Grammar表語從句和賓語從句Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative

名詞性從句賓語表語NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause（同位語從句）ObjectClause（賓語從句）PredicativeClause（表語從句）

名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。什么是賓語？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?

賓語位于謂語動詞（及物動詞）或者介詞后ObjectClauses

賓語從句

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語謂語賓語（簡單句）主語謂語賓語從句連詞從句主語從句謂語

主句（復合句）ObjectClauses

賓語從句一、賓語從句的概念從句在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。

eg.Weknow

MrGreenteachesEnglish.

Sheasked

iftheseanswerswereright.二、賓語從句三要素引導詞（連接詞）語序時態(tài)不同引導詞引導的賓語從句由從屬連詞that

引導的賓語從句由連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what

和連接副詞when,where,why,how,引導的賓語從句由從屬連詞whether,if

引導的賓語從句（一）引導詞123e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.Hesaid(that)______________________.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由從屬連詞that引導的賓語從句注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當成分，在口語當中往往省略aroundthesunthat——不能省略的3種情況（2）當that作介詞except,in

賓語時Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.(1)如果從句是并列句時，第二個分句的that一般不可省。Myunclesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句時

（it常可以放在動詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語——that從句則放在句尾）

IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Weheardit

thatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.

由從屬連詞whether,if引導的賓語從句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?

if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask,know,findout,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。whether(if)

MrLiliveshere只能用whether不能用if的情況1.在介詞后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedabout

whetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在動詞不定式前(whethertodosth.)

：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.當與ornot連用，或提出兩種選擇時:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.賓語從句提前時：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Iwonder___________heiswell.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?

whocouldanswerthequestion

whomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由連接代詞Who,whom,whose,which,what

和連接副詞where,how,why,when引導的賓從代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。二、語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+連接詞+從句（主+謂+其他成分）

What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

注：當從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語時，語序不變：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主語做賓語否定的轉移Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認為你是錯的。

Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.

我認為你今天無法完成工作。

在第一人稱I,we與動詞think,expect,believe,guess,suppose,consider,imagine等連用，后接賓語從句時，通常將從句的否定轉移到主句謂語動詞，形成否定前移。一些含有假設、建議、命令、要求、計劃等意思的動詞后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣“should+動詞原形”結構,should可以省略。這類動詞有:advise,arrange,command, demand,desire,insist,order,propose, require,request,suggest等。如：

Isuggestedthathe(should) studyharder.Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、時態(tài)主句用現(xiàn)在時或將來時，從句可用任何時態(tài)，根據(jù)實際情況而定。2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相應的過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeplusthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Ihearthey__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)willbe

goes

havereturned

hadbeen

rises賓語從句

三要素時態(tài)Summary(小結）引導詞（連接詞）語序1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC

Practice5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeCD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDThepredicativeClauses

表語從句

M3U3Grammar

觀察思考：指出句子成分Henry

was

anAmericanbusinessman.Henry

met

anAmericanbusinessman.

主語

表語主語謂語

賓語（及物動詞）連系動詞Predicative

表語●什么是表語：●什么是系動詞：●表語的位置：在英語中表示主語的身份，狀態(tài)，特征等的部分叫表語。可以用作表語的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語，從句等。表語位于系動詞之后，與之構成所謂的系表結構。

系動詞是表示不完全謂語關系的動詞，常與后面的表語一起構成系表結構充當謂語。連系動詞

1.be

動詞是最常見的系動詞，可以有多種時態(tài)。

2.表示結果:become成為，當…3.表示狀況，樣子等：seem,appear,look

看起來，看上去4.表示變化：go,come，get,turn,fall,run,grow

變得，變成5.感官系動詞表示感覺：

feel摸起來，感覺；

smell聞起來；

taste嘗起來；

sound聽起來,；look看起來6.表示狀態(tài)：

prove證明是；turnout

；remain保持，仍然；stay保持，停留；keep保持；stand位于；lie位于；rest停留，剩余表語1.名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞用作表語：Hefinallybecame

asuccessfulpianist.Myfatherusedtobe

afootballplayer.Sheisverytiredandlooksit.Weare

seventeen.2.形容詞用作表語：Timeis

precioustoeverybody.Intimeofdanger,heremains

calm.Thedreamwillcome

true.Thepricesounds

reasonable.Themanissaidtohavegone

mad.Chinaisgrowing

strongerandstronger.Thethoughtlies

heavyonhermind.Theystood

still,sayingnothing.3.副詞用作表語：Areyouthere?Themanageris

outtodinnerwiththecustomers.Hehasbeenawayfromhishometownformanyyears.Today’sworkis

over.4.介詞（短語）用作表語：Areyouondutytoday?Everythingis

ingoodorder.Sheis

ingoodhealth.Theyappear

outofbreath.5.分詞用作表語：It’s

surprisingthatyouhaven’tmet.I’msomuchsurprisedatit.Helooked

worriedafterreadingtheletter.Theyseemed

disappointedatthenews.Areyouwellprepared?6.不定式用作表語：AllIcoulddowas(

to)wait.Hisjobis

tofeedtheanimals.Ouraimis

toholdthe2008OlympicGamesinChinasuccessful.Heseemed

tobeverytired.表語從句的定義Thequestioniswhowilldoit.Thequestionisdifficult.（表）表語從句（表）PredicativeClauses表語從句表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句中的表語。2.表語從句的構成主語+系動詞+引導詞

+簡單句Thisiswhyhedidit.從屬連詞：that/whether/asif/asthough/because(if不引導表語從句)連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how

3.表語從句的連接詞表語從句兩大要素：除that外的所有引導詞都有自己的意義。除that,whether外的所有引導詞都必須在從句中充當相應的成分。1.that引導的表語從句

that僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進一步解釋的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether

引導的表語從句連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導表語從句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引導的表語從句連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當主語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引導的表語從句連接副詞where,when,why,how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。e.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他連詞asif,because,asthough

引導的表語從句

because引導表語從句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”結構中。

asif/though引導的表語從句常置于連系動詞look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.6.使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣"should+動詞原形"表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.策劃：《學生雙語報》45表語從句中應該注意：（1）當thereason或why引導主語從句時，常用that(不用because)引導表語從句。Whyweshouldnotplayonthegroundisthatwearehavingclass.Thereasonwhyweshouldnotplayonthegroundisthatwearehavingclass.（2)Whether引導表語從句,if不能引導表語從句試區(qū)分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?注意：這種句子考試時一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)（一）1、Doyouknowwhere

now?A、helives