受限空間安全第一頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二ConfinedSpaceStatisticsLeadingcauseofoccupationalfatalitiesinthiscountryTheStandardcovers240,000workplaces

and12.2millionworkersWorkersmake4.8millionentries/yearStandardmayprevent85%offatalities

andnearly11,000injuries第二頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二DefinitionofaConfinedSpace

(mustmeetallthreecriteria)Limitedmeansforentryorexit(manholes,vaults,&pits)Largeenough&soconfiguredthatanemployeecanbodilyenterand performassignedworkNotdesigned

forcontinuous

occupancyTwotypes–Permit&Non-PermitRequiredSpaces第三頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二DefinitionofPermit-Required

ConfinedSpacesAconfinedspacethathasoneormoreofthefollowingcharacteristics:ContainsorhaspotentialtocontainahazardousatmospherePotentialforengulfmentInternalconfigurationthatcantraporasphyxiateentrantAnyotherserioussafetyorhealthhazards(electrical,hotwork,drowning...)第四頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二WhatisaHazardousAtmosphere?Anatmospherethatmayexposeemployeestotheriskofdeath,incapacitation,impairmentofabilitytoself-rescue,oracuteillnessresultingfromthefollowing:Flammablegas,vaporormistinexcessof10%oftheLFLCombustibledustataconcentrationthatis>or=LFLOxygenconcentration<19.5%or>23.5%Anysubstancewithconcentration>PELAnyotheratmosphericconcentrationthatisIDLH第五頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二Permit-RequiredSpacesonCampusElectricalvaults:electricalhazards,lowoxygen,&/orasbestosSewermanholes:CO,lowoxygen, &/ortoxicgasesStormdrainmanholes:CO,lowoxygen,&/ortoxicgases第六頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二Permit-RequiredSpacesonCampus(cont)PoolPit:lackofoxygen,toxicgases,&/ordrowningSewerTanks:toxicgases,lowoxygen, drowning,&/orelectrocutionhazardsCommunicationVaults:low oxygen,asbestos, &/orelectricalhazards第七頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二Non-PermitRequiredSpacesSpacesthatdonotcontainor,withrespecttoatmospherichazards,havethepotentialtocontainanyhazardcapableofcausingdeathorseriousphysicalharm: Utilityclosets Below-gradetrenches Storagevaults Utilitysubbasements第八頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二ConfinedSpacesonCampusEH&SandPPMjointlydeterminewhichtypesofspacesorspecificspacesaredefinedasconfinedspacesAllconfinedspacesoncampuswillbeconsidered“PermitRequired”untilpre-entryproceduresdetermineotherwise.OnlytheEntrySupervisorisauthorizedtodowngradeentryrequirements.第九頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二ConfinedSpaceEntryProceduresSpaceEvaluationAlternateEntryProceduresPermit-RequiredEntryProcedures第十頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二SpaceEvaluationRefertoFlowChartEntrySupervisormustevaluate&authorizeanentryThiswilldetermineif“AlternateEntry”or“Permit-Required”Ifthespaceisreclassifiedasan“AlternateEntry”thenthefollowingconditionsmustexist:onlyhazardisthepotentialforahazardousatmosphere;andpotentialhazardcanbeeliminatedthroughcontinuedforcedairventilation;andprevious¤tgastestsmustshowabovetwoconditionsaretrue第十一頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二第十二頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二AlternateEntryProcedures

Procedurethatmaybeusedtoenteraconfinedspaceiftheonlyhazardpresentinthespaceisatmosphericinnatureand:Theatmospherichazardcanbecontrolledbymechanicalventilationaloneand;Thepermitspacewillnotbecomeimmediatelydangeroustolifeandhealth(IDLH)ifthemechanicalventilationshouldfail.第十三頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二AlternateEntryProcedures(cont)EntrySupervisorensuresspacehasbeenproperlyclassifiedUseguarding/cover/barriertoprevent falls(whenremovingcover)Lockout/tagoutallhazardous energysourcesCompletelogTestforO2,flammablegases/vaporsandpotentialtoxicaircontaminantsSetupventilation(supplyairtakenfromcleansource)TheEntrantwillevacuatetheconfinedspaceifhe/shebecomesawareofanunrecognizedhazard第十四頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二第十五頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二第十六頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二PermitRequiredEntryProceduresEntrySupervisor,EntryAttendantandEntrantmustparticipateInspectandsetupsafetyequipmentEntrySupervisorestablishesspecificrescueproceduresLockandtagoutallhazardoussourcesofenergyUseguardingIfremovinganentrancecoverSampleandrecordairforhazardouscontaminantsEntrySupervisorcompletesPermitpriortoentry第十七頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二PermitRequiredEntryProcedures(cont)AttendantverifiesacceptableentryconditionsEntrantwearsretrievalequipmentduringentireoperationAttendantcontinuouslymonitorsatmosphere&recordsreadingswiththeportablegasdetectorImmediatelyevacuatespaceifsafetyequipmentfailsorspacebecomesorhaspotentialtobecomeimmediatelyhazardousUponcompletion,EntrySupervisorcompletespermitandfiles第十八頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二PotentialConfined

SpaceHazardsEngulfmentOxygendeficiency(19.5%orless)Oxygenenrichment(23.5%orhigher)FlammablegasesorvaporsCombustibledustsToxicsubstancesIDLHatmospheresPhysicalhazards第十九頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二MonitoringConfinedSpace

AirQualityPriortoenteringanyconfinedspace,preparethegasdetectorConducta“bumptest”.Breatheintothegasdetectorprobeandlookforadecreaseinoxygenconcentration-shouldalarmSampleairqualitybyslightlyremovinglidorthroughholeinlidbeforecompletelyopeningthespaceMonitorwithprobeslowlyatdifferentverticalheightsMeasureinthefollowingorder:Oxygen,LEL,H2S,CORecordresultsontheConfinedSpaceEntryPermitRecordSheet第二十頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二MonitoringConfinedSpace

AirQuality(cont.)ThegasdetectormustbeonduringtheENTIREentryoperationWillberegularlyinspectedbytheAttendant.RecordgasreadingsataminimumofonehourintervalsCeaseentryoperationsandremoveentrypersonnelifthefollowingconcentrationsareexceededatanytime:Oxygenreadinglessthan19.5%orgreaterthan22.5%Combustiblegasreadinggreaterthan9%LELH2Sreadinggreaterthan9ppmCOreadinggreaterthan34ppm第二十一頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二VentilatingaConfinedSpaceSetuponeormoreblowersto provideadequateventilationfor thespace.Ventilationmustbe forceddraftdischargeofcleanair intospace(notexhaustofspace)EnsureventilationairsupplyisfromcleansourceAllowenoughtimeforblowerstoclearthespacebeforeentering.Ensurethattheblowersremainonduringtheentireentryprocedure.Iftheblowerfails,theEntrantmustleavethespaceimmediatelyNote:thisappliestoboth“PermitRequired”and“AlternateEntry”procedures第二十二頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二TypesofPersonal

ProtectiveEquipmentProtectiveclothingWeldingapron/sleevesRespiratorsGlovesSafetyglasses第二十三頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二RetrievalEquipmentRescueharness(chestorfullbody)RescuetripodRopeorcable(inspectfordamage)第二十四頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二DepartmentResponsibilitiesEH&SEstablish&updatewrittenprogramprovidetrainingreviewrecords&provideconsultationPPM&CommunicationServicesEnsureallinvolvedemployeesreceivetraining&followproceduresprovideandmaintainequipmentmaintainrecords第二十五頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二EntrySupervisorResponsibilitiesEnsureallpersonsinvolvedinaconfinedspaceentryareproperlytrainedEvaluateandclassifytheconfinedspacepriortoentryCompletetheConfinedSpaceEntryPermit(ifrequired)Ensurecanceledpermitsareproperlyfiled第二十六頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二EntrantResponsibilitiesCompletedConfinedSpacetrainingMuststayinconstantcontactwiththeAttendant(I.e.sight,voice,orradio)duringaPermitRequiredConfinedSpaceentryUsetheappropriatesafetyequipmentasspecifiedontheEntryPermit第二十七頁，共三十頁，編輯于2023年，星期二EntryAttendantResponsibilitiesCompletedConfinedSpaceTrainingObtain&installrequiredsafetyequipmentforPermitRequiredConfinedSpaceentriesMonitorpedestrianbarrierstoprotectentrant(s)fromexternalhazardsMonitortheatmosphereduringtheentireentryoperationMustremaininpositionuntilrelievedbyanothertrainedAttendantEnsurealllockout/tagoutmeasures(ifimplemented)remaininplaceResponsiblefororderinganevacuationifasituationdevelopsthatcouldendangertheEntrant第二十八頁，