考點06定語從句中關系代詞主要用法+高考重點詞匯積累+長難句分析核心考點梳理一、高考重點詞匯積累核心單詞1.determinationn. 決定；決心2.desperateadj. 不顧一切的；極度渴望的；令人絕望的3.dilemman. 窘境，困境，進退兩難4.dignityn. 莊重，莊嚴；尊貴，高尚5.deadlinen. 最后期限，截止日期6.debaten.&v. 討論，辯論7.distinguishvt. 區別；辨別8.devotionn. 奉獻，奉獻精神9.declinev. 拒絕，謝絕；下降10.decorationn. 裝飾，修飾11.disastern. 災難；禍患12.defeatvt. 擊敗；戰勝13.delayv.&n. 延誤，延遲，耽擱14.deliberatelyadv. 故意地，蓄意地，存心地15.delicateadj. 易損的，易碎的16.disciplinen. 紀律，懲罰17.delightedadj. 高興的，快樂的18.delivervt. 投遞(信件，郵包等)19.destinationn. 目的地，終點；目標20.departuren. 離開，出發21.diploman. 畢業文憑；學位證書22.descriptionn. 描述，描寫23.desertn. 沙漠vt. 舍棄；遺棄24.deservevt. 應受(獎、罰)，值得，應得25.discouragevt. (使)氣餒；打消(做……的念頭)重點短語curesbofsth 治好某人的病accusesbofsth 指控某人某事cheatsbofsth 騙取某人某物informsbofsth 通知某人某事convincesbofsth 使某人相信某事robsbofsth 搶劫某人某物cutdown 削減；砍倒cutin 插話；干預cutup 切碎；齊根切掉cutout 刪除cutthrough 開辟cutoff 切斷；中止；隔絕datebackto/from追溯到；自……存在至今gobackto 追溯到uptodate 最近的；最新的outofdate 過時的dependon/upon 依靠；依賴，取決于relyon/upon 依靠；依賴Thatdepends./Italldepends. 視情況而定。endwith 以……結束endin 落得……的下場；以……而告終cometoanend 結束；告終；完結makeendsmeet 量入為出intheend 最后，結果bytheendof 截止到……為止二、高考閱讀理解長難句分析26.Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecavesfearingthattheremightbewildbeastslyinginwaitforher.【句式翻譯】拉拉沿著回洞穴的路走著，聽到狼群在森林里嚎叫，她的步伐加快了，擔心會有野獸在等者伏擊她。【句式分析】本句是復合句，that引導賓語從句，Havingheard和fearing…在句中作狀語。【詞語點撥】1)acceleratev.加快，加速Inordertocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvancedworldlevelswe’llhavetoaccelerateourspeed.要趕超世界先進水平，我們還得快馬加鞭。Sunshine,freshair,andrestoftenaccelerateaperson'srecoveryfromsickness.陽光、新鮮空氣和休息常會促使病人早日康復。2)lievi.平躺；位于（lay,lain）；撒謊（lied,lied）；n.撒謊Thefactoryliestothewestoftown.工廠在小鎮的西邊。Davidfelttired,sohewentandlaydownforarest.戴維感到疲勞，所以去躺下休息了。HisbookslayopenonthedeskwhenIwentin.我進去時，發現他的書平攤在書桌上。Richardwasn’ttellingthetruth.Hewaslying.理查德沒講實話，他在撒謊。Theonlywaytomeetthemanageristolieinwaitforhimasheleavesoneofhismeetings.找到這個經理的唯一辦法是，等著他從會議結束出來。【語法點撥】現在分詞作狀語：=1\*GB3①現在分詞doing所代表的動作或狀態與謂語動詞是同時或幾乎是同時發生的，可以作時間、原因、方式、條件、結果、目的、讓步、伴隨等狀語。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。如：Rushingoutofthehouse,hewasknockeddownbyacar.他一沖出屋子就被一輛車撞倒了。MycousinwenttoShenzhen,hopingtofindajobthere.我表兄去深圳了，希望在那兒找份工作。Thechildfell，strikinghisheadagainstthedoor.小孩摔了一跤，頭在門上碰了一下。Inthelastfewyears,thecountryhashadahardtime,sufferingseveralkillerquakes.過去幾年里，這個國家經歷了艱難的時期，遭受了幾次致命的地震。Beingspring,theflowersareinfullbloom.因為是春天，所以花都盛開著。=2\*GB3②有些分詞作狀語，沒有邏輯上的主語，已成為習慣用法：considering,judgingfrom,talkingof,allowingfor(考慮到),generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking,assumingthat（假設）等。如：Talkingofthisfilm,it’swonderful.說到這部電影，好極了。Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow?假定那是真的,我們現在該怎麼辦?Judgingbythedirectionofthewind,itwon’traintoday.根據風向測度,今天不會下雨。Socialpsychology,strictlyspeaking,dealswiththebehaviorofpeopleingroups.嚴格地說,社會心理學研究人們的群體行為。27.Havingscaredthelittlebeings,Ibeganstrugglingtogetlooseandmanagedtobreakthestringsthattiedmyleftarmandslightlymovedthestringsthattieddownmyhair.【句式翻譯】嚇跑了小人，我開始掙扎以使繩子松開，終于掙斷了綁著左臂的繩子，并輕輕地解開綁著頭發的繩子。【句式分析】本句是復合句，兩個that在從句中都引導定語從句，修飾先行詞thestrings，Havingscared…在句中作狀語，tobreak…作manage的賓語。【詞語點撥】strugglevi.搏斗;掙扎；爭取n.打斗；掙扎；斗爭Theclimbersstruggledagainstthestrongwindandfinallyreachedthetopofthemountain.登山者在強風中艱難的行走，最終到達山頂。Theystruggledtogetoutoftheburningbuilding.他們艱難地逃離了著火的大樓。【語法點撥】1)havingdone作狀語，具體用法參見第25句。2)不定式todo常跟在下列動詞后作賓語：ask,agree,beg,begin,start,wish,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,manage,seek,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,would/shouldlike等。如：Hisparentschoosetoliveinthecountryside.他的父母決意在鄉下居住。Weagreedtomeethere,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.我們約定在這里見面，但是到現在她還沒露面。28.Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months,withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.【句式翻譯】西班牙流感在十八個月內奪去了五千萬人的生命，該病似乎專門襲擊年輕力壯的人，而不是老邁長者，被認為是歷史上最嚴重的一次傳染病。【句式分析】本句是簡單句，包含有一個句式：bebelievedtodo/be被認為做……/是……，Havingkilled…在句中作狀語，tostrike…作定語，修飾tendency。【詞語點撥】strikevt.攻（襲）擊；打，打動；(鐘)敲響報(時);使突然想起n.打擊；罷工Snowstormsoftenstrikethatareainwinter.冬天暴風雪常常襲擊那個地區。IwasstruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake.我被西湖的美景給迷住了。ItsuddenlystruckmethatIoughttomakeanewplan.我突然想到,我應該制訂一個新的方案。Thebusdrivershavebeenonstrikeforseveraldays.公共汽車司機罷工好幾天了。【語法點撥】(sth/sb)bebelievedtodo/be被認為做……/是……=Itis/wasbelievedthat…，在這個句式中，不定式作主語補足語，可以代替believe用于這個句式的動詞還有：say,suppose,think,know,report等。DoyouknowwhyFridayisbelievedtobeanunluckyday?你知道為什么星期五被認為是不吉利的日子嗎？Theoldcastlewasbelievedtohaveghostslivinginitformanyyears.多年來人們一直相信這座古堡里面居住著幽靈。Thegreatpyramidisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltovera20-yearperiod.人們認為建造這座大金字塔花去了20多年的時間。YaoMingisthoughttobeoneofthebestbasketballplayersintheworld.姚明被認為是世界上最棒的籃球運動員之一。29.Idon’tknowwhatyourexpectationsareofLondon,butknowingthatyou’venevertravelledoutsideofAsia,IthoughtI’dtellyouabitaboutwhatyoucanexpecttofind.【句式翻譯】我不知道您對倫敦有什么期望，但我知道您從未到過亞洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告訴你一點關于你期望找到的東西。【句式分析】本句是有并列連詞but連接的復合句,同時包含有四個從句，whatyourexpectationsare…，thatyou’venevertravelled…，I’dtellyou和whatyoucan…都是賓語從句；knowing…和tofind…在句中分別作主語和賓語。【詞語點撥】expectv.期望；預期Youcan’texpecttosucceedifyouattempttasksaboveyourability.如果你要做能力達不到的事，就別指望成功。ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwerebeyondhisexpectation.西湖的春景要比他所預想的更加美麗。【語法點撥】1）doing可以作主語：=1\*GB3①很多情況下，相當于todo，有時也可用it作形式主語。常用doing作主語的句型：Itisnogood/usedoing…做……沒用Itisuselessdoing…做……沒用Itisworthwhiledoing…做……是值得的ItisuselesstryingtopersuadeMissLitoacceptouradvice.勸說李小姐接受我們的建議是沒有用的。=2\*GB3②如果doing有自己的邏輯主語，doing前可以用形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞所有格來修飾。如：Tom’s/hiscominglatemadethemanagerveryangry.湯姆/他來晚了讓經理很生氣。=3\*GB3③todo和doing做主語的區別：todo常表示具體的某一動作;doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念時，多用動名詞。如：Bicyclingisagoodexercise;moreover,itdoesn’tpollutetheair.騎自行車是很好的運動;而且還不污染環境。2）不定式todo作賓語：具體用法參見第27句。30.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.【句式翻譯】擺脫負面的自我形象的最好辦法是意識到你的形象遠遠不是客觀的，同時主動地使你相信自己的積極的品質。【句式分析】本句是復合句，thatyourimageis…是賓語從句，togetridof…在句中作定語，torealize…和toactivelyconvince…是并列成分，作表語。【詞語點撥】farfrom遠離；遠非，遠遠不是Theworkhedidyesterdayisfarfromperfect.他昨天做的的工作遠非十全十美。Farfromrelievingmycough,themedicinemadeitworse.這藥非但不鎮咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厲害。2）convincevt.使信服；常用于以下結構：=1\*GB3①convincesbofsth使某人相信某事。如：Youneedtoconvinceyourbossofyourabilitytodothejob.你需要讓你的老板相信你有做這份工作的能力。=2\*GB3②convincesbtodo說服某人做某事Ittookmealongtimetoconvincehimtogowithme.我用了很長時間才說服他和我一起去。=3\*GB3③convincesb+that從句使某人相信ImanagedtoconvincemyfriendthatIdidn’tmeantohurthim.我設法使朋友相信我不想傷害他。【語法點撥】1）不定式todo作定語：具體用法參見第19句。2）不定式todo作表語：①說明主語的具體內容。如：Myonlywishistodosomethingforthepublic.我唯一的愿望是為公眾做些事。②表示不可避免將要發生的事。如：Thediscoveryistohaveagreateffectonourlife.這個發現將對我們的生活產生重大影響。=3\*GB3③不定式作表語，且主語部分有all,what,only或是最高級形容詞修飾的名詞和實義動詞do時，作表語的不定式可省去to。如：Allyouneedtodonowishaveagoodrest.現在你所需要的是好好休息。三、關系代詞的在定語從句中主要用法英語中的關系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它們的用法如下：1、who，whom的用法who和whom指人，who在定語從句中作主語；whom在定語從句中作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可省略。在口語中可用who代替whom。Inthebeginning,peoplewhoboughtthetomatooftengotangry.起初，買到西紅柿的人常會生氣。(作主語)Theperson(whom)youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.你應該給他寫信的人是波爾先生。(whom作賓語省略)Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.他很愛你的母親，她于1818年去世了。（whom引導非限制性定語從句，作賓語但不能省略）2、whose的用法 whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，指物時常可用ofwhich取代。Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisamayor.我有個朋友，他父親是市長。Welivedinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.我們住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、which的用法which指物，在定語從句中作主語和賓語，作賓語時，在限制性定語從句中可省略。Today,fruittreeswhichoncegrewonlyinChinacannowbefoundinmanypartsoftheworld.今天，那些曾經只在中國生長的果樹能夠在世界上許多地方看到了。（作主語，不能省略）Theyneededaplantwhichdidn'tneedasmuchwaterasrice.他們需要一種不像水稻那樣需要水的作物。（作主語，不能省略）Itisusedtorecordthetickets(which)passengersbuy.它用來記錄乘客所購買的車票。(作賓語，可以省略)Hecamelate,whichweallknow.我們都知道，他來晚了。（作賓語，在非限制性定語從句中不省略）4、that的用法that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，指物時其用法和which大致相同，但也有區別。Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.所有來自農村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在從句中作主語，不能省略）Thisisall(that)Icantellyou.這是我能告訴你的全部情況。（that指物，在從句中作賓語，常省略）ThisisthebestplaythatwaswrittenbyJack.這是杰克寫的最好的一個劇本。（that指物，在從句中作主語，不能省略）Sheistheonlyperson(that)Icantrust.她是我唯一可以依賴的人。（that指人，在從句中作賓語，可省略）5、關系代詞that和which的區別（1)相同點這兩個關系代詞引導定語從句時，都可以指物；在從句中都可作主語或賓語；作賓語時都可省略。Thetrainthat(which)hasjustleftisforShanghai.剛開的那列火車是去上海的。(作主語)Thefilmthat(which)wesawlastnightiswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的電影好極了。(作賓語，可省略)（2）用that，不用which的情況①當先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時。all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little等不定代詞時（something之后也可用which）。Togetthejobstarted,allthatIneedisyourpermission.要開始工作，我所需要的是你的許可。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么要我做的事嗎?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.他幾乎沒有回答老師的那些問題。②當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時。Thiswasoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.這是這家書店售出的最有趣的書之一。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。③當先行詞有thevery，theonly，thesame等修飾時。That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.目前我們只能這樣了。Thosearetheverywordsthatheused.那就是他的原話。④當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory.他們在談論工廠里看到人和事。Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他們聊起他們所能記得起的學校里的人和事來，聊了約半個鐘頭。⑤當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.中國已經不是過去的中國了。⑥當要避免與疑問詞which重復時。WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing?哪輛車是北京制造的?⑦當先行詞為theway,thetime,theperiod等時，關系代詞常用that，但通常被省略。Idon'tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.我不喜歡你對她說話的方式。（3）用which，不用that的情況①引導非限制性定語從句。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.卡羅爾說這項工作將在十月前做，對此我個人表示懷疑。Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.桃樂茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當然使別人不高興。②直接放在介詞后作賓語時。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。巧記that和which的區別：that，which可互換，下列請況勿照辦；that情況比較多，不妨對你說一說；不定代詞這路貨，全用that準沒錯；先行詞前被限制，千萬不要用which；要用which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。6、關系代詞who與that的區別（1）當先行詞是he、people、those等時，引導詞常用who。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到長城非好漢。Thosewhoareforme,putupyourhands.同意我的人請舉手。I'llneverforgetthepeoplewhohavehelpedme.我將永遠不會忘記那些幫助過我的人。（2）當引導詞作定語從句的表語時常用that。Sheisn'tthelittlegirlthatsheusedtobe.她再也不是過去的那個小姑娘了。7、as的用法（1）as引導限制性定語從句通常構成such...as或thesame...as固定搭配，as在從句中可作主語、表語或賓語。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasyouusedyesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那種工具。(作賓語)Manyofthesportswerethesameastheyarenow.過去的許多運動項目同現在的一樣。(作表語)Don’treadsuchbooksasarenotworthreading.Readsuchbooksasyoucanunderstand.不要讀那些不值得讀的書，只去讀那些你能讀懂的書就可以了。Helentmeasmuchmoneyashehad.他把所有的錢借給了我。Repeatthisasoftenasisnecessary.根據需要反復這樣做。(作主語)（2）such…that…與such…as“such…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用來引導一個結果狀語從句；而“such…as…”表“像……這樣的……”的意思，用來引導定語從句，as在從句中充當主、賓或表語等。Heissuchanhonestmanthatwerespecthim.他是一個如此誠實的人以至于我們都尊敬他。Heissuchanhonestmanaswerespect.他像我們所尊敬的這種誠實的人。（3）thesame…that…與thesameas“thesame…that…”表同一人或物，而“thesame…as…”表同種類的東西。試比較下列兩個句子：ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.這就是我丟失那本書。（指同一本書）ThisisthesamebookasIlost.這本書跟我丟失那本書一模一樣。（并不是原來的那一本）（4）as引導非限制性定語從句as作關系代詞，還可用來引導非限制性定語從句，可以用來代替一個句子或單詞，as引導的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。Themoon,asisknowntoeverybody,travelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,asisknowntoeverybody.眾所周知，月球一月繞地球一周。8、but的用法but既可指人，又可指物，常在定語從句中充當主語。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相當于“that/which/who…not”。它前面的主句必須有“否定”的詞(如no,not,little,few,hardly等)。but引導的肯定定語從句和否定的主句連用，通過雙重否定達到強烈肯定的效果。Thereisnomotherbutlovesherownchildren.(=Thereisnomotherthat/whodoesn’tloveherchildren.)沒有不愛自己子女的母親。Therewerefewpeoplebutwerehurt.(=Therewerefewpeoplewho/thatwerenothurt.)幾乎沒有人不受傷。9、than的用法than既可指人，又可指物，可作關系代詞來引導定語從句，than前通常有比較級的詞。Don’tgivechildrenmoremoneythanisneeded.給孩子們的錢不要超過所需。Hehasgotmorethanheaskedfor.他所得到的比他所要求的還要多。Fewerfriendsthanwehadexpectedcametooureveningparty.來參加晚會的朋友比我們預料的還要少。當堂知識檢測一、單項選擇1．Iwanttoknowtheplace________Iwasborn.A．that B．which C．when D．where2．Hangzhouisacity_____Ivisitmostoften.A．where B．whose C．inwhich D．that3．Whereistheboywhosearmwashurtbythewindow_____glassisbroken?A．which B．whose C．where D．that4．Thereason_______Iwaslatewas_______mycarbrokendown.A．which;that B．that;why C．why;when D．why;that5．Thisissointerestingabook_______isworth_______.A．that;reading B．as;reading C．that;beingread D．as;beingread6．Thereare2,000workersinourfactory,twothirdsof________arewomen.A．which B．whom C．them D．who7．Shewillneverforgettheday________shewasmarried.A．that B．when C．inwhich D．which8．Iamsohappyabout______toworkinYunnan,aplace______whichmyfatherspenthischildhood.A．havingassigned;at B．assigned;atC．beingassigned;in D．havingbeenassigned;in9．______isknowntous,racialprejudiceisstillinexistenceinsomecountriesandnooneknowsforsure______itwillbewipedout.A．It;where B．As;when C．What;how D．That;what10．_______isreportedinthenewspaper,theearthquakeintheeastofJiangxiProvincekilled13people.A．It B．As C．That D．What11．isstronglyrecommendedisthatweshouldnevertrustsuchpeoplealwaysover-praiseyoutoyourface.A．It;which B．As;that C．What;as D．It;who12．I’llneverforgettheday________ImetMr.Liforthefirsttime.A．when B．that C．which D．where13．I’moneoftheboys,________neverlateforschool.A．thatis B．whoare C．whoam D．whois14．Hersister,________youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A．whom B．that C．which. D．what15．Heistheonlyperson________Iwanttotalkwith.A．that B．who C．which D．why16．Thisisthehouse________hehaslivedinfor15years.A．where B．that C．inwhich D．when17．_______theguidanceofthescientistontheearth,theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,_______muchhelpforknowingspace.A．Under;whichwethinkitis B．With;ofwhichwethinkisC．Under;whichwethinkareof D．With;wethinkwhichisof18．Itisintheverygym_______wasbuiltlastyear_______Iworkoutonaregular_______afterwork.A．that;that;basis B．which;that;base C．which;where;based D．that;where;basis19．Thepencil_____hewaswritingbroke.A．withwhich B．inwhich C．which D．that20．Hangzhouisacity_____thereisabeautifullake.A．which B．that C．where D．whose21．Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.A．studying;ofwhom B．study;ofwhomC．studying;ofthem D．study;ofthem22．Noteveryleisuredaristocratbecomesdemoralized.TheemperorHirohito,insteadof_______adecadentlife,wasdevotedtomarinebiology,afield_________

hebecamedistinguished.A．slippinginto;inwhich B．gettingholdof;thatC．gettinginthewayof;where D．slippingin;ofwhich二、根據首字母填寫單詞23．Allthegroundfloorwindowswerefittedwithironb_____(根據首字母單詞拼寫)24．Despitethefactthatheis59yearsold,heisstille________.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)25．Shehasrecentlybeena_________tothecommittee.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)26．Notalladvertisingisaboutsellingproductsandservicesforap______.(根據首字母單詞拼寫)三、根據中英文提示填寫單詞27．Hiswifeusedtobeanactress,butshesaidgoodbyetothes______(舞臺)whentheymarried.(根據中英文提示填空)28．Withfoodandquiltsdistributedtothevictimsintheflood,thesoldierscontinuedtheirrescuem_____________(任務).(根據中英文提示單詞拼寫)29．It’sthatkindofcourageanddeterminationthatmakeshimsuchar__________（出色的）character.(根據中英文提示單詞拼寫)30．Shec_________(預測;認為)thatgoingtoastranger’shousewasariskymove,butshedecidedtotakethechance.(根據中英文提示填空)31．Whenyoumakeamistake,beg______(感激的)forthethingsthatitteachesyou.(根據中英文提示填空)32．Heisaleadingf________(人物)inthemusicindustry.（根據中英文提示填空）33．________(intheend),you’llhavetomakethedecisionyourself.（根據英文提示單詞拼寫）34．________(tofillyourtimeorkeepyoubusydoingsth.)herselfwithroutineofficetasks,shehadnotimetoattendtoherchildren.（根據英文提示單詞拼寫）四、根據漢語意思填寫單詞35．Ourmain________(出口)isrice.（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）36．Doyouthinkthebutterflyisatypeof________(昆蟲)?(根據漢語提示拼寫單詞)37．Somepeoplebelievethatyour______(國籍)influencesyourpersonalitytosomedegree!(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)38．Theyhadledthecountryinto________(經濟的)disaster.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)39．Whatistheirmainsourceof________(收入)?（根據漢語提示單詞拼寫）40．HenryDavidThoreauwashappytowithdrawfromsociallife,seekinga________(和諧的)relationshipwithnatureinthequietnessofhislife.(根據漢語提示拼寫單詞)41．Peoplefromallovertheworldshouldmakejointeffortstocreatea______(和諧的)world.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)42．Some______(典型的)themesofChineseNewYearpaintingarefolktalesandgods.(根據漢語提示單詞拼寫)課后鞏固提高五、漢譯英（整句）43．大量的資源已被用來證明他是個撒謊者。(devotesth.todoingsth.)(漢譯英)44．那個工程已經完工了。(漢譯英)45．他們用公共汽車代替了電車。（漢譯英）46．多虧你不斷地鼓勵，我在學習上取得了顯著的進步。(thanksto)(漢譯英)47．據估算，去年至少有470人失去了工作。(It做形式主語的主語從句)(漢譯英)48．這工作需要花費很大力氣，但是值得。(beworth)(漢譯英)49．據報道，這場京劇演出在海外贏得了許多掌聲和好評，并且組織者成功地抓住了這個機會傳播了中國文化。(It...)（漢譯英）50．受地震影響的災民無法與外界取得接觸，這增加了救援的難度。(accessn.)（漢譯英）51．慶祝豐收的同時感激大自然饋贈的珍貴食物是當地的風俗。(gratitude)（漢譯英）52．先進技術在日常生活中的應用極大地造福了老百姓。(benefit)（漢譯英）53．自上個月以來，圖書館的一些書已被毀壞了。(現在完成時的被動語態)(漢譯英)54．如今唐人街的絕大多數居民依舊是華人，他們中很多人英語說得并不流利，這能讓游客體驗到正宗的中國味。(漢譯英)55．村民們從沒想到這些看似笨拙的大象會用鼻子打開水龍頭，一頓暢飲。(Never)(漢譯英)56．是在當地導游的幫助下，那名登山者才被營救。(使用強調句型)（漢譯英）57．隨著我們把一盤盤鮮肉、魚肉和蔬菜倒進火鍋，熱辣的風味加快了我們的笑聲和交流，使得這頓飯成了和朋友放松的最佳方式。（漢譯英）六、概要寫作58．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Arthasalwaysbeenapolarizingsubject.Somepeoplelikerealism,otherslikeabstract.Butdoyouknowwhysomepeoplevalueartinthemillions,whileothersseethesamepieceaslittlemorethanachild'sfingerpainting?Manyconsiderarttobequiterandomintermsofourlikesanddislikes.Butaccordingtonewresearch,theremaybeascientificreasonbehindourfondnessforcertainworks.Theanswerliesinhowaperson'sbrainbreaksdownthevisualsofapaintingcombinedwiththeirjudgment.Toprovetheirtheory,neuroscientistKiyohitoIigayaandhisteamfromtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech)gatheredmorethan1,300volunteersandaskedthemtorate825differentpaintingsfromfourdifferentartgenresAfteranalyzingthedata,scientistsfoundthatthesamegroupsofpeopletendedtoprefersimilaraspectsofthesamepaintings.Thesecharacteristicswerethengroupedinto“low-level”featureslikecolorandblending,and“high-level”featuresliketheemotionbehindthepainting.Fromthisexperiment,Caltech'ssystemwasthenabletopredictanindividual'sspecifictasteinartandorganizedifferentworksintoonegroup,accordingtothepaintings'featuresandvolunteers'preferences.Finally,theteamrepeatedthefirsttestonnewvolunteers.Again,thealgorithmwasabletoaccuratelypredictindividuals'artpreferences.AccordingtoIigaya,thisshowsthatthefactorsthatcontributetowhetherapersonlikesanimageareuniversal,notrandom.LesleyFellows,aneurologistatMcGillUniversitywhostudiesvaluejudgments,stated,“Weknowalotabout‘how’thebraincarriesoutactions,but'why'isfarlesswellunderstood.”___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________59．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HumansEvolvedtoBeLonelyLonelinesshurtsand,overtime,itcanputthebodyintoastatethatincreasesourriskofeverythingfromheartattacktodiabetesandcancer.So,evolutionarilyspeaking,whydoweexperienceit?StephanieCacioppo,aneuroscientist,saysthatcountlessstudieshavehelpedresearchersformulateaholistic(全面的)purposeforloneliness.Beingsocialhaditsdownsidesevenbackthen—competitionforfood,forexample,orcontributiontothespreadofpathogens(病原體).Butscientiststhinkweevolvedtofeellonelinessbecauseitwasmoreimportanttoworkwithoneanothertoaccomplishtasksandprotecteveryone.“Thepainoflonelinessdroveustorenewthesocialstructuresowecouldsurviveandpromotekeyfeaturesliketrust,cooperationandcollectiveaction,”explainsCacioppo.Shesaysthat,foryears,researchersthoughtoflonelinessasa“diseasewithnocompensatoryfeatures”.Butnow,they’rerealizingthatit’smoreofabiologicalhungersignalthatremindsuswhenit’stimetoreconnectwiththosearoundustopromoteourshort-termsurvival.Iftheoutcomesoflonclinesswereentirelynegative,itwouldnolongerbeapartofourDNA．“Hungerandthirstprotectourphysicalbodywhilelonelinessprotectsoursocialbody,”saysCacioppo.Interestingly,whilelonelinesssendsasignaltothebrainthatit’stimeforconnection,atthesametimeit’salsolookingfordanger.This“contradictorysignal,”accordingtoCacioppo,remindsustobecarefulofwhetherthepeopleweareconnectingwithareenemiesorfriends.Shecallsthisneedtobewatchfulevenaswe’resocializinga“self-protectionmechanism.”Thatmeansinsituationswhereyoufeellonelyevenwhensurroundedbyothers,you’resubconsciouslythinkingthatthiscrowdmightnotbeagoodevolutionaryfitforyoursurvival.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________60．Directions:Read