第一章病人身份[Identification]

?[Name]姓名?[Sex]性別?[Age]年齡?[Occupation]職業(yè)

?[Dateofbirth]出生日期

?[Marriage(Maritalstatus)]婚姻?[Race]民族?[Placeofbirth(Birthplace)]籍貫

?[IdentificationNo.(codeofIDcardNo.)]身份證號碼

?[DepartmentofworkandTEL.No.(UnitandBusinessphoneNo.)]工作單位及電話

?[HomeaddressandphoneNo.]家庭住址及電話?[Postcode]郵政編碼

?[Persontonotify(Correspondent)andphoneNo.]聯(lián)系人及電話

?[Source(Complainer;oflerer;supplier;provider)ofhistory]病史陳述者

?[Reliabilityofhistory]病史可靠程度?[Medicalsecurity(Typeofpayment)]醫(yī)療費用

?[Typeofadmission(Patientcondition)]住院類別(入院時病情)

?[MedicalrecordNo.]病歷號?[Clinicdiagnosis]門診診斷

?[Dateofadmission(admissiondate)]入院日期?[Dateofrecord]記錄日期

1、年齡的表示方法(以36歲為例)

?36yearsold(y/o)?Age36?36year-old?Theageof36?36yearsofage

2、性別的表示方法

?[Male]男性?[Female]女性

3、職業(yè)的表示方法

?工人[Worker],退休工作[Retiredworker]?農(nóng)民[Farmer(peasant)]

?干部[Leader(cadre)]?行政人員[administrativepersonnel(staff)]?職員[staffmember]

?商人[Trader(Businessman)]?教師[Teacher]?學生[Student]?醫(yī)生[Doctor]

?藥劑師[Pharmacist]?護士[Nurse]?軍人[Soldier]?警察[Policeman]?工程師[Engineer]

?技術員[Technician]?家政人員[Housekeeper]?家庭主婦[Housewi間，營'業(yè)員[Assistant]

?服務員[Attendant]?售票員[Conductor]

4、民族的表示方法

?漢[Han],回[Hui]?蒙[Meng]?藏[Tibetan]?朝鮮[Korean]

5、醫(yī)療費用的表示方法

?[Selfpay(Individualmedicalcare)]自費

?[Governmentinsruance(Publicmedicalcare)]公費?[Insurance]保險

?[Localinsurance]本地醫(yī)保?[Non-localinsurance]外地醫(yī)保

?[Laborprotestioncare]勞保

6、婚姻狀況的表示方法

?[Married]已婚?[Single(Unmarried)]未婚?[Diverced]離婚

7、病史可靠程度的表示方法

?[Reliable]可靠，[Unreliable]不可靠?[Notentirely]不完全可靠

?[Unobtainable]無法獲得

8、住址的表示方法

?[NO.3,QingChunRoadEast,Hangzhou,Zhejiang]浙江省杭州市慶春東路3號

9、病史陳述者的表示方法

?[Patienthimself(herself)]患者本人?[Herhusband]患者的丈夫

?[Hiswife]患者的妻子?[Patient'scolleague]患者的同事

?[Patient'sneighbor]患者的鄰居

?[Patient'sKin(Mother;Son;daughter;brother;Sister)]患者的親屬(父親、母親、兒子、女兒、

兄弟、姐妹)

?[Taximan]出租.車司機?[Trafficpolice]交通警察

10、日期的表示方法

?2002年10月10[10-1-2002(10/1/2002;Oct.1,2002;Oct.lst,2002)](HH)

?2002年10月1S[1-10-2002(1/10/2002;1Oct.,2002;1stofOct.,2002)](英國)

11、住院類別的表示方法

?[Emergent(Emergencycall)]急診?[Urgent]危重

?[Elective(General)]一般(普通)

12、入院時病情的表示方法

?[Stable]穩(wěn)定?[Unstable]不穩(wěn)定?[Relativestable]相對穩(wěn)定

?[Critical(Imminent)]危重?[Fair(General)]一般

第二章主訴[ChiefComplaint]

1、主訴的表示方法：癥狀+時間(Symptom+Time)

?癥狀+for+時間如：[Chestpainfor2hours]胸痛2小時

?癥狀+o件時間如：[Nauseaandvomitingofthreedays'duration]惡心嘔吐3天

?癥狀+時間+induration如：[Headache1monthinduration]頭痛1月

?時間+o件癥狀如：[Two-dayhistoryoffever]發(fā)熱2天

2、常見癥狀

?[Fever]發(fā)熱?[Pain]疼痛?[Edema]水腫

?[Mucocutaneoushemorrhage(bleeding)]皮膚粘膜出血

?[Dyspnea(Difficulyinbreathing;Respiratorydifficulty;shortofbreath)]呼吸困難

?[Coughandexpectoration(Sputum;Phlegm)]咳嗽和咯痰?[Hemoptysis]咯血

?[Cyanosis]紫絹?[Palpitation]心悸?[Chestdiscomfort]胸悶

?[Nausea(Retch;DryVbmiting)andVomiting]惡心和嘔吐

?[Hematemesis(Vomitingofblood)]嘔血?[Hematochezia(Hemafbcia)]便血

?[Diarrhea]腹瀉?[Constipation(Obstipation)]便秘

?[Vertigo(Giddiness;Dizziness)]眩暈?[Jaundice(Icterus)]黃疸?[Convulsion]驚厥

?[Disturbanceofconsciousness]意識障礙?[Hematuria]血尿

?[Frequentmicturition,urgentmicturitionanddysuria]尿頻，尿急和尿痛

?[Incontinenceofurine]尿失禁?[Retentionofurine]尿潴留

(1)發(fā)熱的表示方法

?[Infective(Septic)fever]感染性發(fā)熱?[Non-infective(Aseptic)fever]非感染性發(fā)熱

?[Dehydration(Inanition)fever]脫水熱?[Drugfever]藥物熱

?[Functionalhypothermia]功能性低熱?[Absorptionfever]吸收熱

?[Centralfever]中樞性發(fā)熱

?[Fevertype]熱型

A[Continuousfever]稽留熱▲[Remittentfbver]馳張熱▲[Intermittentffever]間歇熱

A[Undulantfever]波狀熱▲[Recurrentfever]回歸熱▲[Periodicfever]周期熱

A[Irregularfever]不規(guī)則熱▲[Ephemeralfbver]短暫熱▲[Doublepeakedfbver]雙峰熱

?[FeverofundetenninedCunknown)origin,FUO]不明原因發(fā)熱

?[Rigor(shivering;chill;shakingchill;ague)]寒戰(zhàn)

?[ChillySensation(Fellchilly;coldflts;coldness)]畏寒?[Ultra-hyperpyrexia]超高熱

?[Hyperthermia(Ahighfever;hyperpyrexia;ardentfever)]高熱?[Moderatefbver]中度發(fā)熱

?[Hypothermia(Low-gradefever;slightfever;subfcbriletemperature)]低;熱

?[Becomefeverish(Haveatemperature)]發(fā)熱?[Crisis]驟降?[Lysis]漸降

?[Typhoidfever]傷寒熱?[Rheumaticfever]風濕熱?[Cancerousfever]癌性發(fā)熱

?[Fervescenceperiod]升熱期?[Defervescenceperiod]退熱期

?[Persistentfebrileperiod]持續(xù)發(fā)熱期

(2)疼痛的表示方法

?[Backache(Backpain)]背痛?[Lumbago]腰痛

?[Headache]頭痛

A[Vasomotorheadache]血管舒縮性頭痛▲[Post-traumaticheadache]創(chuàng)傷后頭痛

▲[Migraineheadache]偏頭痛▲[Clusterheadache]叢集性頭痛

?[Chestpain]胸痛?[Precardialpain]心前區(qū)痛?[Retrosternalpain]胸骨后痛

?[Abdominalpain(Stomachache)]腹痛?[Acrodynia(paininlimbs)]肢體痛

?[Arthrodynia(Arthralgia)]關節(jié)痛,[Dullpain]鈍痛?[Sharppain]銳痛

?[Twingepain]刺痛*[Knifb-likepain(Piercingpain)]刀割(刺)樣痛

?[Achingpain]酸痛?[Burningpain]燒灼痛?[Colicky(Griping;cramp)pain]絞痛

?[Colic]絞痛?[Burstingpain]脹痛(撕裂痛)?[Hungerpain]饑餓痛

?[Ticpain]抽搐痛?[Bearing-downpain]墜痛?[Shock-likepain]電擊樣痛

?[Jumpingpain]反跳痛?[Tendernesspain]觸痛(壓痛)?[Girdle-likepain]束帶樣痛

?[Wanderingpain]游走性痛?[Throbbingpain]搏動性痛?[Radiatingpain]放射性痛

?[Crampingpain]痙攣性痛?[Boringpain]鉆痛?[Intensepain]劇痛

?[Writhingpain]痛得打滾?[Draggingpain]牽引痛?[Laborpain]陣痛

?[Cancerouspain]癌性疼痛?[Referredpain]牽涉痛

?[Persistentpain(Unremittingpain)]持續(xù)性痛?[Constantpain]經(jīng)常性痛

?[Intermittentpain]間歇性痛

(3)水腫的表示方法

?[Mucousedema(Myxedema)]粘液性水腫?[Cardiac(Cardiogenic)edema]心源性水腫

?[Nephrotic(renal)edema]腎源性水腫?[Hepaticedema]肝源性水腫

?[Alimentary(Nutritional)edema]營養(yǎng)不良性水腫

?[Angioneuroticedema]血管神經(jīng)性水腫*[Pitting]凹陷性?[Nonpitting]非凹陷性

?[Localized(Local)edema]局限性水腫?[Generalizededema(Anasarca)]全身性水腫

?[Hydrops]積水?[Elephantiasiccrus]橡皮腫?[Cerebral(Brain)edema]腦水腫

?[Pulmonaryedema(HydropneumoniaO]月市水腫?[Hydrocephalus]腦積水

?[Edemaofendoscrinopathy]內(nèi)分泌病性水腫?[Invisible(Recessive)edema]隱性水腫

?[Frankedema]顯性水腫?[Inflammatoryedema]炎性水腫

?[Idiopathicedema]特發(fā)性水腫，[Cyclicaledema]周期性水腫

?[Ascites(Abdominaleflusion;hydroperiotoneum)]腹水

?[Pleuraleffusion(Hydrothorax)]胸水

?[Pericardialeffusion(Hydropericardium)]心包積液,[Bronchoedema]支氣管水腫

?[Slight(Mild)]輕度?[Moderate]中度?[Serious]重度?[Transudate]漏出液

?[Exudate]滲出液

(4)呼吸困難的表示方法

?[Cardiacdyspnea]心原性呼吸困難?[Inspiratory]吸氣性?[Expiratory]呼氣性

?[Mixed]混合性?[Obstructive]梗阻性?[Dyspneaatrest]靜息時呼吸困難

?[Dyspneaonexertion]活動時呼吸困難?[Dyspneaonlyingdown]躺下時呼吸困難

?[Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea,PND]夜間陣發(fā)性呼吸困難?[Orthopnea]端坐呼吸

?[Asthma]哮喘?[Cardiacasthma]心源性哮喘?[Bronchialasthma]支氣管性哮喘

?[Hyperpnea]呼吸深快，[Periodicbreathing]周期性呼吸

?[Tachypnea(Rapidorfastbreathing;acceleratedbreathing;shortofbreath)]氣促

?[Bradypnea(Slowbreathing)]呼吸緩慢?[Irregularbreathing]不規(guī)則呼吸

(5)皮膚粘膜出血的表示方法

?[Bleedingspotsintheskin]皮膚出血點，[Petechia]瘀點，[Eccymosis]瘀斑

?[Purpura]紫瘢?[Splinterhemorrhage]片狀出血?[Oozingoftheblood(Errhysis)]滲血

?[Bloodblister(Hemophysallis)]血皰?[Hemorrhinia(Nasalbleeding)]鼻蚓

?[Ecchymoma]皮下血腫

(6)咳嗽與咯痰的表示方法

?[Drycough(Nonproductivecough;hackingcough)]干咳*[Sharpcough]劇咳

?[Wetcough(Moistcough)]濕咳?[Productivecough(Loosecough)]排痰性咳

?[Chroniccough]慢性咳嗽?[Irritablecough]刺激性咳嗽

?[Paroxysmalcough]發(fā)作性(陣發(fā)性)咳嗽?[Coughcontinually]持續(xù)性咳嗽

?[Spasmodiccough]痙攣性咳嗽?[Whoopingcough]百日咳?[Wintercough]冬季咳

?[Wheezingcough]喘咳?[Shortcough]短咳?[Distressedcough]難咳

?[Shallowcough]淺咳?[Droplet]飛沫?[Frothysputum]泡沫樣痰

?[Bloodysputum]血痰?[Mucous(Mucoid)sputum]粘液樣痰?[Purulentsputum]膿痰

?[Mucopurulentsputum]粘液膿性痰,[White(Yellow,green)sputum]白(黃，綠)痰

?[Fetid(Foul)sputum]惡臭痰?[Iron-rust(Rusty)sputum]鐵銹色痰

?[Chocolatecolouredsputum]巧克力色痰?[Thicksputum]濃痰?[Thinsputum]淡痰

?[Viscoussputum]粘痰?[Transparentsputum]透明痰

?[Much(Largeamountsof)sputum]大量痰?[Moderateamountsofsputum]中等量痰

?[Notmuch(Smallamountsof)sputum]少量痰

(7)內(nèi)臟出血的表示方法

?[Goldstein'shemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血?[Massivehematemesis]大量嘔血

?[Epistasis(Nosebleed;Nasalbleeding;Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]?[Hematuria]血尿

?[Initialhematuria]初血尿?[Idiopathichematuria]特發(fā)性血尿

?[Painlesshematuria]無痛性血尿?[Terminalhematuria]終末性血尿

?[Gross(Macroscopic)hematuria]肉眼血尿?[Microscopichematuria]鏡下血尿

?[Hematuriainthewholeprocessofurination]全程血尿

?[Gingivalbleeding(Ulaemorrhagia;gumbleeding)]牙齦出血?[Hematochezia]便血

?[Bloodystool]血便?[Blackstool(Melena)]黑便?[Tarrystool]柏油樣便

?[Bleedingfollowingtrauma]外傷后出血?[Spontaneousbleeding]自發(fā)性出血

?[BleedingContinuously]持續(xù)出血?[OccultbloodQB]隱血?[Hematobilia]膽道出血

?[Hemathorax]血胸?[Hemarthrosis]關節(jié)積血?[Hematocoelia]腹腔積血

?[Hematoma]血腫?[Hemopericardium]心包積血?[Cerebralhemorrhage]腦出血

?[Subarachnoidhcmorrhage(SAH)]蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血

?[Excessive(Heavy)menstrualflowwithpassageofclots]月經(jīng)量多伴血塊

?[Mild(Moderate)menses]月經(jīng)量少(中等)?[PainlessVaginalbleeding]無痛性陰道出血

?[Postcoitalbleeding]性交后出血?[Pulsatingbleeding]搏動性出血

?[Post-operationwoundhemorrhage]術后傷口出血

?[Excessivebleedingafterdenalextraction]拔牙后出血過多

(8)紫維的表示方法

[Congenitalcyanosis]先天性紫維?[Enterogenous]腸源性?[Central]中樞性

[Peripheral]周圍性?[Mixed]混合性?[Acrocyanosis]指端紫維

(9)惡心與嘔吐的表示方法

[Vomiturition(Retching)]干嘔,[Feelnauseated]惡心感

[Postprandialnausea]飯后惡心?[Hiccup]呃逆?[Sourregurgitation]返酸

[Fecal(Stercoraceous)vomiting]吐糞?[undigestedfoodVomiting]吐不消化食物

[BiliousVomiting]吐膽汁

(10)腹瀉與便秘的表示方法

[Moningdiarrhea]晨瀉?[Watery(Liquid)diarrhea]水瀉?[Mucousdiarrhea]粘液瀉

[Fattydiarrhea]脂肪瀉?[Chronic(Acute)]慢性(急性)?[Milddiarrhea]輕度腹瀉

[Intractable(Uncontrolled)diarrhea]難治性腹瀉?[Protracteddiarrhea]遷延性腹瀉

[Bloodystool]血梗?[Frothystool]泡沫樣便

[Formless(Formed)stool]不成形(成形)便?[Loose(Hard)stool]稀(硬)便

[Rice-waterstool]米沿樣便?[Undigestedstool]不消化便

[Dysentericdiarrhea]痢疾樣腹瀉?[Inflammatorydiarrhea]炎癥性腹瀉

[Osmotic]滲透性?[Secretory]分泌性?[Malabsorption]吸收不良性

[Lienteric]消化不良性?[Pancreaticdiarrhea]胰性腹瀉?[Tenesmus]里急后重

[Passastool(Haveapassage;openorrelaxthebowel)]解大便

[Haveacallofnature]便意?[Fecalincontinence(Copracrasia)]大便失禁

[Functionalconstipation]功能性便秘?[Organicconstipation]器質(zhì)性便秘

[Habitualconstipation]習慣性便秘?[Haveatendencytobeconstipated]便秘傾向

(11)黃疸的表示方法

[Latent(occult)jaundice]隱性黃疸?[Clinicaljaundice]顯性黃疸

[Nuclearicterus]核黃疸?[Physiologicicterus]生理性黃疸

[Icterussimplex]傳染性黃疸?[Toxemicicterus]中毒性黃疸?[Hemolytic]溶血性

[Hepatocellular]肝細胞性?[Obstructive]阻塞性?[Congenital]先天性

[Familial]家族性?[Cholestatic]膽汁淤積性?[Hematogenous]血源性

[Malignant]惡性,[Painless]無痛性

(12)意識障礙的表示方法

[Somnolence]嗜睡?[Confusion]意識模糊?[Stupor]昏睡?[Coma]昏迷

[Delirium]澹妄?[Syncope(swoon;faint)]暈厥?[Drowsiness]倦睡

(13)排尿的表示方法

[Enuresis(Bed-wetting)]遺尿?[Anuria]無尿?[Emictioninterruption]排尿中斷

[Interruptionofurinarystream]尿線中斷?[Nocturia]夜尿?[Oliguria]少尿

[Polyuria]多尿?[Passwater(Makewater;urinate;micturition)]排尿

[Frequentmicturition(Frequencyofmicturition;fruquenturination;Pollakiuria)]尿頻

[Urgentmicturition(Urgencyofurinationormicturition)]尿急

[Urodynia(Painonmicturition;painfulmicturition;alginuresis;micturitionpain)]尿痛

[Dysuria(Difficultyinmicturition;disturbanceofmicturition)]排尿困難

[Smallurinarystream]尿線細小?[Voidwithagoodstream]排尿通暢

[Guttateemiction(Dribblingfollowingurination;terminaldribbling)]滴尿

[Bifurcationofurination]尿流分叉?[Residualurine]殘余尿

[Extravasationofurine]尿外滲?[Stressincontinence]壓力性尿失禁

[Overflowincontinence]溢出性尿失禁?[Paradoxicalincontinence]反常性尿失禁

3.少見癥狀

?[Weekness(Debility;asthenia;debilitating)]虛弱(無力)

?[Fatigue(Tire;lassitude)]疲乏?[Discomfbrt(Indisposition;malaise)]不適

?[Wasting(thin;underweight;emaciation;lean)]消瘦,[Nightsweating]盜汗

?[Sweat(Perspiration)]出汗?[Coldsweat]冷汗?[Pruritus(Iching)]搔癢

?[Asthma]氣喘

?[Squeezing(Tightness;choking;pressing)sensationofthechest]胸部緊縮(壓榨)感

?[Intermittentclaudication]間歇性跛行

?[Difficultyinswallowing(Dysphagia;difficultswallowing;acataposis)]吞咽困難

?[Epigastric(Upperabdominal)discomfort]上腹部不適?[Anorexia(Sitophobia)]厭食

?[Poorappetite(Lossofappetite)]納差?[Heart-bum(Pyrosis)]胃灼熱

?[Stomachache(Paininstomach)]胃部痛?[Periumbilialpain]臍周痛

?[Belching(Eructation)]曖氣?[Sourregurgitation]返酸

?[Abdominaldistention(bloating)]腹脹?[Passgas(Breakwink)]肛門排氣

?[Small(Large)stool]大便少(多)?[Expel(Pass)wonns]排蟲

?[Painovertheliver]肝區(qū)痛?[Lumbago]腰痛?[Pica(Parorexia;allotriophagy)]異食癖

?[Dysmenorrhea]痛經(jīng)?[Menoxenia(Irregularmenstruation)]月經(jīng)不調(diào)

?[Polymenorrhea(Epimenorrhea)]月經(jīng)過頻?[Oligomenorrhea]月經(jīng)過少

?[Excessivemenstruation(Menorrhagia;menometrorrhagia;hypermenorrhea)]經(jīng)量過多

?[Hypomenorrhea(Scantymenstruation)]經(jīng)量過少

?[Menopause(Menostasia;menostasis)]絕經(jīng)?[Amenorrhea(Menoschesis)]閉經(jīng)

?[Leukorrhagia]白帶過多?[Asexuality(lackoflibido)]無性欲

?[Hyposexuality]性欲低下?[Hypersexuality]性欲亢進

?[Prospennia(Ejaculatiopraecox)]早泄?[Impotency(impotence)]陽萎

?[Nocturnalemission(Spermatorrhea)]遺精?[Hairloss]脫發(fā)

?[Jointpain(Arthralgia;arthrodynia)]關節(jié)痛?[Polydipsia(Excessivethirst)]多飲(煩渴)

?[Polyphagia(Excessiveappetite;hyperorexia;bulimia)]多食

?[Cold(Heat)intolerance]怕冷(熱)?[Dwarfism(Excessiveheight)]身材矮小(高大)

?[Excessivesweating]多汗?[Handstremble]手抖?[Obesity(Fatty)]肥胖

?[Agitation(Anxiety;nervousirritability)]焦慮(憂慮)?[Mania]躁狂

?[Hallucination]幻覺?[Aphasia(Logopathy)]失語

?[Amnesia(Poormemorization;mcmorydeterioration)]記憶力下降

?[Hemianesthesia]偏身麻木?[Formication]蟻走感?[Tingling]麻刺感

?[Hypcrpathia]痛覺過敏?[Hypalgesia]痛覺減退?[Illusion]錯覺

?[Hemiplegia]半身不遂?[Insomnia(Poorsleepness;sleeplessness)]失眠

?[Nightmare]多夢?[Numbness]麻木?[Paininlimbs(Acrodynia)]肢體痛

?[Limitationofmotion]活動受限?[Tetany]手足抽搐?[Dischargeofpus]流膿

?[Blurredvision(Hazyvision;blurringofvision;dimnessofvision)]視物模糊

?[Burning(Dry)sensation]燒灼(干燥)感?[Tearing(Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)]流淚

?[Doublevision(Diplopia)]復視?[Strabismus]斜視?[Hemianopia]偏盲

?[Tiredeyes(Eyestrain)]眼疲勞?[Foreignbodysensation]異物感

?[Losethesight(Loseofvision)]失明?[Diminutionofvision]視力減退

?[Nictition]眨眼?[Ophthalmodynia(Eye-ache;ocularpain)]眼)甬?[Photophobia]畏光

?[Spotsbeforetheeyes]眼前黑點?[Deafness(Anacusia)]耳聾

?[Auditorydysesthesia]聽力減退?[Otalgia(Otodynia;painintheear;ear-ache)]耳痛

?[Stuffyfeelingintheear]耳閉氣?[Tinnitus]耳鳴?[Outophony]自聲過強

?[Nasalobstruction(blockage)]鼻塞?[Drynessofthenose]鼻干燥

?[Rhinorrhea(Snivel;Nasaldischarge)]流鼻涕?[Sneezing]打噴嚏?[Snoring]打鼾

?[Hyposmia(Reductionofthesenseofsmell)]嗅覺減退

?[Anosmia(Completelossofsenseofsmell)]嗅覺喪失?[Dysphonia]發(fā)音困難

?[Hoarseness]聲嘶?[Painonswallowing]吞咽痛

?[Salivadribbliesfromthemouth]流涎?[Troatyvoice]聲音沙啞?[Stridor]喘鳴

?[Redandswollen]紅腫?[Scurf]頭皮屑?[Show]見紅

?[Amnioticfluidescaped]破水?[Uterinecontraction]宮縮?[Acalculia]計算不能

?[Apathy]情感淡漠?[Delusion]妄想

4、時間的表示方法

⑴月(Month)

?[January,Jan.]一月?[February,Feb.]二月?[March,Mar.]三月?[April,Apr.]四月

?[May]五月?[June,Jun.]六月?[July,Jul.]七月?[August,Aug.]八月

?[September,Sept.]九月?[October,Oct.]卜月?[November,Nov.]I'月

?[December,Dec.]十二月

(2)周(Week)

?[Monday]星期一?[Tuesday]星期二?[Wednesday]星期三?[Thursday]星期四

?[Friday]星期五?[Saturday]星期六?[Sunday]星期日

(3)年(Year)和曰[Day]

?[1st(First)year]第1年?[2nd(Second)year]第2年*[3rd(Third)year]第3年

?[4th(Forth)year]第4年?[Oneyear(day)]1年(天)?[Twoyears(days)]2年(天)

?[Wholeyear]整年?[1st(First)]1日?[2rd(Second)]2日?[3rd(Third)]3日

?[5th(Fifth)]5II?[Today]今天?通宵[Allnight]?整天[Allday(thewholeday)]

(4)時間的表示方法

?In[在……內(nèi)(后)]

▲在2003年[In2003]▲在3月[InMarch(Mar.)]▲在去年10月[InlastOct.]

▲在早晨[Inthemorning]▲在上午[Inthefbrenoon]▲在下午[Intheafternoon]

▲在晚上[Intheevening]▲在近5天[Inthepast5days]▲在10分鐘后[In10minutes]

▲在秋季[Inautumn]▲在這2~3天內(nèi)[Inacoupleofdays]

?Within[在..中]

▲在近8個月中[Withinthelast8months]▲在過去的2年中[Withinthepreceding2years]

?On[在……時候]

▲在2002的9月18El[Onthe18thofSeptember,2002(英國)orOnsept.18th,2002(美國)

▲在星期三[OnWednesday]▲在本月7H[On7thinstant]

?At[在..Bl]

▲在中午[Atnoon]▲在晚上[Atnight]▲在昨晚[Atlast(preceding;previous)night]

▲在半夜[Atmidnight]▲在上午10點鐘[At10AM]▲在5歲時[Attheageoffive]

▲在2000年底(中、初)[Attheend(middlc;beginning)of2000]

?For[計??????時間]

▲一周[Foroneweek]▲近2個月來[Forihcpast2months]

▲兒乎(整整)一年[Fornearlyamonth(afullmonth)]

▲3個月左右[For3monthsorso]▲至少3個月[Foratleast3months]

▲3個月以上［Formorethan3months］A3個月或以上［For3monthsormore］

▲時間不詳［Foranunknown(indefinite)period(time)］

?Ofl在……時期］

▲10年內(nèi)［Of10years'duration］▲期間［Lengthoftime］A6月6日［The6thofJune］

?Dring［在……期間］

▲在這4年中［Duringfburyears］▲在過去的幾周r|1［Duringthepast(Last)coupleofweeks］

▲在夜間［Duringthenight］▲整天［Duringtheentireday］

,About［約］

▲約1個半小時［Aboutoneandhalfanhour］▲大約半年［Abouthalfayear］

?To［至；在……之前］

▲6點45分［Atfifteentoseven］

?From［從..起］

▲從14歲至52歲［From14to52year-old］▲從上午7點30分開始［Form7:30AM］

▲從周一至周五［FromMondaythroughFriday］

?Past［過去；超過］

▲在過去的3周中［Inthepast3weeks］A8點10分［tenminutespasteight］

?Throughorthroughout［在..整個期間］

▲通宵值班［Beondutythroughthenight］▲從,月到六月［FromJanuarythroughJune］

▲熬過明晚［Throughthenextnigut］▲整天(晚)［Throughouttheday(night)］

?Over［在……期間］

▲在過去的2個月內(nèi)［Overthepasttwomonths］▲一夜間［Overnight］

(6)其他表示方法

?每月(年、II)一次［Monthly(Yearly;daily)］?整整一年［Yearlong(Year-round)］

?滿周歲［Yearling］?工作日［Weekday］?周末［Weekend］?每周末［Weekends］

,8小時工作II［Aneight?hourday］?整天［Daylong］?白天［Daytime］?晝夜［Nighttime］

,日常的［Day-to-day］?夏令時間［Daylightsavingtime］?每晚［Nightly］?黃昏［Nighf磯］

,過期的［Overdue］?前天晚上(一夜間)［Overnight］

?After［在...之后］

▲婚后［Afterone'smarriage］▲住(出)院后［Afteradmission(discharge)］

▲起病后2天［2daysaftertheonset(attack)ofsymptoms］

,Befbre［在...之前］

▲7點50分之前［Befbresevenfifty］▲醫(yī)生到達前［Befbrethedoctorcome］

▲以前未有種癥狀［Havehadnotthesamesymptombefbre］

?Ago［以前］

▲5年前［5yearsago］▲直到一個月前［Uptoonemonthago］▲大前天［Threedaysago］

?Priorto［在...之前］

▲入(出)院前［Priortoadmission(discharge)］▲前天之前［Priortothedaybefbreyesterday］

,Upto［直到］

▲直到3周前［Upto3weeksago］▲直到現(xiàn)在(出院)［Uptonow(discharge)］

?Untilortill［直到］

▲直到80歲［Until80yearsold］▲直到今晨8點［Until8o'clockthismoning］

▲直到醫(yī)生查完房［Untilthedoctorhavefinishedthewardround］

▲直至lj3年以前［Until3yearsago］▲直到出院前一天［Until1daypriortodischarge］

?By［在……之前］

▲下午點鐘前［By5PM］▲下個月之前［Bynextmonth］

?Since［從...開始］

▲自從去年術后［Sinceoperationwasperfbnnedlastyear］

▲前天起［Sincethedaybeforeyesterday］▲從2002年6月起［SinceJune2002］

?超時(加班)［Overtime］?上午8點［8：00AM］?下午2點30分［2:30PM］

?7點50分［Sevenfifty(Tentoeight)］?9點20分［Ninetwenty(Twentypastorafternine)］

?術前［Pre-operation］?術后［Post-operation］

第三章現(xiàn)病史［Historyofpresentillness(HPI/PI)

1、誘因

?無誘因下［Withnoinducingfactors］?無明顯誘因下［Undernoobviouspredisposingcauses］

?感冒一周后［Aftergetting(catching)commoncoldfbr1week］

2、癥狀出現(xiàn)的敘述

?有……癥狀

AsufferfromAhaveanattackofAhave(fell)Abegintofell

▲afeeling(sensation)of*Acomplain(of)Asensation(feeling)in(of)

▲［發(fā)熱］haveatemperature(becomefeverish)

?在……情況下發(fā)生

▲活動時呼吸困難［dyspneaonexertion］

▲躺下后即出現(xiàn)咳嗽［Coughoccurssoonafterlying］

?與……有(無)關

▲與...有關［beassociatedwith］▲與有關［have(make)relationto］

▲與...無關［have(make)norelationto］

?在……情況下加重(減輕)

▲餐后力口重［becomeworseaftertakingmeals］▲站立后緩解［berelievedbystandingup］

▲隨呼吸和咳嗽而力口重［becomemoreseverewithbreathingandcough］

?伴有..Abeaccompaniedby

3、起病方式

?急性腹痛［acuteabdominalpain］?慢性低熱［chroniclowerfever］

?暴發(fā)性發(fā)病［theonsetwasfulminating］?驟起胸痛［anexplosiveonsetofchestpain］

?突然起病伴高熱［theonsetwassuddenwithhighfever］

?突發(fā)突止［attacksbeganandendedabruptly］

?因..而突然起病［theattackisprecipitatedby］?很快發(fā)生暈厥［syncopeoccuredrapidly］

?逐漸出現(xiàn)咳嗽咳痰［gradualonsetofcoughandsputum］

?偶而［occasionally(sporadically,accidentally)］

?反復胸悶心悸［recurrent(boutsof)chestdiscomfortandpalpitation］

?一過性發(fā)作［transitoryattack］?連續(xù)胸痛［chestpaincontinually］?時重時輕［wanedandwaxed］

,時好時壞［hanginthebalance］?不停地咳嗽［haveafitofcough］

?發(fā)作性呼吸困難［paroxysmalshortofbreath］?頻繁咳嗽［coughfrequently(veryoften)］

?持續(xù)性(間歇性)［persistent(intermittent)］?頻發(fā)胸痛［frequentepisodesofchestpain］

?持續(xù)不變［besteady］

4、病情變化描述

?［癥狀好轉］

▲fellbetterthanbefbreAtakeafavorableturnAtakeaturnforthebetterAimprove

▲makefavorableprogressAtumforthebetterAchangeforthebetterAbebetter

?［癥狀減輕］

AalleviateAreduceApalliateJkdiminishAease(lighten)Amitigate

?［癥狀消失］

AdisappearAsubsideAregressAclearupAvanishAdissolveAdie(fade)awayArelieve

?［癥狀加重］

▲be(make,become,get)worseAworsenAbecomemoresevereAtakeaturnfortheworse

▲beaggravatedAincreaseinseverityAtakeabadturnAmake(become)moreserious

▲make(become)heavier

?［無變化］

AremainthesameasAcontinuewithoutchangeAbeidcnticalAbealikcAbesimilar

Aresemble

?［時好時壞］

▲waneandwaxAhanginthebalance

?［體溫/血壓升降］

▲升至［rise(goup)to］▲J升至［haverisen(goneup)to］

▲從...升至［goupfromto］▲升至［beelevatedto］

▲迅速下降［fhH(decline,abate)abruptly］▲驟降(升)［suddendrop(elevation)］

▲漸降(升)［fhll(elevate)gradually］▲緩慢下降［slowcrisis(lysis)of］

▲一天天下降［be(become)lowerdaybyday］▲開始降低［begintoremit］

▲降至正常［drop(wasreduced)tonormal］▲已降至［havegonedown(dropped)to］

▲回復到正常［return(revert)tonormal］

▲由...降(升)至［fall(elevate)fromto］

▲維持在...水平［maintainatalevelof,］▲穩(wěn)定在［stabilizeat］

▲熱退Z［feverdisappeared］▲不超過［donotgoupover(exceed)］

▲在..和之間波動［fluctuate(vary)betweenand］

▲在.至范圍內(nèi)［rangefromto］

▲平均38.5℃［anaveragetemperatureof38.5℃］

▲有39.2℃的體溫［havefever(atemperature)of39.2℃］

5、癥狀的時間表示

?持續(xù)

▲lastedfor2daysAhavegoneonfbr1monthAhavecontinuedfor10hours

▲lastedontheaverage3-5hoursAlastedavariabletimefrom5minutestoseveralhours

▲lastedabouthalfanhour

?超過(不到)［movethan(lessthan)］以前［twoyearsago］

?多在..時發(fā)生［usuallybetween3and5PM］

,未發(fā)作過［befreeofonsets(attacks)fbr2weeks］

6、癥狀的嚴重程度

?輕度［mild(slight)］?中度［moderate］?重度［severe(serious)］

7、癥狀的其他描述方法

?［部位］

▲belocated(situated)in(over)［位于］▲Thereislocalizedpainin［疼痛位于］

▲near［在附近］Abelocalizedto(in,over)［局限于］

▲belimited(confined)to[局限于]

?[表示部位的介詞]

▲心尖部，表示小的部位或點回theapex]▲上腹部，表示大的部位[也theupperabdomen]

▲在左下肢，表示皮膚表面上(下)的病變?1(beneath)thelefHowerlimb]

▲在右肺，表示正上方的相應體表部位〔overtherightlung]

▲嘴I：(下)方，表示高低或上下的位置關系[above(below)themouth]

▲左乳皮下〔widertheskinoftheleftbreast]

?[轉移/放射]

▲轉移到...[shift(migrate)to]▲放射到[radiate(travel,go,refer)to]

▲從...放射到[radiatefromto]

?[耳鼻咽喉及口腔癥狀]

▲耳痛[otalgia(painofears)]▲耳鳴[tinnitus(earsring)]

▲耳鳴[abuzzing(ringing,singing)intheears]

▲左耳有耳鳴感[abuzzingsensationintheleftear]▲耳聾[deafness(lossinhearing)]

▲左耳聾[bedeafoftheleftear]▲耳流膿[otorrhea(otopyorrhea)]▲耳出血[otorrhagia]

▲耳垢[cerumen(earwax)]▲耳血腫[othematoma]▲鼻塞[nasalobstruction]

▲不能用鼻呼吸[beunabletobreathethrough(by)thenose(nasaldyspnea)]

▲打噴涕和流涕[sneezingandnasaldischarge]▲水樣鼻涕[wateryrhinorrhea]

▲鼻出血[nosebleed]▲咽喉痛[sorethroat]▲口吃[stuttering]

▲口臭[ozostomia(saburra,halitosis)]▲張口困難[difficult(inability)toopenthemouth]

▲張口(吞咽、嚼)困難[difficultinopeningthemouth(swallowing,masticating)]

▲咽下困難[dysphagia]▲流涎多[haveexcessivesalvation]

?[眼科及牙科癥狀]

▲眼瞼浮腫[eyelidedema]▲眼痛[painintheeyes]

▲視邊模糊[blurringofvision(blurredvision)]▲過度流淚[excessivetearing(watering)]

▲視疲勞[asthenopia(visionaltired)]▲視力減退[hypopsia(diminutionofvision)]

▲視力衰弱[ophthalmocopia]▲遠(近)視力模糊[indistinctdistant(near)vision]

▲失明[lossofvision]▲搏動性牙痛[throbbingpainoftooth(odontalgia)]

▲牙齦出血[gingivalbleeding]▲牙齦萎縮(增生)[gingivalatrophy(hypertrophy)]

▲牙周溢膿[peripyema]

?[婦產(chǎn)科癥狀]

▲月經(jīng)過多[excessivemenstrualflow(menorrhagia)]

▲月經(jīng)多并伴血塊[experiencemenorrhagiawithpassageofclots]

▲經(jīng)量少(中等、多)[mild(moderate,heavy)menses]▲月經(jīng)過少[hypomenorrhea]

▲陰道出血[vaginalbleeding(colporrhagia)]

▲陰道大出血[massive(profuse)vaginalbleeding]

▲無痛性(性交后)陰道出血[painless(postcoital)vaginalbleeding]

▲陰道干燥[colpoxerosis]▲月經(jīng)規(guī)則(不規(guī)則)[rugular(irregu