thttht課程名稱：翻理論與踐本三級二期英英互選內主教苗．a(chǎn)DigitalEmilyFeldanativeofanewplanet.Whilethe20-year-olduniversityliveinLondon,muchofhertimeinanotheroutinthedigitalofwebsites,e-mails,textandmobilecalls.ThebehaviourofFeldandhergeneration,sayisshapedbydigitalasbefore,herboldlybefore.Itevenbetheevolution,transformingwaywethink.“Onewenttomeetfriendintown,andwasaboutminutesrealisedI’dleftmymobileatIfivemilesbacktocollectit.Ifeltsocompletelylostwithoutit,panicked.toitonmealltimes...”That'swhata“digitalnative”,oneneverknownaworldwithoutinstantcommunication.．潑節(jié)潑水節(jié)是傣族的年節(jié)。按照傣歷，它在清明節(jié)后四月十三日至十五日之間。潑水是傣族年節(jié)的主要喜慶活動們相互潑水表示洗去身上一年的污塵祝福新的一年幸福平安。潑水有文潑和武潑之分。文潑是對長者的，舀起一勺凈水，說著祝福的話，拉開對方的衣領水著脊梁下去潑人高興地接受祝福潑則沒有固定的形式，用瓢、用盆、用桶都可以，互相追逐，迎頭蓋臉地潑。被人潑的水越多，說明受到的祝福越多，被潑的人也越高興。TheTheWater-splashingDayistheNewYearFestivaltheDainationality.AccordingtheDai’scalendar,itcomesafterthesomedaybetweenApril13April.SplashingwateristheactivitytheNewYearFestivaltheDainationality.wateragainstonetowashawaywholeyearmisfortuneandtowishforhealthandsafetyintheNewYear.ThereareofOneisgentlesplashing,whileotherisfreesplashing.Gentleparticularlytheelderly.Withbestwishes,peoplealadleofcleanwaterandopentheelder’scollartoletthewaterrundowntheback.The

elderlyissplashedtheblessingshappily.Whereasfreehasnofixedform,thatanytoolsuchasladle,basinandaretochaseafteroneanotherandwateragainstfreely.Ifsplashedwithmorewater,onealltheforitreceivingMNEThemultinational(MNE),whichalsomultinational(MNC),isactorsincontemporaryarenowdecisiveinshapingoftrade,investment,technologyamongmultinationalenterprisehasimportantittounderstandworldwithoutanappreciationofmultinationalproducers,investors,ascale.Nationalmusttakethisforceseriouslybecauseofonbalanceofpayments.Moreover,manyviewthemultinationalenterprisesasarepresentinganintrusionintodomainacompanywhichcontrolledbyaheadquartersininwhichhomecountryofofthethemultinationalenterprisecomegrowingattackbyandprotectionistwhoitwithjobsandtomultinationalemergedfromworldthethcentury,multinationalasweknowittodayanunprecedentedduringtheand1960s.Atthattime,inandliberalizationanditpossibleformultinationaloperateaglobal跨國企業(yè)也跨國公司是今國際舞臺上的主要角色之一們的世界性經(jīng)營活動已經(jīng)成為各國之間貿(mào)易資和技術流動格局的決定力量國企業(yè)體系在世界經(jīng)濟中的地位日益重要不認識跨國企業(yè)在全球范圍內發(fā)揮的生產(chǎn)者商創(chuàng)新者的作用，就無法理解世界經(jīng)濟。各國政府也必須認真對待這股力量，因為它對各國的生產(chǎn)、易和國際收支的影響十分巨大且許多國家的政府把跨國企業(yè)視為一種政治威脅現(xiàn)的是受設在別國總部控制的公司對自己國土的入侵至在美國有半以上世界上最大

的跨國企業(yè)的國家國企業(yè)也受到勞工組織和其他保護主義團體日益增加的攻擊責們輸出就業(yè)機會和技術，危害了美國經(jīng)濟。19世后期，跨國企業(yè)就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在世界經(jīng)濟舞臺上。但是我們今天所了解的跨國企業(yè)卻是在本世紀50年和60年以前所未有的速度發(fā)展起來的。在5060年代通訊和交通奇跡般的改善際貿(mào)易和支付的大規(guī)模自由化得跨國企業(yè)能夠在全球范圍內從事經(jīng)營活動。我能天人(侯寶林還是從火車上說起吧！大約在我四歲多的時候，我坐過火車帶坐車的人是的舅舅，叫張全斌。我記得那時我的打扮挺滑稽的，穿著藍布大褂、小坎肩，戴瓜皮小帽。那時候，小孩子打扮成那個樣子，夠不錯了。在我的童年中，也就只有過這么一次。在火車上，因為小，沒坐過火車，也很少見過家里以外的人，覺得挺新鮮。也許人在幼年時代終歸想要些溫暖吧！那時舅舅抱著我，哄著我，我覺得很溫暖。一路上吃了半斤炒栗子，睡了一會兒覺，就到了北京。根據(jù)這個情況，現(xiàn)在估計起來，我可能是從天津來的。我現(xiàn)在對我原來的父母還有個模糊不清的印象，父親親形象還能回憶起一點兒，但很模糊。究竟家里姓什么？哪里人？不知道只知道自己的生日和乳名日是自己長大以后聽家里大人說的是農(nóng)歷十月十五酉時生人以的乳名酉京人愛用兒化韻面?zhèn)€小，后面加“兒”，就叫“小酉兒”。關于我個人的歷史情況，我就知道這一些，再多一點都記不起來了。mighthavecomefromTianjin.BaolinLetmebeginwithmytriponthetrain.WhenIaboutfouryearsoldIhadtraveledbytrain.ThemanItraveledwithwasmyuncleZhangQuanbin.IstillrememberhowfunnyIlookedthewayIwasinclothgownwithashortsleevelessjacketoveritandaskullcaponhead.Inthosedaysitwasgoodenoughforsmallkidstobedressedlikethat.However,wasmyonlyexperiencetoboastaboutmychildhood.AsIhadnevertraveledbytrainormetanyoneoutsidemyfamilybefore,Ifelteverythingonthetrainwasnewtome.Probablyinchildhood,oneneedssomecomfort.Sittinginmyuncle’slap,beinghumoredalltheIwasvery

Weatehalfajinofroastchestnut,hadanapandarrivedinBeijing.WiththehintsmentionedaboveIassumeImighthavecomefromTianjin.EventodayIcanrecollectwhatmyownparentslookedlikebut,ofimpressionisblurry.Asforwhatmyfamilynamewheremyparentscamefrom,tknow.Ionlyrememberthatmybirthdaybymyfoster-parentswhenIgrewup.wasborninthe“youperiod(between5-7p.m.),15ofthe10thlunarmonth.SoIwasnamedYou.PrefixedwithXiao-young,andsuffixedwithadiminutiveintimateofaddressingyoungandsmallthingsbyBeijingers,myname,therefore,becameXiaoYour.isallIknowaboutmychildhoodandbeyondthatdonotremembermuchelse.．TheDifferencebetweenaBrainandaComputerIsaacAsimovThedifferencebetweenabrainandcanbeexpressedinasingleword:complexity.Thelargemammalianbrainisthemostcomplicatedthing,foritssize,knowntous.Thehumanbrainweighsthreepounds,butinthatthreepoundsaretenbillionneuronsandahundredbillionsmallercells.Thesemanyofcellsareinterconnectedinavastlycomplicatednetworkthatwecanbegintounravelasyet.Eventhemostcomplicatedcomputermanhasyetbuiltcantcompareinintricacywiththebrain.Computerswitchesandcomponentsnumberinthethousandsratherthaninthebillions.What’more,theswitchisjustanon2off,whereasthebraincellisitselfpossessedofatremendouslystructure.Canacomputerdependsonyoumean”solvingmathematicalproblemis“thinking”acomputercan“think”dosomuchfasterthanaman.Ofcourse,mostmathematicalproblemscanbesolvedquitemechanicallybyrepeatingcertainstraightprocessesoverandoveragain.Eventhesimplecomputersoftodaycanbegearedforthat.Itisfrequentlysaidthatcomputerssolvebecausetheyare“programmed”todoso.canonlydowhatmenhavethemdo.Oneremember

thathumanbeingsalsodo“programmed”do.Ourgenes“program”theinstantfertilizedovumis,andourpotentialitiesarelimitedbythat“”O(jiān)ur“program”issoenormously,though,thatwemightliketo“thinking”termsofthecreativitythatgoesintowritingagreatplayorcomposingagreatsymphonyinconceivingabrilliantscientifictheoryoraprofoundethicaljudgment.Inthatsense,computerscertainlythinkandneithercanmosthumans.Surely,though,ifacomputercanbemadecomplexenough,canbeascreativeaswe.Ifitcouldbemadeascomplexasahumanitcouldbetheequivalentofahumanbrainanddowhateverahumanbraincando.TosupposeanythingelseistothatthereistothehumanbrainthanthethatcomposesThebrainismadeupofcellsinacertainarrangementandthecellsaremadeupofatomsmoleculescertainarrangements.Ifanythingelseisthere,nosignsofitdetected.Toduplicatethematerialcomplexityofthebrainisthereforetoduplicateeverythingaboutit.Buthowlongwilltaketobuildacomputercomplexenoughduplicatethehumanbrain?Perhapsnotaslongassomebeforeapproachacomputerascomplexasourbrain,wewillperhapsbuildacomputerthatisatleastcomplexenoughtodesignanothercomputermorecomplexthanitself.Thismorecomplexcoulddesignonestillmorecomplexandsoonandsoonandsoon.?Inotherwords,oncewepasscertaincriticalpoint,thecomputerstakeoverandthere“complexityexplosion”Inaveryshorttimethereafter,computersmayexistthatnotonlyduplicatethehumanbrainbutfarsurpassit.Thenwhat?Well,mankindisnotdoingaverygoodjobofrunningearthrightnow.Maybe,whentheweoughttostepandhandoverthejobtosomeonewhocandoitbetter.Andifwestepaside,perhapsSupercomputerwillsimplymoveinandpushus電腦與人腦的差異[美]艾薩克·阿西莫夫

孫致禮譯注電腦與人腦的差,可以用一個眼來概括復雜性。大型哺乳動物的大腦就其體積而,是我們所知曉的最復雜的機體。人腦只有三,但就在這三磅物質,卻包含著一億個神經(jīng)細,以及一千億個更小的細胞上億千億的細胞相互聯(lián),形成一個無復雜的網(wǎng)人類迄今還無法解開這其中的奧秘。即便人類現(xiàn)今研制出的最復雜的電,其復雜程度也無法與人腦相比。電腦的轉換器和元件只是成千上,而不是上百、上千億。更重要的電腦的轉換器僅是一種開關裝置,而人腦細胞本身卻有著極其復雜的內部結構。電腦能思考?這取于你如何理解“思考”的含義。如果解一道數(shù)學題可算“思考”的話,那么電腦也能“思考,而速度比人快得多。當大多數(shù)數(shù)學題只需通過十分機械地不斷重復某種簡單的過,就得到解決。如即使簡單的電腦也能勝任這一工作。人們常說,電腦之所以能解決問,只因為它們給輸入了解決問題程它只能做人讓它們做的事。我們應該記,類同樣也只能按照“程序”辦事。受精卵一形,基因就給我們編好了“程序”,們的潛能也就要受到這個“程序”的限制。不過,我們的“程序”要復雜得因我們更喜歡用創(chuàng)造力來界定“思考”的意義。有了這種創(chuàng)造,就能寫出偉大的劇創(chuàng)作不朽的樂,提出卓越的科學理論,創(chuàng)立深奧的倫理觀點。從這個意義上講,電腦然不能思人類的大多數(shù)也做不到。可是,如果能把電腦造得足夠復雜的,那它一定能像人一樣富于創(chuàng)造力電腦能像人腦那樣復,它就能與人腦旗鼓相完人腦所能做的一切。如果還要設想什么的,那就設想人腦除了構成它的物質之還有什么別的奧秘是由細胞按一定的方式組合而成而腦細胞又是由原子和分子按一定的方式組合而成的。假如真有別的奧秘存,我們可從未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何跡象。因,制出人腦復雜的物質結構,也復制出了它的一切。但是,研制一臺復雜程度與人腦相當?shù)碾娔X需要多長時間也許不像有些人想象的那么長在我們研制出和人腦一復雜的電腦之,們也許能造出這樣一臺電腦,其復雜程度至少能使它設計出一臺比它更復雜的電腦更雜的電腦又能設計出一臺更更復雜的電腦,以此類推，一代代地研制去。也就是說,一旦我們過了某個臨電腦就會取得主宰地,出現(xiàn)一雜爆炸此后用不了多久就出現(xiàn)這樣的電,它不僅能跟人腦相匹敵———而且會遠遠勝過人腦。

到那時會怎么樣呢?唉反人現(xiàn)在也沒有做好管理地球的工作到那時,我們真該豁達大度地讓到一邊,把工交給更為稱職的去做我們不主動讓位也許超級電腦就會老實不客氣地闖進來,把我推到一邊。．黎前北天氣一天比一天寒冷。北海公園的湖上已結了厚厚的冰層，馬路兩旁樹木上的葉子已經(jīng)落盡，只有光禿禿的樹枝在寒風中瑟瑟顫抖著。北平已被強大的人民解放軍包圍，城門緊閉，糧食、蔬菜、魚肉都運不進來。我們吃著早已準備的醬蘿卜，有時也用黃豆泡豆芽。時不時可以聽見解放軍的炮聲。但是北平城內還有著數(shù)量龐大的國民黨軍隊，雖然已如甕中之鱉但如果負隅頑抗仍將給人民的生命財產(chǎn)造成巨大的損失去何從？急待抉擇。當時，統(tǒng)帥這批軍隊的傅作義將軍在無可奈何的情況下，邀請了北平的一些學者名流，征詢意見。會場設在中南海內，空氣異常嚴肅緊張。傅作義將軍作了簡短的致詞，表示愿意虛心聽取大家的意見。墻上的掛鐘“滴答滴答”地響著，很長時間沒有人發(fā)言。大家只是用疑慮的眼光互相探詢著，擔心如果發(fā)言要求和平解放北平，會帶來很大的風險。最后，沉默的空氣還是被打破了。許多人紛紛發(fā)言，熱烈希望傅作義將軍以北平人民的安全和保護故都文化勝跡為重量爭取早日和平解放北平作將軍一直耐心而認真地聽著大家的發(fā)言。最后，他站起來，表示感謝大家直言不諱。會后人奔走相告感到北平平解放的希望越來越大漫長的黑夜終于即將過去。PeipingbyZhangPeijiItwasgettingcolderwitheachday.TheinBeihaiParkwascoveredwithathicklayerofice.Theroadsidetreeshadbeenstrippedoftheirfoliage,leavingtheirbarebranchesandtwigsshiveringinbitingwind.PeipinghadbeenbesiegedbypowerfulPLAforces.Thecitygatesweretightandsuppliesofgrain,vegetables,fishmeatwerecutoff.Wehadtomakedowiththepickledturnipswehadlaidinlongbeforehandandsometimesatehome-grownsoybeansproutsinstead.

NowandthenthePLAartillerywasheardboomingwhileentrenchedinsidethecitywereanenormousnumberofKuomintangThoughbottledupliketurtlesinajar,theycouldneverthelesscauseatremendouslossoflifepropertytolocalinhabitantsshouldtheyputalast-ditchresistance.Tosurrenderornottosurrender—wasthequestionawaitingpromptbyGeneralFuZuoyi,thenincommandoftheKMTFacedwithdilemma,thegeneralwasobligedtocallinsomelocalscholarsandcelebritiesforconsultation.TheymetZhongnanhaianextremelysolemnandtenseatmosphere.GeneralFumadeabriefopeninginwhichexpressedhiswillingnesstowithopenmindtoopinions.Thereupon,allwasquietexceptforthetick-tockoftheclockonthewall.Foralongthewholegatheringkeptsilentandquestioninglyfromonetoanotherwitheyesfullofmisgivings.TheywereafraidthattheycouldgetthemselvesintogreattroublespeakinginfavourofthepeacefulliberationofPeiping.Atlonglast,however,silencewasbrokenwhenmanybegantospeakoneafteranothertourgetheGeneralfirstpriorityprotectingthelocalpeopleandtheculturalrelicsofthecapital,andthereforedoeverythinghecouldtoensurepeacefulsolutionasaspossible.TheGeneral,whohadbeenlisteningwithpatienceandattention,finallyrosetohisfeettothankeverybodyforspeakingtheirmindsplainly.Afterthemeeting,peoplelostnotimeinspreadingthegoodnews,feelingmoreandmorehopefulofthepeacefulliberationofPeipingandthefinalspeedyconclusionofthelongdarknight.．TheThreeNewYorksElwynBrooksWhiteThereareroughlythreeNewYorks.Thereis,first,theNewofthemanorwomanwhowasbornhere,whotakestheforgrantedandacceptsanditsturbulenceasnaturalandinevitable.Second,thereistheNewYorkofthecommuter--thecitythatisdevouredbylocustseachdayandouteach

Third,thereistheNewYorkofthepersonwhowasbornsomewhereandcametoNewYorkinquestofsomething.Ofthesethreetremblingcitiesthegreatestisthelast--thecityoffinaldestination,thecitythatisagoal.ItisthisthirdcitythatforNewYork'shigh-strungdisposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,anditsincomparableachievements.Commutersgivethecityitstidalrestlessness;nativesgiveitsolidityandcontinuity;butsettlersgiveitpassion.AnditisfarmerarrivingfromItalytosetupasmallgrocerystoreinaslum,orayounggirlarrivingfromasmalltowninMississippitoescapetheindignityofbeingobservedbyherneighbors,aboyarrivingfromtheCornBeltwithamanuscriptinhisandinhisheart,itmakesnodifference:eachembracesNewwiththeIntenseexcitementfirstlove,eachabsorbsNewYorkwithfresheyesofanadventurer,eachgeneratesheatandlighttodwarftheConsolidatedEdisonCompany.ThecommuteristhequeerestofTheheinhabitshasnoessentialvitalityofitsownandisamereroostwherehecomesatday'sendtogotoExceptinrarecases,themanlivesinMamaroneckorLittleNeckorTeaneck,andworksinNewYork,discoversmuchaboutthecityexceptthetimeofarrivalanddepartureoftrainsandbuses,toaquickHeisdesk-bound,andhasnever,idlyroaminginthegloaming,stumbledonBelvedereTowerinthepark,seenrampartsrisesheerfromthewaterofthepond,andtheboysalongtheshorefishingforminnows,girlsstretchedoutnegligentlyontheshelvesoftherocks;hehasnevercomesuddenlyonanythingatallinNewYorkasaloiterer,becausehehadnotimebetweentrains.HehasfishedinManhattan'swalletdugcoins,hasneverlistenedtoManhattan'sbreathing,neverawakenedtoitsmorning,neverdroppedofftosleepinitsnight.About400,000menandwomencomechargingontotheIslandeachweek-daymorning,outofthemouthsoftubesandtunnels.NotmanyamongthemhaveeverspentadrowsyafternooninthegreatrustlingoakensilenceofthereadingroomofPublicLibrary,withthebookelevator(likeanoldwateroutbooksontotheTheytendtheirfurnacesinWestchesterandinJersey,buthaveneverthefurnacesof

theBowery,theonwinternights.TheymayinthefinancialdistrictandseeextravagantofRockefellerCenter--thedaffodilsandgrapehyacinthsandoftheflagstrimmedwindonafinemorningintheymayworkinaofficeandmayletawholeyearswingwithoutsightingGovernor'sIslandfromseaThecommuterdiestremendousmileagetohiscredit,butheisnorover.Hisentrancesandexitsdeviousthanaprairie-dogandhecalmlybridgeisburiedinthemudtheoftheEastRiver.TheLongcarriedmillioncommuterslastyear;butmanyoffellowretracinghisTheterrainofNewYorkisasometimestravelsintheend,acommuter.journeytheIrvingBerlinfromCherryStreetinthelowerEastSideuptownwasanalleyandwasonlythreeorinitwasthreearoundthe.三個紐約埃爾.魯克.懷特孫致禮譯大致說來三約先是些土生土長的男男女女的紐約們座城市習以為常，認為它有這樣的規(guī)模和喧，乃是自然而然、不可避免的。其次是家住郊區(qū)、乘公交車到市內上班的人們的紐約－－座城市每到白天就被如蝗的人群吞噬進去又吐出來。第三是外來人的紐約于他鄉(xiāng)，到紐約來尋求機緣。在這三座充滿騷動的城市中了不起的是最后一座－那座被視為最終歸宿的城市為目標的城市是由于這第三座城市紐才有了張的秉性人氣質、對藝術的執(zhí)著追求、無與倫比的成就。上班族給紐約帶來了潮汐時漲時落的騷動，當?shù)厝吮ＷC了紐約的穩(wěn)固和持續(xù)發(fā)展，而外來人則賦予紐約以激情從意大利來到貧民窟開小雜貨店的農(nóng)夫從密西西比州某小鎮(zhèn)跑出來躲避鄰居的淫目光的年輕姑娘米地帶滿懷酸楚地拎著手稿跑來的小伙子況沒有什么兩個都著戀激擁約個都是以冒險家的新奇目光審視紐約，每個人發(fā)出的光和熱，足以令愛迪生聯(lián)合電氣公司相形見絀。上班族是天下最怪異的人住的郊區(qū)沒有自身的勃勃生機是們晚上回來睡覺的棲息所。那些住在馬馬羅克、利特爾內克、蒂內克，到紐約上班的人，除個別情況

外，對這座城市了無所知，只曉得火車汽車到站離站的時間餐的路徑。這些人整日伏案工作從沒有閑暇徜徉在色之中外地走到公園里的觀景塔跟前見中突兀而起的防護堤沿湖邊釣米諾的男孩大咧咧地舒展著身子躺在石臺上的女孩們從未在紐約游游逛逛偶然遇見什么們從下火車到再上火車間沒有閑工夫的。他們把手伸到曼哈頓的錢包里撈錢到幾個微不足道的小錢卻未聆聽過曼哈頓的鼻息在來時見到曼哈頓的早晨未在曼哈頓的夜幕中入睡過工日的早晨，大約有40萬男女女走出地道、隧道口，涌上曼哈頓島。他們之中沒有多少人跑到公共圖書館沉寂得只能聽到沙沙聲的閱覽室洋地度過一個下午看著圖書傳送機像舊水輪一樣將吐在書盤里他們在斯特切斯特和澤西燒火爐從未見過鮑厄里街在氣溫降至零度的冬夜用油桶燒火取暖們能在市中心的金融區(qū)工作從未見過洛克菲勒中心那枝繁葉茂的花木－－春光明媚早晨黃水仙風子和鳶尾花，齊嶄嶄地迎風搖曳。他們的辦公地點可能位于商業(yè)區(qū)和居住區(qū)之間一到頭也沒從海堤上眺望過加弗納斯島。上班族一生中有驚人的行程是從未東游西逛過們進進出出的地方比草原犬鼠的地洞群還要曲曲彎彎。即使火車陷進東河底的淤泥中，他們也會若無其事地只管打橋牌。去年，僅長島鐵路就運載了4千上班族，只不過許多人是反反復復往返乘車罷了。紐約的地形比較特別，有時住在城里的人最終走的路可能比上班族還要遠。作曲家歐文·柏林是通過一條小巷，從下東區(qū)來到住宅區(qū)公寓，原本只有三四英里路程，卻好像繞著地球走了三圈。．書籍孫我同書籍，即將分離。我雖非英雄，頗有垓下之感，即無可奈何。這些書，都是在全國解放以后，來到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中間成套成批。有的來自京滬，有的來自蘇杭。最初，囊中羞澀，也曾交臂相失。中間也曾一擲百金，稍有豪氣。總之，時歷三十余年，我同他們，可稱故舊。十年浩劫，我自顧不暇，無心也無力顧及它們。但它們輾轉多處，經(jīng)受折磨、潮濕、踐踏、撞破，終于還是回來了。失去了一些，我有些惋惜，但也不愿去尋覓它們，因為我失去的東西，比起它們，更多也更重要。它們回到寒舍以后，我對它們的情感如故。書無分大小、貴賤、古今、新舊，只要是我想保存的，因之也同我共過患難的，一視同仁。洗塵，安置，撫慰，唏噓，它們大概是已經(jīng)

體味到了。近幾年，又為它們添加了一些新伙伴。這些新書，進入我的書架，我不再打印章，寫名字，只是給它們包裹一層新裝，記下到此的歲月。這是因為，我意識到，我不久就會同它們告別了。我的命運是注定了的。但們各自的命運，我是不能預知，也不能擔保的。BooksByTranslatedSoonI,llpartwithmybooks;haveto,thewaytheancientheroXiangYupartedwithhisfavoriteladyYuJiatThebookshadatmyhomesince1949,theyearthecountrywasliberated(fromKMTrule).Atfirsttheycamepiecemealand,later,setorinbulk,somefromBeijingandShanghai,somefromSuzhouandHangzhou.Duringthefirstfewyears,asIwasfinanciallyembarrassed,sometimesIhadtoturnfromthebooksthatIwouldhavelikedtogiveeverythinginexchangefor.However,therewereoccasionsonwhichIthrewmymoneyonbookswithquitesenseoflavishgenerosity.Inhavingkepteachothercompanyforoveryears,lifelongintimacywithDuringyearsofthedisastrous“culturalrevolution”Iinmoodto,norwasIfitenoughtobotheraboutmybooks,wasnotevenwhereImyselfwouldendup.But,havingbeentakenfromplacetogettingmoistenedanddamaged,torturedandtrampledunderfoot,theyeventuallyhadcomebacktome.Someofthemhadgotlost,whichIwasreallysorry,butIthoughtwouldnotgoandretrievethem,forIhadhadtointhoseyearswhatIhadotherthanthebooksfarmoreimportant.AftertheirreturnhomeIfeltaboutthemwiththesameaffectionasIdidearlier.Itreatedthemalike,whethertheywerebigorsmall,oldornew,expensiveorinexpensive,classicalcontemporary,sincetheyhadbeeninmycollectionand,therefore,gonethroughthickandthinwithme.Iwouldsighwithsignificance,whenIdustedandcaressedthemandthenfoundplaceforthemtogoto.IguessedtheymusthavehowIfeltabouttheirreturn.

DuringlastcoupleofyearsIhadfoundthemsomenewcompanions.Ilongerstampedmysealorwroteonthem,puttingthemontothebookshelves,exceptthatIclothedthemwithanewcoverandputdowntheoftheirarrival.ThiswasIwaswellawarethatitwouldnotbelongbeforeIbidfarewelltomymyfatehadbeenpredestined.Asforwhatwouldtotheirs,Icouldnotforetell,muchlesscouldguarantee.．RosesWayIthasnowbeenfiveyearssinceMargaretThatcherresignedasBritain’PrimeMinister.Inherheydayshestrodetheinternationalheadlineswithsuchbravurathatsheseemedinevitable,anaturalforce.Theworldstageseemedjusttherightsizeforher,asshechaffedherconservativemateRonaldorflatteredthe“man”MikhailGorbachev.Nowthepoliticalworldhasbeguntofocusontheimmensityofherachievement.HowonearthdidshetogetShewaselectedtoParliamentat32in1958(fiveyearsbeforeTFemininewaspublished).Sheparriedherwaythroughthecomplacent,male-dominatedcouncilsofpower—womanhadeverroiledthosewaters.Couldn’theoldseehercoming?Aftertherewasnothingsubtleaboutherpersonalityorherapproach.AstoPower(Harper2Collins;656pages;＄,thesecondofherautobiography,makesclear,ThatcherwastoosimpleanddirectfortheTories,withtheirheavyofclassandcompromise.Shetraveledlight,proudofherrootsasa’daughterfromthesmalltownofGranthambutnevertetheredbyworkingclassresentmentsordelusionsofinferiority.Herparentshertheveritiestheybelievedin:Methodism,hardwork,thriftandtheimportanceoftheindividual.Shehasneverwaveredfromthem,andtheyrunthroughthebook.“Nothinginourhousewaswasted.Or“hadlessleisuretimethanotherchildren.”Theseareboastsofchildhoodrecalledintranquility.LatertheybecameaphilosophyBeingconservativeisnevermerelymatterofincomebut

awholewayoflife,awilltotakeresponsibilityfor”Fromstart,shenoteswithbemusement,therewasacontrastbetweenherown“executivestyle”andhercolleagues“moreconsultivestyle.”Thatcherlaiddownthelaw.Inher11-yearleadership,shebrokethecripplingpowerofBritishunionsmademanythousandsofhercountrymenhomeowners,strengthenedBritishtieswiththeU.S.theUnionandgavevoicetoBritain’sreluctanceaboutjoiningEurope,reluctancethatstillplagueshersuccessor,JohnMajor.TheDowningStreetthefirstvolumeofhercoveredtimeinpower.Thisisinterestingandbetterfun,aformidableleaderlookingbackonherearlywinningbattles.SheisknownastheIronLady,butasapretty,naiveyoungpolcutthroughcant,prevaricationandsomeveryrealproblems,shemusthavebeenexhilaratingg.Herrise,asshedescribedthestarisbornpresscoveragethatgreetedhermaideninCommons,,rosesalltheway.”Inafinalsectiononthe90spoliticalscene,shecallsforreneweddedicationtoherprinciples.TheimperiledJohnMajorcannottakecomfortinthetimingofhePathtoPower.ThatcherhasrelentlesslyfloggedthebookinBritainandtheU.S.,givingTVinterviewsthatscourgewhatsheseesasthecollapseofhercountry’sleadershipTheonethingshetsayishatasthisoldcenturydrawstoaclose,theresimplytleaders.Thatcherwasone.(FromTIMEJuly10,1995)鋪玫的瑪.菲劉聰馬格麗特.撒切爾辭去英國首相務已經(jīng)五年了(政治生涯的盛時期她以光彩照人的風格而成為國際上的新聞人物好像必然如此她是一股自然的力量在她跟他的保守黨精神伙伴羅納德.里根趣時，或是在奉新人”米哈伊.戈爾巴喬夫時，這個世界看來恰好是適合她馳騁的舞臺。現(xiàn)在政界開始把注意力集中在她的輝煌的政績上。她到底是如何進入政界的呢？1958年（《女性的奧秘》發(fā)表前五年）她三十二歲時被選進議會。她左擋右閃闖進了那些由自滿

的男人控制的權力機-過不有任何女人到那里去攪和那老家伙們看不到她的到來嗎？其實她的性格和施政手段并沒有什么微妙之處。正如她的第二本自《往權力路哈柏科林斯出版社656頁30美所，對于那些階級意識很重并善于折中的英國保守黨黨員切爾過于簡單直直去。她沒有負擔以己是格蘭瑟小鎮(zhèn)一個雜貨商的女兒而感到自豪是沒有被勞動階級因為地位低下而產(chǎn)生的怨恨或迷惑所束縛的父母教她懂得了他們所相信真理斯教勤節(jié)以個人的重要性于這些信仰從未動搖過些容貫穿著全書。“我們家從不浪費任何東西。”或者是的閑暇時間比別的孩子們都少。”這是在生活平靜下來以后回憶童年時期頗具自豪的語言來這些信仰變成了她的哲學信保守絕不僅僅是收入問題，而完全是一種生活方式，一種為自己用于承擔責任的意志。”一開始，她幾乎是帶著一種困惑注意到，她自己的“施政風格”和她的同僚的“更喜磋商的風格形鮮明的對照。撒爾夫人說了算她達十一年之久的執(zhí)政期間，她削弱了英國工會的破壞力千萬的同胞有了自己的房子了國與美國和蘇聯(lián)的關系，并且明確表示了英國不愿意加入歐洲這個意向至今仍在紛擾著她的繼承人約.梅杰。她的第一本回憶錄《唐寧街的歲月蓋了她的執(zhí)政階段。而這一本書更有意思個令人敬佩的領導人回顧她初登政壇時所打得一個一個的勝仗現(xiàn)以鐵娘子著稱是作為一個漂亮天真年的政治在虛偽和含糊其此得人們中間以及問題成堆的地方披荊斬棘她一定是令人興奮不已聞界在報道她第一次在下院發(fā)表的演說并對其表示贊許時說她是一顆已經(jīng)誕生的新星；撒切爾在描述這一報到時說，她是沿著一條“鋪滿玫瑰的路”冉冉升起的。在最后一部分論述90年代界局時，她號召人們重新獻身她的原則。《通往權利之路》在這個時候出版，身陷困境的約翰是不會感到舒服的撒爾毫不客氣地在英國和美國拋售此書時受電視采訪到了鞭笞在她看來正在搖搖欲墜的英國領導的作用。有一件事她沒有明說，在本世紀即將結束的時候，根本就找不出幾個領導人爾是一個。10．式默馮才學院請來一位洋教師得怪臉發(fā)鬢大胡須幾根胡子一直逾過面頰，挨近鼻子他子足有二米，每屋門必須低頭能過門框子的攔擊叫誤以為他進

門先鞠躬這太講究禮貌了嗎頂怪的是他每與中國學生聊天聊可笑之處時，他不笑，臉上也沒表情，好象他不喜歡玩笑；可是有時毫不可笑的事，他會冷不防放聲大笑，笑得翻江倒海，仰面朝天，幾平連人帶椅子要翻過去，喉結在脖子上亂跳，滿臉胡子直抖。常使中國學生面面相覷，不知這位洋教師的神經(jīng)是不是有點問題？一天洋師出題考學生們洋文作文的水準，題目極簡單便議論議論校園內的一事一物，褒貶皆可。中國學生很靈，一揮而就，洋教師閱后。評出了最佳作文一篇，學生們聽后大為不解這通篇說的文章怎么能被評最佳？原來這篇作文是寫學校食堂。寫作文的學生來自郊區(qū)農(nóng)村，人很老實又,生伯罪校方，妨礙將來畢業(yè)時的分數(shù)、評語、分配工作等等，便不顧真假，胡編亂造，竭力美化，唱贊歌。使得一些學生看后慣慣然可是??洋教師明知校食堂糟糕透頂?shù)臓顩r什么偏要選這篇作文？有人直問洋教師。洋教師說文寫得當然好而且絕妙無比?你們聽一一”他拿起作文念起來們學校最美的地方，不是教室，不是操場，也不是校門口那個帶噴水的小花壇，而是食堂。瞧，玻璃干凈得幾乎叫你看不到它的存在——師念到這兒，眼睛調皮地一亮，眉毛一挑聽多么幽默幽默？怎么會是幽默大家還沒弄明白。洋教師接著念道果你不小心在學校食堂跌了一跤，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你并沒跌跤，因為你身上半點塵上也沒留下果長期在學校食堂里工作怕會把蒼蠅是什么樣子都忘了??”洋教師又停住，舌頭“得”地彈一聲，做一個怪臉說，還要多幽默，我簡直笑得念不下去了學生們忽然明白了什么。洋教師一邊笑邊繼續(xù)往下念天的飯菜有多么精美么豐富么解饞！只有在學校食堂里?你才會感到飯是一種地道的享受??忽然，學生們爆發(fā)起大笑來。依照這種思維，我們會從身邊發(fā)現(xiàn)多少聰明、機智、絕妙、令人捧腹的好文章啊。WesternHumorJicaiOurinstituteemployedanEnglishteacher.Heeverystrange—red-faced,golden-hairedandwithathickgrowthofwhiskers,afewhairsofwhichtravelingallthewaytothenose.Hereallytall—sufficientlysixfeetfiveinches.When

hecameinthroughthedoor,hadtolowerhisheadtoavoidbangingagainstthedoorframe.Itlookedasthoughhealwaysbowedtoyouatthedoorandthatwasmuchtoopolite.WhatwasmoststrangeabouthimwasthatwhenchattedwiththeChinesestudentsonamusingtopics,hedidnotlaugh,nordidhisfaceshowanyexpressionasifhehadnosenseofhumoratHowever,whenitcametotopicsofthemostunamusingnature,hewouldburstoutlaughing,roaringwhilerockinginchair,almosttippingoffandfallingflatonhisback,sappledancingupanddowninhisandhiswhiskerflutteringalloverhisface.Thestudentswouldlookateachother,wonderingifguywasinhisrightmind.OnedayhesettheessaytoseehowwelltheycouldwriteinEnglish,thetopicbeing“CommentonCampusLife—eitherorcritical.Thatwassimple.TheChinesestudents,quickatfinisheditoffatonegoandturneditinintime.Havinggonethroughthestudentstheteacherpickedonethathethoughthebest.Whenheitouttothestudents,perplexed.Ofalltheessays,whydidhelikethisbetter?Notasinglewordofitwastrue.Thearticlewasabouttheinstitutecaferiaandtheauthorwasapeaceabletimidstudentfromavillageintheoutskirts.carenottooffendtheinstituteauthorities—thedecisivefactorconcerninghisfinalgrading,evaluationand,mostimportantofall,wherehewastogoaftergraduation—hadmakeupahigh-soundingstoryinpraiseofthecafeteria,regardlessoftherealities,andthatmadehisclassmatesveryangry.teacher,however,wasnotunawareofthecafeteria’terribleconditions,butwhydidhehavehiseyeonthisinparticular?Someone“Thisiscertainlyagoodessay,heexplained.“Absolutelymatchless!Justlisten?Heupthecompositionandbegantoread.“Themostbeautifulspotoncampusisnottheclassroombuilding,northesports-ground,northelawnwiththefountainatthegate;themostbeautifulspotoncampusospircafeteria.Look!Thewindow-panesarethatyounoticethereisglassinthem?Hepaused,hiseyesflashingwithaglintofandhisbrowsupward.“Listen!Isn’ithumorous?

Humorous?Butwhatwashumorousaboutit?Thepuzzled.“Ifyouwerenotcarefulenough,hecontinued,“andafallonthefloor,youwouldbeamazedtofindthatyouhadnoatallbecauseyounotgetasingleparticleofdustonclothes.Ifyouhadbeenworkinginthecafeterialongenough,youwouldhaveforgottenwhataflylookslike?stopped,tongueclickingrapidlytoshowadmiration.upfunnyexpressiononhisface,hewent“l(fā)isten,please!Doyouthinkanyoneelsemadeitmorehumorous?”Helaughedsoheartilythathecouldhardlycontinue.Bynowthestudentsseemedtobecottoningon.Theteacherwenton,hisreadingpunctuatedbyfitsoflaughter.“Howwonderfullyisthefoodcookedhere!Whatagreatvarietyofdishesyouhaveonthemenuandhowwellyourappetiteissatisfied!Infactitisonlythecafeteriaoftheinstitutethatyoufindeatinganenjoyablebusiness?Suddenlythestudentslaughed,theclassroomwiththeirlaughter.Followingthislogic,Godknowshowmanyarticleswewouldabletoproduce,articlesthatarejustwell-worded,quick-witted,artfully-conceivedandsetyourollingwithlaughter!TwinsBrooksWhite①Onawarm,miserable②morninglastweek③wenttotheBronx④tothe⑤calfandtobreakofblackshoes.Weencounteredbetterluckthanwehadbargainedfor.Thecow⑦andheryoungonewerestandingnear