課時提能練(五)必修1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroA：知識層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空A(考查派生詞)Hillerreceivedhis1．education(educate)inBritain.Inhis2．youth(young),hisambitionwastohelpblacksgain3．equality(equal),freedomandjustice.Atthattime,deliberate4．cruelty(cruel)toblackswascommon.Hehimselfwitnessedmuch5．violent(violence)behaviourtoblacks.Withhis6．guidance(guide),blackpeoplefoughtfortheirhumanrightsina7．peaceful(peace)manner.Heworkedveryhardandhis8．devotion(devote)tohiscareerwonhimgreathonour.B(考查動詞)Ladiesandgentlemen,it'stimeforus9．tovote(vote)tochoosethestarinourcommunity.OnecandidateiscalledAmy.10．Havingdevoted(devote)mostofhertimeandeffortto11．educating(educate)deafchildren,she12．hasbeenrewarded(reward)withmanytitles.TheothercandidateisTommy,ananti-terroristexpert.Hehasmanagedtopreventterroristsfrom13．attacking(attack)publicplaceslikehospitalsandschoolsseveraltimes.OK.Nowlet'sbegin.C(考查句型)Recentyears14．haveseen(see)atendencyinChinathattourismisgrowingfast.15．Sincemorepeoplearetravellingtoplacesofinterest,wesuddenlyfindourcountryinasituation16．wherewelacktop-qualitytourismservices.Forexample,thefirst17．timeIwenttovisitDali,YunnanProvince,Iwasbadlytreatedinahotel.It'swidelyacceptedthat18．onlybyimprovingthequalityofservicecanweensurethehealthydevelopmentoftourism.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯(短文中有5處錯誤)Bettywillhaveaninterviewnextweek,andshehasbeenworriedaboutitfordays.Tokeepherselffreelyfromanxiety,sheconsultedapsychologistthisafternoon,ofwhomshewasquitefamiliar.Thepsychologistjokedthatsheshouldhavecontacthimearlier.Hesaid,“Themostvitalthingisthatyoumustbelievedinyourselves.Ahotbathbeforesleepmayhelptofightagainstnegativeemotionsuchasworriesanddepression.”【答案】Bettywillhaveaninterviewnextweek,andshehasbeenworriedaboutitfordays.Tokeepherselfeq\f(freely,free)fromanxiety,sheconsultedapsychologistthisafternoon,eq\f(of,with)whomshewasquitefamiliar.Thepsychologistjokedthatsheshouldhaveeq\f(contact,contacted)himearlier.Hesaid,“Themostvitalthingisthatyoumustbelievedineq\f(yourselves,yourself).Ahotbathbeforesleepmayhelptofightagainstnegativeeq\f(emotion,emotions)suchasworriesanddepression.”Ⅲ.根據提示補全句子1．你要想在音樂舞臺上出名是很難的，因為競爭非常激烈。Itisdifficulttomakeanameforyourselfontheconcertstage，wherethecompetitionissofierce．2．我們生活在這樣一個時代：機器做了以前由人做的工作。Wearelivingatatimewhenmachinesdoworkwhichmenusedtodo.3．只有在獲得大量資料后，才有可能籌劃載人的火星之旅。OnlywhenagreatdealofinformationhasbeenobtainedwillitbepossibletoplanamannedtriptoMars.4．這部相機在他第一次使用時就散架了。Thecamerajustcameapartthefirsttimeheusedit．5．經過他的窗前時，我看見他正在寫作業。WhenIwentbyhiswindow，Isawhimdoinghishomework．B：能力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·北京市高考適應性測試)Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl，fromarefugee(難民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia，planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego'sCityHeightsneighbourhood，DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks，anddidn'tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid，likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool，shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute，recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork，readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatthescholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”【語篇解讀】Deka是一個出生在難民家庭里的黑人女孩，8歲時受母親的影響意識到了知識的重要性，從此樹立了夢想。高中化學課激起了她對科學的興趣，增強了她的自信心。通過努力她最終取得了成就。1．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat________．A．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhardD[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“...shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.”可知，她的經歷激勵著她成為今天這樣一個有干勁的年輕科學家，故D項正確。]2．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation________．A．fromhermother'sexperienceB．afterherchemistryclassC．byreadingbooksinthelibraryD．throughworkingattheinstituteA[細節理解題。根據第四段前兩句可知，在Deka8歲時，她的母親為養活全家，通過重返校園學習獲得了一份工作，這讓Deka意識到教育能對一個人的生活有影響，故A項正確。]3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe________．A．patient B．confidentC．ambitious D．generousB[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Deka的告誡語(不要低估自己，不要告訴自己獎學金目標太高遠，或這個計劃太有競爭力，也不要告訴自己永遠進不了這個學校)可推知，她建議學生要有自信，故B項正確。]4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.D[寫作意圖題。本文主要講述了黑人女孩努力奮斗最終成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告訴我們努力可以帶來成功，故D項正確。]B(2020·廣州市高三年級階段訓練題)Let'sbeginwiththestory：KingHierocontractstheancientGreekpolymathArchimedes(阿基米德)todetectfraudinthemanufactureofagoldencrown.Archimedesacceptsthechallengeand，duringasubsequenttriptothepublicbaths，realizesthatthemorehisbodysinksintothewater，themorewaterisdisplaced—makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume.RealizinghehashituponamethodtodeterminewhethertheKing'scrownwasmadeofgoldorsilver，theyoungGreekleapsoutofthebathandrusheshomenakedcrying“Eureka!Eureka!”Or，translated:“I'vefoundit!I'vefoundit!”Toobad，however，Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthewordinthatway.Firstandforemost，Archimedeshimselfneverwroteaboutthisepisode，althoughhespentplentyoftimedetailingthelawsofbuoyancy(浮力)．Theoldestauthorityforthenaked-ArchimedeseurekastoryisVitruvius，aRomanwriter，whoincludedthetaleinhisintroductiontohisninthbookofarchitecture.“Vitruviusmayhavegottenitwrong，”saysChrisSchmitt，amathematicianandaself-describedArchimedes'fan.“ThemethodattributedtoArchimedesinthestoryworksintheorysoitsoundsright，butwhenyouactuallytryit，youfindthattherealworldgetsintheway.”Infact，Schmittisoneofalonglineofscientists，includingGalileo，whohavereadtheaccountandthought，“Thatcan'tberight.”AsGalileowrote，Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale.Infact，thesurfacetension(表面張力)ofwatercanmakethevolumeofalightobjectlikeacrownimmeasurable.“Theremaybesometruthtoit，”Schmittadds.“Archimedesdidmeasurethevolumeofthingsbuttheeurekamomentwasmaybeduetohisoriginaldiscoveryconcerningbuoyancy，notaboutsittinginthebathtubandthenrunningthroughthestreetsnaked.”MuchlikeNewton'sapple，theexclamationpersistsbecauseoftheenduringpowerofthestory:agoldencrown，alifebeinginthebalance，anakedmathematician.Thesuspectfoundationsoftheeurekamomenttakenothingawayfromtheword'sabilitytouniquelyandconciselyconveytheflashofinspiration.【語篇解讀】阿基米德在浴室中發現浮力定律的故事廣為流傳，但根據科學家的發現，該故事應該不是真實的。5．Accordingtothefirstparagraph，howwouldArchimedesmeasurethevolumeofthecrown?A．Hewouldweighhimselfwithandwithoutthecrown.B．Hewouldweighthecrownfirstandthenputitintowater.C．Hewouldgotothepublicbathswearingthecrownonhishead.D．Hewouldmakethecrownsinkintowaterandmeasurethewaterdisplaced.D[推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“makingthedisplacedwateranexactmeasureofhisvolume”可推知，阿基米德會將王冠沉到水里面，然后通過排水量來測量王冠的體積，故選D。]6．WhatdidGalileoprobablythinkofthenaked-Archimedeseurekastory?A．Hebelievedtheword“eureka”wassaidinanothersituation.B．HesuspectedArchimedesdidn'trunthroughthestreetnaked.C．HedoubtedArchimedescarriedouttheexperimentindependently.D．HethoughtArchimedeswouldnothaveusedthemethoddescribed.D[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“AsGalileowrote，Archimedescouldhaveachievedafarmorepreciseresultusinghisownlawofbuoyancyandanaccuratescale”可推知，伽利略認為，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一個更為精確的結果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故選D。]7．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Theword“eureka”isstillwidelyusedtoday.B．Theword“eureka”isnowaformalscientificterm.C．Mostpeopleaccepttheauthenticityoftheoriginalstory.D．PeoplearestillinspiredbytheachievementsofArchimedes.A[推理判斷題。根據畫線句子的句意“eureka時刻的不可信的根據絲毫沒有減弱這個詞獨特、簡明地表達靈感閃現的能力”可推知，eureka這個詞直到今天仍被廣泛使用，故選A。]8．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．TointroducethefamousscientistArchimedes.B．Toexaminethecredibilityoftheeurekastory.C．Toexplainhowtheword“eureka”wascreated.D．Tourgepeoplenottousetheword“eureka”anymore.B[寫作目的題。作者在第一段用廣為人知的阿基米德在浴室發現浮力定律的故事來引出話題，第二段接著表明了論點“Archimedesprobablyneverutteredthewordinthatway”，第三段和第四段的內容支撐了該論點，最后一段進行了總結，所以B項正確。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2020·湖北省部分重點中學第一次聯考)Boundbymannersandcommoncourtesy(禮貌)，youcanfinditdifficulttowalkawayfromaconversationwithoutseemingrude.Withthehelpofetiquette(禮節)experts，wehavesomesolutionstoyoursocialscares.Nexttimeyoufeeltrapped，rememberthesetips.1No，thismovedoesn'thavetoinvolvethrowingoneofyourfriendsunderthebus.Youcanintroduceyourconversationalpartnertoanindividualwithacommoninterestorqualityandhopethattheylikeeachother.AccordingtoetiquetteexpertJodiSmith，“Thesimplestwaytoleavesomeonewhoisoccupyingyourtimeatapartyistopullsomeoneelseintotheconversation.2”Tellthepeopleyou'veenjoyedspeakingwiththem.Ifyouracquaintancecan'ttellthatyou'reeagertoleave，trysummarizingyourconversationinthehopethatyourexchangewillcometoanaturalend.AccordingtoJenniferGrant，acertifiedEtiquetteCoach，youcanpolitelysay，“Beverly，Ihaveenjoyedspeakingwithyouverymuchandifyouwillexcuseme，Ihavejustseenacolleague/friendthatIneedtospeakwith.”3It'ssimpleenoughtohavegoodmanners，whichiswhyyoushouldstopmakingtheseetiquettemistakesbyage30．4Ifyou'respeakingwithsomeoneatapartyornetworkingevent，youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner.5Orask，“Haveyouseentheballroomdownstairsyet?Iwasdownthereearlieranditwassofestive(歡樂的)．Youshouldgototakealook！”Thismethodofendingaconversationwillworkbestateventswithmanyinteractiveelements，suchasweddingpartiesorconventions.A．Trytofindanothertopic.B．Suggestanactivitytotheotherperson.C．Thisisasolutiontoallyourproblems.D．Bringsomeoneelseintotheconversation.E．Afterabriefintroductionofbothspeakers，youarefreetoexcuseyourself.F．Afarewellsuchasthisonewillmaketheotherpersonfeelappreciatedandrespected.G．Forexample，say，“Hey，youshouldgototrythepuddinginthekitchen—they'redelicious！”【語篇解讀】在社會交往中，我們需要注重禮儀，因此不失禮貌地從一個談話中脫身有一定的難度；文章就此給出了相應的建議。1．D[根據空處所在位置可知，空處為該段的小標題。通讀該段內容可知，該段表述的是通過把另一個人拉進你們的談話中來擺脫正在與你談話的人。這與D項“讓其他人參與到談話中來”表述一致。故選D。]2．E[根據空前一句可知，在聚會上，要想離開占用你時間的人，最簡單的方法就是把其他人拉進談話中，據此可推知，E項表述的“你可以簡單地介紹談話雙方，之后你就可以離開了”與此處匹配。]3．F[空前一句表述的是如何在表達自己很享受與對方的談話之后，尋找理由客氣地請求離開。這與F項中的“Afarewellsuchasthisone”表述連貫、一致。故選F。]4．B[空處為該段的小標題。根據該段第一句中的“youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner”(你可以向你的談話對象建議一些活動)以及該段給出的例子可知，該段講述的是你可以向對方推薦一項活動，這樣你就可以從中脫身離開。故選B。]5．G[根據空前的“youcansuggestactivitiestoyourconversationalpartner”以及空后的“Orask”可知，該空與后面一句是作者列舉的兩個向與你談話的人推薦可以做的事情的例子。故G項與此處匹配，銜接上下文。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2020·江西省五校協作體上學期模擬)Mostofusholdtheview1．，scientistshavediscoveredthatbrightpinkistheoldestknowncolor.Theylookedatbillion-year-oldrocksdeepbeneaththeSaharaDesert.2．________(make)powderfromtherocks，thentheyfoundabrightpinkcolor.DrNurGueneli3．________camefromtheAustralianNationalUniversityledtheresearch.Shesaidit4．________(produce)byancientorganisms(有機體)thatlivedintheoldocean.Atthattime，tinyorganismswere5．________largestlifeformsontheearth.DrGuenelisaidherfirst6．，itturnedpink.Anotherresearchersaid，“DrGuenelicameintomyofficeand7．________(show)thisbrightpinkmaterial，saying‘Lookatthis.Itturnedouttobearealcolor，billionyearsold’．”Therockscouldcontainothercolors，fromabloodredtoadeeppurple.Gueneliaccounted8．________theimportanceofherfindings.Shesaid，“Imagineyoucouldfindafossilizeddinosaurskinthatstillhas9．________(it)originalcolor—greenorblue.Thatis10．________(actual)thetypeofdiscoverythatwe'vemade.”【語篇解讀】大部分人認為世界上最古老的顏色是黑色或者深灰色，但是令人意外的是，研究證明，已知的最古老的顏色是亮粉色。1．that[考查同位語從句。根據語境并分析句子結構可知，空處引導的從句解釋說明theview，作同位語，空處在句子中不作句子成分，僅起到連接作用，應填that。]2．Havingmade[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處和句子謂語found之間沒有連詞，故此處應是動詞的非謂語形式。此外，動詞make和句子主語they構成邏輯上的主謂關系，并發生在謂語found之前，故用現在分詞的完成時形式。]【易錯點撥】本題考生易忽略動詞make和謂語found之間的先后關系，直接填現在分詞making。3．who/that[考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾表示人的先行詞DrNurGueneli，所以填who或that。]4．wasproduced[考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句