聽力場景詞匯colloquiumn.報告課tutorial個人輔導課程workshop專題課程級別學科major主修minor副修science理科,arts文科,engineering工科Introductory入門級elementary,fundamental初級Intermediate,secondary中級Advanced高級Prerequisite先修課程上課：Mathematics數學physics物理chemistry化學biology生物學Attendclass上課geography地理學electronics電子學computerscience計算機科學astronomy天文學electronicsengineering電子工程學botany植物學Missclass缺課Skipclass逃課Syllabus教學大綱Requiredtextbook要求的課本Attendance出勤Gradingsystem打分體系Classparticipation課堂參與psychology心理學zoology動物學architecture建筑學oceanography海洋學ecology生態學medicalscience醫學archaeology考古學history歷史學雜semester/term學期quarter小學期courseguideline課程綱要major主修minor副修exemption免修linguistics語言學syllabus教學大綱pedagogies教育學，教學法anthropology人類學economics經濟學statistics統計學Professor’ssignature注冊課程）Coursecap數）,accounting會計學philosophy哲學類型openings（可供注冊的名額）Take選（課）,drop退（課）Lateregistration晚注冊Deregistration注銷教師稱號、compulsorycourse必修課selective/optionalcourse選修課electivecourse選修課lecture講座professor教授lecturer=instructor講師teachingassistant=TA助教seminar高級研討性課researchassistant=RA助研counselor,adviser咨詢者，顧問president大學校長teacher/faculty教師student'sadvisor學生顧問physicist物理學家finaldraft完成稿speech演講presentation演講，陳述eyecontact目光接觸intonation音調mathematician數學家chemist化學家historian歷史學家statistician統計學家mid-termexam期中考finalexams=finals期末考cumulativefinal總結性考試take-homeexam（拿回家的開卷考試，一般有限定的時間）assignment作業homework=coursework=schoolwork=studies作業labreport實驗報告bookreport讀書報告project作業open-bookexam開卷考試subjectivetest主觀性測試objectivetest客觀性測試popquiz抽查式測驗bluebook答題本assessmentn估價presentation發言appraisal評價,估價termpaper學期論文（research）makeupfor補考,thesis/essay/dissertation論文journal學術期刊resit,retake重考grade（mark、score）分數socialinvestigation社會調查survey調查questionnaire調查表,問卷observation觀察成績：perfectgrade優異成績lowgrade低分interviewvt.n.采訪highmark高分collectdata收集數據broad論文等內容寬泛narrowdown論文等縮小范圍source（寫論文的）參考資料criticalthinking評判性思維lackyourownideas缺少自己的想法deadline最終期限passinggrade及格分failinggrade不及格分fullmarks滿分straightA's全AbeallA'sandB's全是A和BBplusB加AminusA減extension延期duedate/time期限passtheiexamwithflyingcolors以優異成績通過考試outlinen.大綱,提綱(roadmap)bibliographyn書目,參考書目reference參考graduatewithhonors以榮譽畢業diploma,degree,certificate文憑，學位，證書plagiarismn.抄襲revisev.修改考試問題：分析成績低的原因，給出解決辦法rewritev.重寫Alternativehypothesis,Collectdatalibrary圖書館Survey,questionnaireExperimentlibrarian圖書管理員publication出版物Interfere,influenceObservationperiodical期刊magazine雜志AnalyzedataInterpretdataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectbookcatalogue圖書目錄classifiedcatalogue分類目錄bibliography參考書目titleindex書目索引alphabeticindex按字母順序排列的索引SampleTreatmentgroupNon-treatmentControlgroupcirculationdesk借書處reservedbooks館藏書（只能在圖書館內借閱）librarycard借書證overduefine過期罰金periodicalreadingroom期刊閱覽室onlinejournal在線期刊videotape錄像帶backissue過期雜志currentissue近期雜志archive檔案non-fiction非小說類文學作品science-fiction科幻小說copier復印機checkout辦理（借、還）手續renew續借Letterofreference/recommendationCompetitiveBenefitfuturecareerFieldresearchCollectdataforpapersWaiter,waitress，BabysitterWorkatthelibraryQualification資格,qualified合格的Resume,CVfinancialaid經濟援助ScholarshipFellowshipTeachingassistantship助教獎學金Researchassistantship研究獎學金Grant助學金overdue過期interlibraryservice館際服務部分名稱informationdesk服務臺delivery/circulationdesk借書臺shelf書架photocopyroom復印室returnarea還書處Loan貸款studentslocker學生存儲間referencesection參考書部Need-based以需求為基礎Merit-based以優秀為基礎Studentunion學生會Clubs俱樂部Membership成員資格CareerserviceHypothesisauditoriumn.會堂,禮堂=lecturehallassembly集合,集會hallcomputerlab計算實驗室，機房dininghall食堂enrollment登記,注冊openingceremony開業典禮,儀式commencementceremony畢業典禮convocation業典禮）orientationmeeting開學說明會staff全體職員宿舍：accommodation住處,膳宿residencehall宿舍freshman（大學）一年級學生sophomore（大學）二年級學生junior（大學）三年級學生senior（大學）四年級學生tuition,fee費用placementtest開學測試excellent出色的average平均的，一般的belowaverage低于平均水平的，差的結構及稱謂:university-president大學，校長chancellor名譽校長college學院school學院dean院長suite套間studio工作室，獨立套間village村落（校內一棟一棟的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge公共大廳（可以用做娛樂）home-stay在國外住在房東家里的那種roommate同屋者,室友corridorn.走廊,過道，租房lease租借,租約landlord房東landlady女房東rent租金tenant房客pation.陽臺，slidingdoor推拉門singleroom單人房twinroom雙人房two-bedroomapartmenthousekey房鎖匙床上用品:principal中學校長professor教授associateprofessor副教授assistantprofessor助理教授coordinator班主任，協調人counselor輔導員advisor指導老師instructor講師tutor個人輔導supervisor管理人pillown.枕頭bedlinenn.床上用品sheetn.被單undergraduate本科graduate研究生mattressn.床墊blanketn.毯子建筑物buildings:餐廳toweln.手巾,毛巾quiltn.棉被cafeteria.自助餐廳administrationbuilding行政大樓mainbuilding主樓電器類electricappliance(instrument;equipment)電器wing/annex配樓teachingbuilding教學樓dormitory宿舍heater,furnace加熱器，爐子heatingunit暖氣片airconditioner空調設備stove爐子garbage/rubbish/wasten.垃圾disposev.處理gasmeter煤氣表insectn.昆蟲microwaveoven微波爐washer/dryer洗衣機/烘干機（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿；用具kitchenutensil炊具oven烤箱；烤爐range煤氣灶burglar夜賊leaking/leakagen.泄漏lostkey丟鑰匙breakin闖入dishwasher洗碟機washingmachine洗衣機(hot-water)heater熱水器coffeepot咖啡壺refrigerator(freezer)冰箱vacuumcleaner吸塵器tapeplayer錄音機CDplayerCD機Laundromat自動洗衣店maintenance維修，保養家具類furniture家具bookshelf書架bookcase書柜couch沙發chest柜子；櫥；箱子dresser(bureau)梳妝臺cabinet電視機等)機箱；儲藏柜；陳列柜cupboard(closet)碗櫥storagewall壁櫥rug小地毯carpet地毯curtain窗簾bathtub浴缸fixture（房屋）固定裝置furnishings室內陳設日常生活/問題:personalpossessions/property/belongings個人財產getinsuranceforpersonalpossessions/property/belongs【小站托福TPO】iPad版Practice模式下，可以逐題突破，對照注解、原文及翻譯；長按原文單詞，可以開啟字典查詞功能，也可加入生詞本，每日反復背誦加強；Test模式下，可高度模擬真實考試，為考試做好充分準備。1-34套TPO+Extra，全真模考、試題精析，查單詞、生詞本、精準翻譯、優秀范文一應俱全。boomn.爆炸Blast爆炸Avalanchen.雪崩Earthsinterior地球的內部Seismicwaves地震波Compression壓縮Sliden.滑坡ShearaLandslide山體滑坡Mud泥土,soil土壤Earthn.土a）Slowdown減慢速度Reflect反射Depth深度Density密度Boundary邊界Mantle地幔Crust地殼Core地心Sink下沉Groundwater地下水Irrigationn.灌溉Freeze,froze,frozenv.冷凍Meltv.融化moltenGravity重心Aggravatev.加重Leanv.傾斜Slopen.斜坡Steep陡峭Erodev.,erosionn.腐蝕Fossiln.化石Dinosaur恐龍Sediment,deposit沉淀物Marble大理石Continentalplate大陸板塊TectonicplateContinentaldrift大陸漂移Layer,strata層Stratify分層Crack裂縫Moltenlava融化的巖漿Climaticshift=Climaticchanges氣候變化ConsistentpatternSolarenergy太陽能Radiate發射，放射Crudeapproximation大概的猜測Speculation猜測Coolingdown冷卻Mechanism機制LengthofthedayPhysicalforce體力Imaginaryline虛擬線Artificialreservoir人工水庫LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋轉Minerals礦物質Diverse多樣的Specimen，Sample樣品granite花崗巖Ore礦石Stalactite鐘乳石Refinev.提煉Platinumv.鉑金Seismology地震學Vibration,tremor,震動Wave波動volcanic火山，火山的eruption火山噴發Magnitude級數Collisionn.碰撞Active積極的Dormant休眠的Extinctadj.熄滅的Magma巖漿Lava巖漿Eruptv.噴發explodev.爆炸(explosion)Abundant豐富的tropics熱帶地區Glassy像玻璃的Arctic/theNorthPole北極Antarctic/Antarctica南極theAntarctic南極洲theAntarctic南極圈theArcticCircle北極圈aurora極光tropicsofCancer北回歸線tropicsofCapricorn南回歸線internationaldateline國際日期變更線timedifference時差timezone時區Amazonstones天河石Firingvapor炙熱的水蒸汽Wipeout根除，徹底消滅MtEverest珠穆朗瑪峰Elevation海拔，海拔增高Precisemeasurement精確的測量GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系統Longitude經度Latitude維度Alternativesourcesofenergy可替代資源topography地形/地形學plain平原GashydrateTrap困住plateau/highland高地lowland低地Flame火焰basin盆地Potential潛在的oasis綠洲Model模式enclave飛地Geologicalfault地質斷層Crack裂縫peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脈carven/cave洞穴terrain地域seismicppostulate假設chunk大塊cylinder圓柱cylindrical圓柱形的groundtiltmeasurement地傾斜觀測evacuate撤出subterranean地底下coastland沿海地區coastline海岸線watershed分水嶺upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流sedimentaryaccumulate積累deposit沉積spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床hemisphere半球meridian子午線/經線parallel平行圈gulf/bay海灣waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；噴流reef暗礁latitude緯線longitude經線/經度elevation海拔tide湖水torrent水的急流altitude高度/海拔horizon地平線equator赤道tropicalrainforest熱帶雨林continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島temperaturelatitudes溫帶地區islet小島peninsular半島archipelago群島懸崖eon世；紀；代glacier冰河delta三角洲Pangaea盤古大陸dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖landlockedarea內陸inlandwaterway內陸河subcontinent次大陸cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陸架canyon/gorge峽谷channel/strait海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的/陸地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地熱terrestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學sea-floorspreading海床擴展evaporation蒸發Insurance保險Note注意Contract合約Verbalagreement口頭協議Repay償還Interest利息Merchant商人Cautious謹慎的ParamountLabel標簽salinity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉積物Contention所持觀點Inform告知tropical熱帶的Cost成本溫帶的frigid寒帶的Profit利潤loss損失Net凈的，gross粗略的Supplyanddemand供求frostheaving凍脹現象tundra苔原，凍原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的納維亞半島瑞典、挪威、丹麥、冰島的泛稱)Fjord[fj:d]峽灣SupplychainFluctuation浮動Recession衰退Depression蕭條Marketingstrategies市場營銷策略Survey調查Surplus剩余coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白堊紀cataclysm大洪水Shipment運輸Distribution分布Retail零售ridge山脊；分水嶺abyss深淵Wholesale批發territory版圖；領土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脈Carpathians喀爾巴阡山脈Vesuvius維蘇威火山Pompeii龐貝Socrates,PlatoandAristotleTheme主題Logic邏輯Rhetoric修辭constellation星座Fundamentalcauses基本原因Principlesoftheuniverse宇宙的原則Perceive看待，觀察Perception觀點zodiac（星象學的星座）planet行星sun恒星Jupiter木星Sense感覺Soul靈魂spiritPluto冥王星Saturn土星Element組成成分Reasoning推理Mercury水星Mars火星Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemplation沉思，思考Judgment判斷Venus金星Neptune海王星UranusJustjustice公正Justify證明,justification合理的理由Explicit明確的Ethics道德規范Ethicaltheory倫理理論Moral有道德的Ultimatetruth終極真理Universal普遍的Searchfortruth追求真理Varyv.不相同Ceres谷物星（）Whitedwarf白矮星BigDipper北斗七星Asteroidbelt小行星帶MilkyWay銀河系Galaxy星系orbitv.運行n.軌道rotatev.轉Axisn.軸Intrinsic內部的trackn.軌道Extrinsic外部的Critic評論家outerspace外太空gravity重力Old-fashioned過時的Valuable有價值的Survive生存，存活Conservative保守的Liberal開放的equator赤道tropical熱帶的brightness亮度dimensionn.維度distancen.距離Impractical不實際的Eclipse日月食)Wane,diminishv.逐漸變小Centripetal向心EmpiricalCognitive認知的Weaken削弱Centrifugal離心Diminish（影響力）減小Medieval中世紀Nebula星云）Nebulousadj.星云的Gas氣體(rock,ice,hydrogen,oxygen)Particle微粒Renaissance文藝復興Doctrine教義,主義,學說Idealism唯心論，理想主義Epistemologyn.認識論Metaphysics形而上學,玄學Reconcile和解,調停Polarlight極光Astronomical天文的Astrophysics天文物理學BigDipper北斗七星Blackhole黑洞Planetarium天文館Planetoid小行星Polestar北極星Celestial天體的Pseudoscience偽科學Quasar類星體Radiation輻射Revolution旋轉Rotation旋轉Satellite衛星Skyatlas天體圖Solarcorona日冕Spacedebris太空垃圾Spaceshuttle太空飛船Spacesuit太空服Spin快速旋轉Celestialmap天體圖Centrifugalforce離心力Chondrite球粒狀隕石Chromosphere太陽的色球層Clockwise順時針Cluster星團，一群星星Comet彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙學Emission排放物，發射Faint微弱的Starcluster星群，星團Stellar星星的Feeble微弱的Gaseousbodies氣態包Gravitationalforce吸引力Greenwichmeantime格林尼治時間Highresolution高清晰度Ignite引燃Sunspot太陽黑子Timedifference時差Timezone時區Illusiveobject幻影物體Image影響，形象Infinite無限的樂）Infraredray紅外射線Interferometer干擾儀Intergalactic星系間的Internationaldateline國際日期變更線Interplanetary星球間的Interstellar星際的Genre藝術分類Performingart表演藝術moderndancepiece現代舞concert音樂會play劇Leapyear閏年opera歌劇Lightyear光年film電影Luminosity光亮度Lunar陰歷的，月亮的Massive巨大的Meteor流星Meteorshower流星雨Meteorite隕石Meteoroid流星體Molten融化的Nakedeye裸眼camera攝影camerashotanalytical分析的parallel平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer舞蹈指導Fine/visualarts視覺藝術Abstractart抽象藝術landscape風景Observatory天文臺Photosphere光球層photography攝影exposure曝光developfilm沖洗膠卷negativen.底片portrait(portrayv.肖像,人像、stilllife靜物drama戲劇novel小說Novelist小說家collectionofshortstories短篇小說集Allegory寓言sculpture雕塑statue人物雕像Comparativeliterature比較文學Diary日記lifelike逼真的vividanthem國歌Editorial社論，重要評論Fiction小說Critic評論家Aestheticism唯美Criticism批評，評論Review評論Descriptiveprose描述散文Fairytale童話Masterpiece杰作Haveaestheticvalue有美學價值Aestheticappeal美學吸引力Feature特點Characteristics特點Distinctadj.與眾不同的Unique獨一無二的Style風格Technique技巧Gallery畫館Editionn.專輯Releasev.發行Futurism未來派Legend傳說Literarystudies文學研究Narrativeprose敘述性散文Podium講臺Realism現實主義Schoolofliterature文學派別Leadingcharacter主要角色Literarycriticism文學評論Literarystudies文學學習Modernism現代主義Plot情節Debut首映Poetry詩歌Impressionist印象主義者Impressionism印象派Perspective透視法Angle角度Prologue前言Proverb諺語Surrealism超現實主義Press/Publishinghouse出版社Acclaimv.盛贊mirage海市蜃樓prolific多產Preservev.保存Artgallery藝廊Calligraphy書法Imitating模仿Extinctadj.滅絕的，消失的Landscapepainting風景畫Oilpainting油畫Paste粘貼Crayon蠟筆，粉筆，顏料Pigmentation顏料Canvas帆布Literature文學Wax蠟Poetry詩歌biography傳記autobiography自傳detectivestories偵探小說Spectrum光譜Perspective透視畫法Poster海報Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁畫Panorama全景Pasteldrawing蠟筆畫Sketch草圖Harmony和弦，和諧Rockandroll搖滾Serenade小夜曲Solo獨奏Sonata奏鳴曲Symphony交響樂Ballad歌謠Autograph手稿Folkmusic民間音樂Prelude前奏Architecture建筑學Architect建筑師Epilogue尾聲Score樂譜Architecturalstyle建筑風格Artdeco裝飾藝術ArtmoderneGeometricpatterns幾何圖形Arch拱門Note音符Notation樂譜，記號法Chordsymbol和弦符號Lyrics歌詞Tempo節奏Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Melody主旋律Rhythm節奏Framing結構Tune旋律Lobbyn.大廳(entrancehall)Elevatorn.電梯Fa?aden.正面Conduct指揮Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Stairs樓梯Cello大提琴Interior內部的Oboe雙簧管Exterior外部的Impressionisticstyle印象派風格Mosque清真寺Clarinet單簧管krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n.變號(一種古雙簧樂器)Pyramid金字塔Harp豎琴Revival復活Renaissance文藝復興Medieval中世紀Byzantinearchitecture527(Sofia)-1520anthropologist人類學家ecological生態的anthropologist生態人類學家archaeology考古學anthropology人類學morphology形態學Ancientcivilization古代文明origin起源Accompaniment伴奏Audition試聽，試表演Bandmusic樂隊音樂Chord弦樂，弦Classicalmusic古典音樂Concerto協奏曲originate起源于ancestor祖先Lullaby催眠曲hominid人（科）Duet二重奏homogeneous同一種族（種類）的tribe部落clan氏族Fermentation發酵Fungus菌類archeologist考古學家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘Scoop鏟子ruins遺跡，廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品pottery陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器Gene基因Geneticengineering基因工程學Glucose葡萄糖Immunology免疫學Incubation孵蛋Inflection傳染Malaria瘧疾Microbe微生物Nucleus細胞核One-celled單細胞的Oxidation氧化Parasiticanimal寄生動物Parasitedisease寄生蟲病Parasitology寄生蟲學Pathogen病菌，病原體Protozoa原生動物Sanitation衛生Schistosomiaisis血吸蟲病Starch淀粉Sterilization消毒Toxin毒素Vaccine疫苗Virus病毒fossil化石relic遺物，文物Rockpainting巖石畫antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老skull顱骨Cranial顱骨的StoneAge石器時代BronzeAge（青）銅器時代IronAge鐵器時代Paleolithic舊石器時代的Mesolithic中石器時代的Neolithic新石器時代的Exhume挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的Yeast酵母livingorganism生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)細菌algae海藻Aminoacid氨基酸Antibody抗體coral珊瑚Bacterium細菌BiologicalagencyCalcium鈣rodent嚙齒類動物primate靈長類動物ape猿Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbondioxide二氧化碳Cell細胞chimpanzeen.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩monkeyn.猴子Chromosome染色體Disinfection消毒Enzymes酶mammal哺乳類動物dinosaurn.恐龍bat(ecolotion)蝙蝠（聲波定位）snowshoehare雪兔子Fatigue疲憊raccoon浣熊scale鱗片polarbear北極熊snout(動物的口鼻部;reptile爬行類動物snake,cobra眼鏡蛇,rattlesnake響尾蛇claw爪,paw爪子horn角hormone荷爾蒙intestine腸hive蜂巢lizard蜥蜴,pollenn.花粉snail蝸牛pollinatev.授粉amphibianadj.兩棲動物crocodile鱷魚hibernate冬眠migratev.遷徙frogn.青蛙tadpole蝌蚪toad蟾蜍communicatev.交流camouflage保護色evolve進化pond池塘puddle水坑insect昆蟲mosquito蚊子evolutionn.進化endotherm溫血動物,恒溫動物poikilothermn.冷血動物beak鳥嘴fly蒼蠅enzymes酵母cricket蟋蟀grasshopper蚱蜢honeybeemonarchbutterfly大花蝶largemigratoryAmericanbutterflyhavingdeeporangewingswithblackandwhitemarkings;thelarvaefeedonmilkweedegg卵secretion(n.)secrete(v.)分泌pancreas胰腺odor氣味還有aromafragrancescentsmell)gland腺體chromosome染色體larvae幼蟲caterpillar毛蟲pupa/chrysalis繭termiten.白蟻marineadj.海洋的beaver貍jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鯨魚whale鯨shark鯊魚dolphin海豚shrimp小蝦prawn對蝦penguin企鵝lobster龍蝦螃蟹mussel貽貝；蚌類clam蛤蜊predatorn.捕食者preyn.被捕食者aquaticadj.水生的shrimp蝦oyster牡蠣lobster龍蝦clam蚌crab螃蟹bird,hummingbirdartery動脈sponge海綿starfish海星squid魷魚；烏賊burro/octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚plaice鰈，紅斑比目魚hazardous有毒害的meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學家forecast(predict)預報climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對流層Convection對流Stratosphere同溫層Barometer氣壓計current（氣）流vapor蒸汽botany植物學botanist植物學家tundra苔原;凍土地帶,凍原fungus(pl.fungi)菌類laurel月桂chestnuttree栗子樹root根branch枝stem莖algae(pl.alga)海藻organism有機物birchtree(bark)樺樹crops谷物evaporate蒸發damp(wet;moist;humid)潮濕的humidity濕度corn玉米maize玉米moisture潮濕；水分saturate飽和chlorophyll葉綠素aminoacids氨基酸protein蛋白質absorb吸收dew露frost霜nitrogen氮fog(mist)霧photosynthetic(adj.)photosynthesis(n.)光合作用smog煙霧droplet小水珠lichen地衣,苔蘚squash南瓜oneofagroupoflargevegetableswithsolidfleshandhardskins,suchassbean豆類植物nectar花蜜condense濃縮crystal水晶體downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴風雨drizzle細雨shower陣雨flower花hail冰雹floral花的petal花瓣bloom開花blossom花blizzard(snowstorm)暴風雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder雷pollen花粉moss苔蘚Lightening閃電breeze微風herbicide除草劑herb草本植物Blast大風gale大風herbivorous食草的classification分類hierarchy級別whirlwind旋風Cyclone旋風，颶風typhoon臺風hurricane颶風Monsoon季風Sandstorm沙塵暴plasticbags,rubbishbagsbiodegradablepackaging可降解包裝,throwaway可丟棄的Duststorm沙塵暴tornado(twister,cyclone)龍卷風disposable可丟棄的discouragev.不鼓勵燃料TropicaldepressionWinddirection風向Windvelocity風速Windscale風力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus積雨云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)災難devastation破壞submerge淹沒overwhelmv.淹沒drought干旱none-renewable不可再生的fossilfuels礦石燃料:naturalgas,coal,petroleumlimited/finitenaturalresources有限的自然資源alternativeenergy替代能源,replace=substitutev.取代windpower,hydropower水電,solar(lunar)power太陽能,nuclearpower核能Avalanche雪崩Balmy溫和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，嚴格的Heat-wave熱浪radioactivityn.輻射性useup,deplete,exhaustv.用光，耗盡conservev.節省，節約,污染:waterpollution,airpollution,soilpollution土壤污染,noisepollutionTepidadj.微溫的soilerosion土壤侵蝕soilpollution土壤污染stainn.污染，污點，玷污stink發出臭味tar焦油toxicchemical有毒的化學物品fume煙，氣味environmentalprotection環境保護environmentally-friendly環保的preservev.保護，保存污染：pollute,pollution,pollutantcontaminant污染物contaminatev.污染lightpollution日光污染refuse廢物sewage污水ecosystem生態系統pesticide殺蟲劑ecology生態學antiseptic防腐的chemicalwaste化學廢料congestv.使充滿atmosphericpollution大氣污染垃圾:rubbish,