,raw,willing,quantity,illegal,pipe,electrical,clap,impress,measure,duty,production,seafood,range3/79Expressionsopenthefloor,useup,underway,cutbackon,runout(of),letoff,queueup,cleanup,resultin,in/withregardto,inparticular,dealwith,relyon,doone’spart,pickout,amountsof,throwaway,beconcernedabout/for/over/at,atthesametime,keep...inmind,inuse,cutdown,turnoff,4/79Expressionshidefromone’sresponsibilities,see...as...,payahighpricefor,takesteps,put...indanger,blamesth.onsb.,makespacefor,lastbutnotleast,keepon,askaround,bemeanttodosth.,replaceAwithB,pickup,havealongwaytogo,ratherthan,belikelytodosth.5/79Patterns1.倒裝句(介詞短語+be+主語)2.Sth.isleftforsb.todo.3.It’sourdutytodosth.4.It’sclearthat...5.findsb.+形容詞6.Whatif...?7.Thereisnodebatingthat...8.with復合結構9.nor+系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語10.Itwouldbeashameif...6/79Patterns11.the+形容詞比較級...the+形容詞比較級12.Therearetimeswhen...13.It’sone’sresponsibilitytodosth.14.There’snodoubtthat...15.Sth.needstobedone/needsdoing.16.upon/on(doing)sth.Grammar1.V-ing形式用作形容詞或副詞2.V-ing短語7/79知識清單8/791．

n.&vi.辯論；爭論，討論2．

n. 產量；生產3．

vt.&vi.回收利用4．

adj.貪婪，貪心5．

n. 數量6．

n. 商品，貨物7．

n.&vt.逮捕debateproductionrecyclegreedyquantitygoodsarrest單詞(一)基本單詞9/798．

vi.&n.沖突；矛盾9．

v.&n.降低10．

n. 辦法，方法；尺度

vt. 測量；估量，判定11．

n. 范圍；一系列；山脈vi.(在一定范圍內)改變；排列，排序；包含12．

n. 氣候13．

vt.吸收；了解；使全神貫注14．

n.十年conflictdecreasemeasurerangedecadeclimateabsorb10/7915．

n.經濟；經濟體→

adj.經濟16．

n.顧問→

v.咨詢，請教；參考，查閱→

n.咨詢；參閱；顧問工作17．

n.責任，職責

→

adj.負責任18．

adj.環境→

n．環境economyeconomicenvironmentalenvironmentconsultconsultancyresponsibilityresponsibleconsultant(二)派生單詞11/7919．

adj.愿意，愿意→

adj.不愿意，不愿→

n.&v.意愿20．

n．到來，抵達；抵達者

→

v．抵達21．

adv.非法地→

adj.違法，非法→

adj.(反義詞)正當22．

vt.使印象深刻→

n．印象

→

adj.給人印象深刻willingunwillingwillarrivalarriveillegallyillegallegalimpressimpressionimpressive12/7923．

n．(對自然環境)保護→

v．保護24．

vt.觀賞，贊賞；感激；領會→

n.觀賞；感激25．

adj.電，用電；與電相關→

n.電；電力→

adj.電，電動，有電26．

vt.消耗，花費；消費→

n．消費27．

adj.專指，特指；考究，挑剔→

adv.尤其地conservationconserveappreciateappreciationelectricconsumptionelectricalelectricityparticularparticularlyconsume13/791．

自由講話2.

造成3．

降低，削減，縮減4．

用盡5．

用完，耗盡6．

清掃(或去除)潔凈7．

排隊等候8．

找出，挑選openthefloorresultincutbackonuseuprunout(of)cleanupqueueuppickout短語14/799．

處理問題10．

處于危險中11．

進行中12．

關于，至于13．

排放14．

尤其，尤其15．

滿足感16．

盡自己職責dealwiththeproblemsindangerunderwayin/withregardtoletoffinparticularasenseofsatisfaction

doone'spart15/79◆【句析】本句為_____句。1.WithmeareMsLinShuiqing,fromtheGreenSociety,andMrQianLiwei,abusinessdevelopmentconsultant.倒裝句式16/792.Whilewedamageourenvironment,wekeepproducingmoreandmorepeoplewhoneedmorelandtoliveonandmorefoodtoeat!◆【句析】此句是一個_____句。復合17/793.Theworld’spopulationhasgrownbysixtimeswhatitwasin1800.◆【句析】此句是一個倍數表示句型，whatitwasin1800相當于一個名詞。18/794.It’sourdutytotrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.◆【句析】此句是一個______句。復合19/79◆【句析】此句是一個_____句。5.MsLinsuggestedweshouldcutbackonthequantityofthingsweproduceinordertosavetheenvironment.復合20/79核心要點21/791.debaten.

___________v.__________

辯論；爭辯，爭論，討論辯論；爭辯，爭論，討論【歸納】⑴debatesth.withsb.

和某人爭論某事⑵debate＋wh-疑問詞＋不定式

討論……；思索，盤算⑶beyonddebate無可爭辯，毋庸置疑⑷underdebate在討論中單詞22/79①Idon’twishto_____________________you.

我不想就我看法同你辯論。②Whetherthematterdamageshealthiscurrentlystill___________.

當前對這種物質是否會損害健康一說仍處于爭論之中。③Thetruthofthisnewsstoryis_________.

這則新聞報道事實，無庸置辯。debatemyopinionswithunderdebatebeyonddebate【利用】23/792.thefloor

__________

講話權如：Aftertheyeachhadsaidafewwords,ProfessorWhitetookthefloor.

他們各自說了幾句話后，懷特教授開始講話。

【歸納】askforthefloor要求講話權get/havethefloor得到講話權takethefloor講話，參加討論24/79如：HewatchedTVwhile(hewas)eating.他邊吃邊看電視。【拓展】whileconj.即使……

，盡管……(表示讓步)

conj.然而,卻（表示對比轉折)

n.（一點兒）時間，一會兒3.whileconj.

__________

當……時候；在……期間25/79①WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.

盡管我愿意幫忙，但我沒有太多時間。②Ionlyearn￡50aweek,whileheearns￡80.我一周只賺50英鎊，他卻賺80.③Theychattedforawhile.他們聊了一會兒。【利用】26/794.quantityn．__________

數量；大量，大批【歸納】⑴inquantity大量地⑵inlargequantities/amounts大量地⑶quantitiesof許多/大量……⑷aquantityof許多/大量……27/79①Theyaimat__________________________.

他們目標在于提升質量而不是增加數量。②It'scheapertobuygoods______________________________.

大批量購貨較廉價。③Alarge_______________________inthereservoir.

水庫存了大量水。④Quantities____________onthetable.

桌上擺了大量食物。qualityratherthanquantityinquantity/inlargequantitiesquantityofwaterisstoredoffoodwere【利用】28/795.arrestn.

___________v.__________

逮捕；拘留逮捕；吸引【歸納】⑴arrestsb.for因……而逮捕某人⑵getarrested遭逮捕⑶arrestone’sattention引發注意⑷underarrest被捕⑸makeanarrest進行拘捕29/79①GaoXiaosong_________________fordrunkdriving.

高曉松因為醉駕而被捕了。

②Herbeauty_____________________andweallstaredather.

她漂亮吸引了我們注意，我們都盯著她看。③Hewas____________________becauseofthemurder.

因為謀殺，他被捕了。got/wasarrestedarrestedourattentionarrested/underarrest【利用】30/796.measuren．___________v.__________

link.v._________

【歸納】⑴takemeasurestodosth.采取辦法做某事⑵

make...toone’smeasure

依照某人尺寸做……⑶measuresth.bysth.用……來衡量……⑷(sth.)measure+量詞

量起來……辦法，方法；尺度測量；估量，判定(指尺寸、長短、數量等)量度為31/79①Thetailormade______________________.裁縫量了我尺寸準備為我做套新衣服。②Weshould________________________toimproveourteaching.

我們應該采取適當辦法提升教學質量。③It'shardto__________________whenwehaven'tseenhiswork.沒有見過他作品，極難預計他能力。anewsuittomymeasuretakeappropriatemeasuremeasurehisability【利用】32/79④He_________________toseeifitwaslongenough.他量了那根繩子看是否夠長。⑤Theintervalbetweenthetwotrees________________.這兩棵樹間隔是40英尺。measuredtheropemeasures40feet33/797.rangen.

___________v.__________

【歸納】⑴in/withinrangeof在……范圍內⑵

outofrangeof

超出……范圍⑶

arangeof

一系列⑷rangefrom...to... 從……到……改變⑸

rangebetween...and...

在……范圍內變動范圍；一系列；山脈；射程(在一定范圍內)改變；包含；排列，排序；分類34/79①Theshipcame______________________.那條船進入火炮射程之內。②Thejobdealswith_____________responsibilities.這項工作包括職責范圍很廣。③Prices___________5dollarsto10dollars.

價格自五美元至十美元不等。④Itcame_______________ofvision.

該物體進入了我視野。withinrangeofthegunsawiderangeofrangedfromwithinmyrange35/798.appreciatev.__________

觀賞，贊賞；重視；感激；領會；意識到【歸納】⑴appreciatesth.觀賞/感激/了解某物⑵

appreciate(one’s)doingsth. 感激(某人)做某事⑶

Iwouldappreciateitif...

假如……，我會感激不盡【拓展】appreciationn. 觀賞，感激，了解haveappreciationfor

觀賞，感激36/79①I_________________________inthematter.我很觀賞你在這件事上表現出來寬大胸懷。②We’d_________your_______asfastaspossible.假如您能盡快離開，我們將不勝感激。③I’d______________youwouldn'tmentionit.假如你不提它，我會很感激。appreciateyourgenerosityappreciateleavingappreciateitif【利用】37/799.absorbv.__________

吸收(氣體、液體、熱、光等)；了解；使全神貫注【歸納】⑴absorbone’sattention吸引某人注意力⑵beabsorbedin...全神貫注于……38/79①Plants__________________thesun.植物吸收太陽能量。②Sheseemedtotally_____________herbook.她好像完全被這本書迷住了。absorbenergyfromabsorbedin【利用】39/79類似動詞有：increase,rise,climb等。【利用】①Salesofnewcarsinthatcountry

_________20percentthisyear.那個國家今年新車銷售量增加了百分之二十。②Thepricehas___________anunbelievablenumber.

價格攀升到令人難以置信水平。1.growby

__________growto__________

凈增了grewby增加到increasedto短語40/792.cutbackon

__________

【歸納】⑴cutacross走捷徑

⑵cutout切除，剪掉⑶cutin插進來說，插嘴，干預

⑷cutoff切斷，停掉，隔絕⑸cutdown削減，砍倒

⑹cutup切碎削減，縮減41/79①Tryto___________foodscontainingtoomuchfatandsugar.

要盡可能少吃脂肪和糖份含量過高食品。②Iwas________inthemiddleofthetelephonecall.

我話講了二分之一，電話中止了。③He________thetreeand__________forfirewood.

他把樹砍倒，并把它劈成燒火用小塊。cutbackoncutoffcutdowncutitup【利用】42/793.runout(of)__________

用完，耗盡【歸納】⑴runout

用完，耗盡⑵runoutof

用完，耗盡⑶giveout

用完，耗盡；分發，散發出⑷useup

用完，耗盡⑸wornout

筋疲力盡；穿破，磨壞43/79runoutrunoutofgiveoutuseupwornout用完，耗盡不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等及物動詞短語，其主語普通為人用完，耗盡分發，散發出穿破，磨壞及物動詞短語及物動詞短語,其主語普通為人不及物動詞短語，其主語通常是物用盡,精疲力竭用完，耗盡用完，耗盡不及物動詞短語，其主語通常是物不及物動詞短語，其主語普通為人44/79辨析:runout,runoutof,giveout,useup,wornout①Hisworkwassoexactingthatbytheendofthedayhewas__________.②Wehadjustreachedthemotorwaywhenthepetrol__________________________.③Wecan’t________________allthenaturalenergywithnothinglefttoournextgeneration.④Hisstrength_________afterheranthatlongdistance.ranout/wasusedup/gaveoutuseup/runoutofgaveoutwornout45/79◆【句析】本句為_____句。主語是_______________________________，句首withme作________。1.WithmeareMsLinShuiqing,fromtheGreenSociety,andMrQianLiwei,abusinessdevelopmentconsultant.MsLinShuiqingandMrQianLiwei倒裝表語句式46/79◆因為句子主語很長，而表語部分相對較短，為了防止句子頭重腳輕采取了倒裝結構。如：1)Herearesomebooksdonatedbythestudentsofourschooltothosewhoarelivinginthemountains.2)Goneare

thedayswhenteachersarelookeddownupon.

47/792.Whilewedamageourenvironment,wekeepproducingmoreandmorepeoplewhoneedmorelandtoliveonandmorefoodtoeat!◆【句析】此句是一個_____句。While引導一個___________；主句中又含有一個______who引導__________;動詞不定式toliveon與toeat，分別作land和food________。復合時間狀語從句關系詞定語從句定語48/79◆動詞不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾詞后，往往表示未發生動作。(動詞為不及物動詞時，要加上對應介詞)①Ihavealotof___________.

我有許多事要做。②Therewas_______________homethatmorning.

那天早上（他回家時）兩手空空。

③I’dlikeapieceof__________________.

我要一張紙來寫。worktodonothingtobringpapertowriteon49/793.Theworld’spopulationhasgrownbysixtimeswhatitwasin1800.◆【句析】此句是一個倍數表示句型，whatitwasin1800相當于一個名詞。50/79●主語+謂語+by+倍數,表示增加多少倍。e.g.Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年糧食產量增加了4倍。●主語+謂語+倍數+what從句e.g.Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin.今年產量是年三倍。◆倍數表示方式：51/79●主語+謂語+倍數+thesize/amount/length/width/height…+of…

e.g.

Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球49倍。●主語+謂語+倍數+as+adj./adv.+as。e.g.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我東西有你三倍那么多。52/79●主語+謂語+倍數（分數）+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than…。e.g.Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年糧食產量增加8%。53/79Thenewbuildingisfourtimestheheightoftheoldone.這座新樓是那座舊樓四倍高。Translation：Thenewbuildingisfourtimesashighastheoldone.Thenewbuildingisfourtimeshigherthantheoldone.54/794.It’sourdutytotrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.◆【句析】此句是一個______句。wemakeandbuy為_______從句，修飾限定先行詞___________。It是_____________。復合things形式主語定語55/79Translation:照料好這些被遺棄狗是我責任，而且我以為這值得我付出。It’smydutytolookafterthedeserteddogsandIfeelitisworthmyefforts.56/79◆【句析】此句是一個_____句。suggested后接一個省略______________從句，從句中things后接一個______從句，省略了關系詞___________。5.MsLinsuggestedweshouldcutbackonthequantityofthingsweproduceinordertosavetheenvironment.賓語復合that定語that/which57/79語法V-ing形式作形容詞和副詞常見使用方法小結

一、V-ing形式作定語

假如句中V-ing形式用來單獨修飾名詞，則常前置（如：Thedancinggirlismyclassmate.）。假如修飾名詞是V-ing短語，則該短語通常被放在其所修飾名詞之后(如：Whoistheboyansweringtheprofessor’squestion?)。58/79在這兩種情況下，V-ing形式或V-ing短語都能夠改為定語從句。如：Thedancinggirlismyclassmate.可改為Thegirlwhoisdancingismyclassmate.二、V-ing形式作表語

V-ing形式作表語時，句子主語經常是“物”而不是“人”。變為V-ing形式動詞經常是一些表示感情動詞，如：interest,frighten,terrify,surprise,worry,excite,please等。59/79當句子被翻譯成漢語時，常把V-ing形式譯成“令人……”（如：a.ThestorytoldbyLiHuaisveryinteresting.b.Whenheisangry,hisfacegetsfrightening.）。三、V-ing形式作賓語補足語（如：a.Suddenlyheheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.b.Theywatchedchildrenswimmingintheriver.）60/79

為了使句子意思完整，英語中有些及物動詞后除了要求跟有賓語外，還要求跟有賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語一起被叫做復合賓語。用V-ing形式作賓語補足語，強調賓語補足語動作正在發生或延續。能接V-ing形式作賓語補足語動詞有兩類：一類是感官動詞，如：feel,hear,see,notice,watch,observe,catch,find等；另一類是使役動詞，如：have,get,leave,keep,start,send,set等。61/79四、V-ing形式作狀語

V-ing形式或者V-ing短語作狀語通慣用逗號把它和謂語動詞分開，表示時間、原因、伴隨情況等。1.表示“時間”。相當于由when,while等引導時間狀語從句。有時連詞when,while等能夠保留使用（如：Whenwalkingalongthestreet,hemetLiuPing,hisoldschoolmate.）。62/792.表示“原因”。相當于由because,since,as引導原因狀語從句(如：Beingpoor,thefathercan’taffordtosendhissontocollege.)。3.表示“條件”。相當于由if引導條件狀語從句（如：Workinghard,you’llsucceed.）。4.表示“結果”。相當于一個結果狀語從句，這時V-ing形式或V-ing短語常放在句子主干之后（如：Hiscarwasstuckinatrafficjam,causinghimtobelate.）。63/795.表示“讓步”。相當于由“though/although/nomatter+疑問詞”引導讓步狀語從句，這些連詞有時保留使用（如：Havingwalkedsomanymiles,hesaidhewasn’ttiredatall.）。6.表示“伴隨情況”。慣用V-ing形式普通式，置于句子后部，且有逗號分開(如：Thechildrenranoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.)。64/79【練習園地】依據漢語，用V-ing形式或V-ing短語完成以下句子（每空一詞）。1.他邊看報紙邊吃早飯。Helookedthroughanewspaper____________________.2.假如你等一會兒，你可能會看見他。_______________________,you’llprobablyseehim.whilehavingbreakfast

Waitingforamoment

65/793.即使他知道了這一切，他還是讓我向他道了歉。______________allthis,hestillmademeapologizetohim.4.他躺在草地上，凝望著天空沉思。Helayonthegrass,__________________and_______.5.他讓她一直在外面等。Hekepther____________.Thoughknowing

staringattheskywaitingoutside

thinking66/796.這部電影比我所看過其它任何一部電影都更令人激動。Thisfilmis_________________anyotherfilmthatI’veeverseen.7.睡在小床上這個男孩是我弟弟。Theboy__________________________ismyyoungerbrother.moreexcitingthan

sleepinginthesmallbed67/79鞏固練習68/791.Weusuallym______theenergythatfoodprovidesincalories.2.Manyspecialistshopsareexpensiveandofferaverylimitedr____ofclothes.3.Wearebeginningtounderstandthattwoofthemostimportantresourcesworthconservingareenergyandr___materials.I.依據以下各句句意及所給單詞首字母或漢語提醒，寫出該單詞正確形式（每空限填一詞）。measurerangeraw69/794.Westoodinthecustomsq_____thatday,graspingpassportsinsweatyhands.5.WorldWideFundforNatureistheworld’slargestindependentorganisationfornaturec___________.6.Asweallknow,plantsa_____mineralsandothernutrientsfromthesoil.7.Somepatientsexperienceaslowdeclineintheirhealthastheeffectivenessofthedrugsgraduallyd_______.queueconservationabsorbdecreases70/798.Iftwoideas,beliefs,opinionsetcc_____,theycannotexisttogetherorbothbetrue.9.Myadviceisthatyoushouldbuyvegetablesinsmallq________,fortheygorottenveryquickly.10.Giventhatpollutionlevelsrelateto_____(燃料)consumption,privatecarsandtaxisarealsothegreatestpolluters.11.Aftersometime,Ibeganto________(體會)thedifficultiesmyfatherhadfaced.12.Thechanceto______(討論)thesubjectwithinthecommunitywasrejected.conflictquantitiesfuelappreciatedebate71/79II.用方框內所給短語適當形式填空（每個短語限用一次）。ratherthan,underway,keep...inmind,cutbackon,keepon,useup,pickout,pickup72/791.I’mdelightedthatmystoryhasbeen__________asthebestbythejudges.2.WhatIwanttote