第二部分題型應對策略|精通四種題型解題技巧，有的放矢多拿分第一講理解文中具體信息一一細節理解題定位對比他各層細節理解題是高考英語閱讀理解中非常重要的一種題型。細節理解題題干針對原文的具體敘述進行提問，主要考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細節、文章的主要事實或文中個別詞句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息題、數字計算題等。定位對比他各層高考全國卷細節理解題題量統計考綱解讀年份卷另別201920182017(1)文章細節對于理解全文內容來說至關重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。(2)命題人員會要求考生根據不同的要求閱讀文章，以獲得某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節。⑶這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。細節理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右。全國卷I677全國卷n1095全國卷m1096剖析題型特點，掌握解題方法》【考查特點】I.把握細節理解題常見的命題方式:(1)特殊疑問句形式：以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。⑵填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關的事實和細節。(3)就文中數字、排序等提問。II.掌握細節細解題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點：直接信息題；綜合細節題。(2)低頻考點：數字計算題；正誤判斷題；細節排序題。［考向1］直接細節題一一精準定位判細節直接細節題即事實認定類細節題，該題型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生對事實做出解釋或者判斷，只需要從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息(有時需要跨段落查找細節信息)。正確選項和原文在表述上沒有太大的變化。常見的設問方式：?Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...Whatwillyou/thestudentsdoonTuesday/ontheCapitalCityBikeTour?WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames?［典例］（2019?全國卷I-A片段）JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合條件）forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities社區）.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhandsonbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.［解題思路］第一步確定題干中的關鍵詞SummerCompany第二步根據關鍵詞定位信息句SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhandsonbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.第三步比對選項確定答案SummerCompany的特別之處在于“它為經營新業務提供獎勵”。自主解答：B技法點金第一步看題目，從題干中提取關鍵信息。第二步采取速讀技巧快速定位原文信息，仔細比對選項和文中細節，進而確定答案。［考向2］綜合細節題一一推理歸納定選項綜合細節題要求考生在原文中找到有關的信息，但同時需要將選項信息與原文句子進行語義上的轉換，例如使用同義詞、近義詞或反義詞表達相同的意思，這需要考生綜合考慮，把握出題人的考查意圖。常見的設問方式：?Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...??Whywas...asuccess??Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders?［典例］（2019?全國卷H?C片段）“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?Tomeetwithhercoworkers.Tocatchupwithherwork.Tohavesometimeonherown.Tocollectdataforherreport.［解題思路］第一步確定題干中的關鍵詞prefertogoout,lunch第二步根據關鍵詞定位信息句用prefertogoout和lunch尋讀，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找至UIjustwantedsometimetomyself.第三步比對選項確定答案根據信息句可知，Bechtel更喜歡出去吃午飯的原因是想擁有自己的時間。自主解答：C技法點金第一步看題目，從題干中提取關鍵信息。第二步采取速讀技巧尋找原文信息，將題目信息與原文相關信息進行語義上的轉換，將確定的文章信息進行加工處理，進行進一步的辨別，進而確定答案。［考向3］數字計算題一一“加減乘除”巧破解數字計算題要求考生在原文中找到相關的數字信息，再對相關的數字和信息進行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，確定答案。常見的設問方式：?Howmuchshouldacouplewithakidpayavisit...??Howlongdoes...last??Howmuchmaytheypay...?［典例］（2018?全國卷I?C片段）Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber中位數）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400.C.About2,400. D.About1,200.［解題思路］第一步確定題干中的關鍵詞lessthan6,000peopleatpresent第二步根據關鍵詞定位信息句Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.及Themediannumber（中位數）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.第三步整合推算運用數學公式計算由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同語言使用人數的中位數僅是6000,這就意味著世界上有一半語言的使用人數不至U6000；結合Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.可知，目前大約3400種語言的使用人數不到6000。自主解答：B技法點金第一步仔細分析題干，抓牢關鍵信息。第二步從文章中找出包含該信息的段落，運用數學公式計算。對于離散的數字計算題，需要先找到與之相關的事實或數據，然后再進行分析整合。感悟高考真題，精準把脈考向》真題示例⑥。⑥感悟高考真題，精準把脈考向》（2019?全國卷I?C）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommonthemarketisgrowingforbiometric生物測量）technologies-likefingerprintscans-tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalowcostdevice供置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【解題導語】 本文介紹了一種用智能鍵盤進行身份識別的技術。Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?Toreducepressureonkeys.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.Tocutthecostofespaceprotection.D解析：細節理解題。根據第一段的內容，尤其是第二句"Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.”可知，現有的生物識別技術價格昂貴。根據第二段的第一句"ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalowcostdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.”可知，同樣能夠保護私人電子空間的智能鍵盤成本較低，故選D。Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?Computersaremucheasiertooperate.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.C解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段的內容可知，智能鍵盤能夠準確地測量人們打字的節奏和力度，而打字模式因人而異，因此，智能鍵盤通過分析用戶的打字模式進行身份識別，故選C。Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?It'llbeenvironmentfriendly.It'llreachconsumerssoon.It'llbemadeofplastics.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.B解析：細節理解題。根據第四段的最后一句"Theteamhopestomakeittomarktinthenearfuture.”可知，該研究團隊希望在不久的將來將智能鍵盤推向市場，故選B。Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.D解析：文章出處題。本文是一篇科技類說明文，可能出自雜志。diary“日記”；guidebook”旅行指南"；novel“小說”；magazine“雜志”，故選D。巧思妙解“兩關注”“一防范”巧解細節理解題.兩關注：關注正確選項的特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語言（詞匯和結構）改頭換面，來表達相同的意思；二是對文章信息的綜合理解推斷歸納。.一防范：防范干擾選項的逼真性，稍有不慎就會落入命題人設置的陷阱中。在做間接信息題時，要根據所找信息，分析選項，對比其中所用詞匯，避免誤選答案。必要時要對原文信息進行歸納，然后比對選項，進而選出正確答案。細節理解題干擾項特征（同義替換）（語言簡化］［正話反說）（擴縮:范圍1（無中生有）偷梁換柱）1張冠李戴）1正誤參半）對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行同義替換把原文中的復雜語言現象進行簡化把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項與文章細節部分吻合，部分相悖f,、明顯與文章內容不符或沒有提及r 1 r符合常識，但不是文章內容是文章細節，但不符合題干要求或不是要點部分正確,部分錯誤訓練高質考題，知能鞏固提升》（2019?河南部分重點中學階段性測試四）GreatAmericanSongContestContestRules&Entry：Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemipro（半職業）songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties版稅）donothavequalifications.AmateurandsemiprosongwritersfromallnationsoftheworldareinvitedtoparticipateintheGreatAmericanSongContest.Songlyrics（歌詞）maybeinanylanguage.PleaseincludeanEnglishtranslation.Allparticipantswillbesentanentryconfirmationandajudgingschedulewhentheirsongsarereceivedandprocessed.Thisyear'sdeadlineisMarch5.Onlinesubmissionsmustbereceivedbythisdate.Mailedsubmissionsmustbepostmarked（蓋郵戳）bythisdate.Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.Ifthesamesongisenteredinmultiplecategories,eachrequiresaseparateentryfee.Prizes&Benefits：GrandPrizeWinnerreceives$1,000incash;eachFirstPrizeWinnerreceives$500incash.Inaddition,allwinnersreceiveafreemembershipTAXIIndependentA&RCompany—$300value!Unlikethosehighlycompetitive“bigcashprize”contests,whichreceive20000to30，000entrieseachyearbutrewardonlyafew,theGreatAmericanSongContestoffersaclearbenefittoeveryonewhoenters.Songwriterscangettheirsongsheardandgetfeedbackfromknowledgeablemusicindustryprofessionals.That'sbecausetheGreatAmericanSongContestoffersthisopportunityanduniqueguarantee:Allparticipatingsongwritersreceivewrittenopinionsontheirsongsfromexperiencedmusicindustryprofessionals!【解題導語】 本文是一則廣告。文章主要介紹GreatAmericanSongContest的規則、參賽費用和獎勵。Whatcanweknowfromthecontestrules?SonglyricsmustbewritteninEnglishonly.Notallsongwriterscantakepartinthecontest.C.Allsubmissionsmustbereceivedbythedeadline.Notallparticipantswillreceiveajudgingschedule.B解析：細節理解題。根據第一段“Thisannualeventisdesignedforamateurandsemipro（半職業）songwritersonly.Songwriterswhoearnover$10000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties（版稅）donothavequalifications.”可知，只有業余和半職業歌曲作者可以參賽，即并非所有歌曲作者都能參賽。故正確答案為B。Howmuchshouldasongwriterpayforhisthreeentries?A.$75. B.$80.C.$85. D.$90.C解析：細節理解題。根據ContestRules&Entry部分倒數第二段“Anentryfeeof$30isrequiredforeachenteredsong.Afterthefirsttwoentries,theentryfeedropsto$25foreachadditionalsong.”可知，三首參賽歌曲需付（30X2+25=）85美元。故正確答案為C。What,sanadvantageoftheGreatAmericanSongContest?Morecashforeveryprize.Quickerconfirmation.Alargernumberofentries.Writtencommentsonentries.D解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句中的“Allparticipatingsongwritersreceivewrittenopinionsontheirsongsfromexperiencedmusicindustryprofessionals!”可知，每個參賽者的歌曲都可以得到有經驗的音樂界專業人士的書面評價。故正確答案為D。［長難句分析］Songwriterswhoearnover$10000annuallyfromsongpublishingroyalties（版稅）donothavequalifications.（ContestRules&Entry部分第一段第二句）分析：本句是一個主從復合句。who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞Songwriters。譯文：每年從歌曲出版版稅中賺取一萬美元以上的歌曲作者沒有參賽資格。B（2019?山西五地市高三聯考）Scientistshaverecreateda1985studyofbirdsinPeruthatshowsclimatechangeispushingthemfromtheirnaturalenvironment.Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.In2017,researcherslookedagainatthebirdpopulations.Theyfoundthatalmostallhadmovedtohigherplacesinthemountain.Almostallhaddecreasedinsize.And,thescientistssayatleasteightbirdgroupsthatstartedatthehigherelevations（高地）haddiedoutcompletely.Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.Orchangestofoodsourcesmayhaveforcedthemtogohigher.Thefindingswerepublishedinasciencejournal.The1985researchhasdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevationinreactiontowarmingtemperatures.MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.In2016,Fitzpatrick,directorandacowriterofthestudypassedhisnotes,photosandotherrecordstoBenjaminFreeman.Freemanhasbeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.HesetoutinAugustandSeptemberof2017tocopyFitzpatrick'sstudy.Histeamusedthesamemethods,searchingthesameplacesinthesametimeofyear.Freeman'steamwantedtoseehowthingshadchangedforthebirdgroupssince1985.Theaveragetemperaturesonthemountainhadrisen0.42degreesCelsius.Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.Freemansaidthatthebirdsmovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Hebelievesthattemperatureisthemaincauseofthebirdsmovement.Fitzpatricknotedthatbirdsusedtolivinginareaswithlittletemperaturechangemaybeespeciallyatriskbecauseofclimatechange.Hesaid,“Weshouldexpectthatwhat'shappeningonthismountaintopishappeningmoregenerallyintheAndes,andothertropicalmountainranges.”【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，溫度上升會讓鳥類向海拔更高的地方遷徙，而這會導致鳥類的滅絕。HowmanykindsofbirdslivedinPeru30yearsago?Atleasteightbirdgroups.Morethan400.Overeightbirdgroups.Lessthan400.B解析：細節理解題。根據第一段第二句"Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多種鳥類生活在秘魯。故正確答案為B。Whydidthebirdsmoveupthemountain?A.Toavoidtemperaturechanges.B.Tofindmorefoodsources.C.Toadapttoextremetemperature.D.Toreacttotheincreaseofotherkindsofanimals.A解析：細節理解題。根據第二段第一句"Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges."可知，它們是為了避開溫度的變化。故正確答案為A。

HowdidFreemanandhisteamrecordthesoundofbirdsnoteasilybeingseen?Theyhadthetemperaturerise0.42degreesCelsius.Theymovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Theyplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountain.Theykeptonlisteningtothesoundhappeningonthismountaintop.C解析：細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句"Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.”可知，他們是通過在山上放置20個錄音設備來記錄那些不容易被看見的鳥類的聲音的。故正確答案為C。Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Twoteamsusedthesamemethodstodoresearches.Scientistsdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevation.Scientistshavebeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.RisingtemperaturecausessomebirdsinPerutobecomeextinct.D解析：主旨大意題。根據全文內容可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究成果，即溫度上升會讓鳥類向海拔更高的地方遷徙，而這會導致鳥類的滅絕。D項體現了這項研究的結果，概括了本文的主要內容。故正確答案為D。［長難句分析］MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.（第二段最后一句）分析：本句是一■個復合句。abiologistatauniversity是MarkUrban的同位語；thisrecentstudywas...是省略了that的賓語從句，作said的賓語；risingtemperatures...canleadto...是that引導的賓語從句，作prove的賓語。譯文：MarkUrban,一所大學的生物學家，說最近這項研究首次證明，氣溫上升和為避免高溫而進行的遷徙可能會導致物種的滅絕。■■■專題強化訓練■■■細節理解題一一直接細節題

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A（2019?河北石家莊二中高三模擬考試）BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity'sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook”,whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision—tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld'sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it'ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwentyfirstcentury'smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Facebook網站的創始人Zuckerberg創建網站的過程以及他努力克服所遇困難的故事。WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.Hehadgoodacademicperformance.HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.B解析：細節理解題。根據第一段第二句"Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，MarkZuckerberg在學生時期就有良好的學業表現。故B項正確。WhydidZuckerbergshutthesitedown?Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.B解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第二句"Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”可知，他關閉該網站的第一個因素就是照片的非法使用。故B項正確。WhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg?Easygoingandsmart.Quietandshy.Talentedandoutgoing.Rebelliousandcreative.D解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity”可知，Zuckerberg是一一個叛逆的學生，并且在學生時期就創建了網站。由此可推知，Zuckerberg是叛逆的和有創造性的。故D項正確。Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebookB.TheFoundationofFacebookC.ATalentfromHarvardUniversityD.TheDevelopmentofFacebookA解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Zuckerberg在創建網站的過程中遇到的困難以及他努力克服所遇困難的過程，A項適合作本文的標題。故A項正確。［長難句分析］Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched"TheFacebook”,whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.（第四段第三句）分析：本句是一個主從復合句。Itwas...that構成強調句；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞"TheFacebook"；第二個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞apublicservice。譯文：就在那時，他和兩個朋友一起推出Y"TheFacebook"。Facebook迅速傳播到其他大學并發展成為一項公共服務。在美國，任何人都可以使用這一服務，無論是用來與朋友和家人聯系，還是玩游戲。

（2019?河南六市高三第一次聯考）Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there'salwaystheriskthatyou'llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingtntherain.ButthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepastthankstoJaguarLandRover'slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidityd度）andlightsensors（專感器）tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttothelocalweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic（電致變色的）glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughit'sunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere'snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術一一天氣預報系統。該系統使用了一整套氣壓、濕度和光線傳感器，幫助車輛預測大氣狀況的變化并加以適應。HowwillJaguarLandRover'slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.C.Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.C解析：細節理解題。根據第二段第二句"Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidity（濕度）andlightsensors（傳感器）tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技術可以讓車輛像可移動的天氣預報站一樣，幫助車輛預測天氣狀況的變化并加以適應，從而造福于駕駛員。故選CoWhatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?Itcanhelpadjustthetemperature.Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.D解析：細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句"Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic（電致變色的）glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”可知，采用新技術的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故選D。Whatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromthetext?A.Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.Itcan'tpredicttheweatheraccurately.Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.D解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段最后一句"Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.”可知，天氣預報系統會使無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故選DoWheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Asciencereport.C.Asciencefiction. D.Atravelbrochure.B解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術，因此本文最可能出自科學報道。故選Bo［長難句分析］Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,there'salwaystheriskthatyou'llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.第一段第一句）分析：本句是一個主從復合句。while引導讓步狀語從句；you'llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain是同位語從句，說明risk的內容。譯文：雖然天氣預報員可以做出相當準確的預測，但你還會有在雨中開車時會淋雨的風險。C（2019?昆明高三復習診斷）Who’rehappier,menorwomen?Researchshowsit'sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierifentreallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.Women'shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithmen.Gender（性別）differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences.Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirror^口^^鏡像神經元）thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeople'sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness.Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation-whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen'shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen's.【解題導語】本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?A.Warmth. B.Depression.C.Happiness. D.Disrespect.D解析：細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect”可知，男性表現更多的是生氣、驕傲和無禮，故選D。Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?A.Psychologicalfactors. B.Biologicalfactors.C.Educationalfactors. D.Socialfactors.A解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段的內容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內心的情感。Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom.

asciencefictionaculturebrochureasciencefictionaculturebrochureC.anurseryguide D.ahealthmagazineD解析：文章出處題。根據本文內容可知，本文主要從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項。Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.Women'shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.B解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異，故B項最符合文意。［長難句分析］ Gender（性別）differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences.（第二段第三句）分析：本句是一■個由and連接的并列句。thatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences為that弓［導的賓語從句。譯文：抑郁癥的性別差異已得到充分證實，而且研究發現，生理、心理和社會因素造成了這些差異。細節理解題一一綜合細節題

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A（2019?合肥高三第二次質量檢測）AsimpleprojecttohelpafamilyinneedstoppedLukeMickelsoninhistracks.In2012,heandhisfamilywereinspiredtobuildanddonateabunkbed,onebedontopoftheother,afterlearningtherewerelocalchildrenwhosleptonthefloor.Shockedtodiscoverhowwidespreadthisneedwasinhiscommunity,MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.BornandraisedinIdaho,Mickelson,now41,hadathrivingcareer.Hecoachedhiskids'sportsteamsandfishedinthenearbyriver.Butwhenhemetchildrenwhoweresleepingonthefloor,hispeacefullifechangedcourse.Usingsafetyguidelinesandhisdaughter'sbunkbedasamodel,Mickelsonstartedbuyingwoodandsuppliestobuildbedswithhisownmoney.Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymemberstohelparoundtheholidays.Asthewordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesflooded—alongwithMickelson'sbunkbedoutput.“Thatfirstproject,webuilt11bunkbedsinmygarage”hesaid.“Thenextyear,wedid15.Thenitdoubledeveryyear.In2017,webuilt612bunkbeds.Withthemotto“Nokidsleepsonthefloorinourtown”,thenonprofitanditsmorethan65brancheshavebuiltanddeliveredmorethan1,500freebedstochildrenacrossAmerica.Butalongwiththerapidgrowth,Mickelsonwasfacedwithatoughchoice:advancinghiscareerorhi