AguidetoEnglish-speakingcountries各位老師：關于該PPT有一下幾點說明目錄中的此圖片為到此章節的鏈接2021/5/9AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英語國家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland22021/5/9Chapter4

Economy英語國家概況2021/5/9I.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomy

II.CurrentBritishEconomyContentBack42021/5/9III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBackEconomicDeclineAfterWorldWarII,theBritisheconomyexperiencedaperiodofgreatdifficultyandrelativeeconomicdecline.CausestwoWorldWars—greateconomiclosstheeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover—decolonization(lossesofrawmaterial&market)militaryexpenditure—overseaslocations;financialcontributiontoNATOandU.N.SecurityCouncil52021/5/9III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBackPolicies

“mixedeconomy”--aneconomyinwhichthereissomepublicownershipaswellasprivatelyownedbusiness.Duringthe20thcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeinvolvedintheeconomythroughintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations.62021/5/9III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1945-1979Polices:DrasticreformsNationalizationofindustriesResult:

Althoughthegovernmentchangedfromonepartytoanother,theeconomyremainedstagnant.Britain’seconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofotherEuropeancountries.inflation通貨膨脹tradedeficit財政赤字unemployment失業thefallofthepound英鎊貶值72021/5/9III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1979-1997Polices:RadicaleconomicreformPrivatizedstate-ownedindustries.PromotedamorecompetitivespiritintheBritisheconomy.Socialwelfare(reducedoldagepensions,shortenedtheperiodofunemploymentbenefits,cutchildbenefits)“Inpoliticsifyouwantanythingsaid,askaman.Ifyouwantanythingdone,askawoman.”MargaretHildaThatcher(1925-2013)Termofoffice:1979-1990Result:

thepositiveaspect:Inflationcameundercontrol.Businessprofitsincreased.thenegativeaspect:Economystillgrewatlowerrate.ArapidincreaseinunemploymentMrs.Thatcherandherpoliceswereandremainhighlycontroversial.82021/5/9III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1997Polices:TheThirdWayMadetheBankofEnglandindependent.EmphasizedontheminimumwageandsupplementinglowincomesEmphasizedindividualresponsibility“Leadersareordinaryhumanbeingsinextraordinarypositions”Result:

LimitedgovernmentspendingKeptinflationundercontrolReducedunemployment

Bytheendofthe20thcentury,BritisheconomicgrowthsurpassedthatofothermajorEuropeancountries.TonyBlairTermofoffice:1997-200792021/5/9

II.

I.Agriculture

I

II.II.EnergyProductionIIII.III.ManufacturingIndustryIIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyBackII.IV.ServiceIndustry102021/5/9IIII.CurrentBritishEconomyBackAgricultureCharacteristics:SmallproportionofthepopulationengagedinagricultureHighdegreeofmechanizationMildclimateProducingonlyabout60%ofthefoodconsumesAbout70%ofthecountry’slandisdevotedtoagriculture,withtwo-thirdsofitreservedforstockraising.Differentareas:Uplandarea:sheepfarmingFlatarea:cropproductionWetandwarmarea:milkandbeefproduction112021/5/9IIII.CurrentBritishEconomyAgricultureAgriculturalproducts:Crops:wheat,barley,sugarbeet,potatoesDairyfarmingWorld’sleadingexporterofcattle,sheep,pigsandhorsesAlargeoceanfishingfleet.Fishingindustryfulfillstwo-thirdsofBritain’sdemandforfish.Back122021/5/9IIII.CurrentBritishEconomyEnergyProductionCoalminingindustryAtraditionalenergyindustryRioTintoGroup(力拓集團）Britain’soilindustryArelativelynewindustry.In1975,oilfirstcameashorefromtheNorthSea.Theworld’s9thlargestoilproducerShell(殼牌集團),BritishPetroleum(BP),BritishGas(BG)NuclearpowerFirstnuclearpowerstation1956Oneoftheworld’snuclearpowers16nuclearpowerplantsBack132021/5/91.BusinessservicesIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyManufacturingIndustry2.Retail3.ManufacturingBritishcompaniesareactiveinallmajorfieldsofthemanufacturingindustries,butareparticularlystronginpharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospace,foodanddrink.Back142021/5/9FinanceIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryLondon:knownastheworld’sleadinginternationalfinancialcenterover550internationalbanksand170globalsecuritieshouseshaveofficesinLondon.TheBankofEnglandthecentralbankoftheUK,workingclosecontactwiththegovernment.controlsthemonetarypolicyandgivedirectivestocommercialbanks.TheLondonforeignexchangemarketoneofthelargestcentersfortradingstocksandbonds.themostinternationalofalltheworld’sstockexchanges.Back152021/5/9TourismIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryTourismisoneofthelargestindustriesinBritain.Morethan25millionpeoplevisitthecountryeveryyearfromallovertheworld.TheU.K.hasmuchtooffer:CountrysideviewsWonderfulcoastLakesCastlesUniversitytownsOneoftheworld’slargestcentersforinternationalconferences.Back162021/5/9ForeignTradeIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryTheprincipleexportedgoods:manufacturedgoods,mineralfuels,chemicals,foods